Does A Higher Retirement Age Reduce Youth Employment?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bertoni ◽  
Giorgio Brunello
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Employment Change ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Firm Turnover ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Pension reforms rising minimum retirement age force some senior workers to retire later than originally expected. We evaluate the impact of a 2011 Italian reform, implemented during a recession, on youth and prime age employment. Our research design is based on difference-in-differences, and exploits the variations in the intensity of the treatment across local labor markets due to differences in the age structure of the population. We estimate that, for any 1,000 local senior workers locked into employment by the reform, local youth and prime age employment declined by 273 (-0.86%) and 199 (-0.12%) workers, and senior employment increased by 833 (+2.70%) individuals. The estimated reduction in youth employment is broadly similar to the one induced by earlier reforms, implemented when the economy was growing. We estimate that an important part of the total employment change induced by the 2011 reform is due to higher firm turnover.

Local labor markets in U.S.–Mexican border cities and the impact of maquiladora production

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Varella Mollick ◽  
Abigaíl Cortez-Rayas ◽  
Rosa A. Olivas-Moncisvais
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
The Impact

The Heterogeneous Effects of P2P Ride-Hailing on Traffic: Evidence from Uber’s Entry in California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvrat Dhanorkar ◽  
Gordon Burtch
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Crowding Effect ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The One ◽  
Staggered Entry ◽  
The Impact

Despite their promise, popularity, and rapid growth, the transit implications of ride-hailing platforms (e.g., Uber, Lyft) are not altogether clear. On the one hand, ride-hailing services can provide pooling (i.e., traffic reductions) advantages by efficiently matching customer demand (i.e., trips) with resources (i.e., cars) or by facilitating car-sharing. On the other hand, ride-hailing may also induce extra travel because of increased convenience and travel mode substitution, which may create crowding (i.e., traffic increases). We seek to reconcile these divergent perspectives here, exploring the heterogeneous determinants of ride-hailing’s effects. Taking advantage of Uber’s staggered entry into various geographic markets in California, we execute a regression-based difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the impact of ride-hailing services on traffic volumes. Using monthly micro data from more than 9,000 vehicle detector station units deployed across California, we show that Uber’s effect (either pooling or crowding) on traffic depends on various contextual factors. We find some evidence of pooling effects on weekdays; however, Uber’s entry leads to significant crowding effects on weekends. Furthermore, the crowding effect is amplified on interior roads and in areas characterized by high population density. Although ride-hailing seems to have a substitution effect on public transportation, we find ride-hailing services may have a complementary effect for carpooling users. Finally, we show that premium ride-hailing services (e.g., Uber Black) almost exclusively lead to a crowding effect. We conduct a battery of robustness tests (e.g., propensity score matching, alternative treatment approaches, placebo tests) to ensure the consistency of our findings.

Spatial Aspects of Health-Care Employment in Britain: 1. Aggregate Trends

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Producer Services ◽  
Employment Change ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Spatial Trends ◽  
The Impact

In this paper I review aggregate spatial trends in employment in health care. This is a neglected area in the study of employment change. Although much attention has been given recently to the producer services sector, in numerical terms the health-care sector is a major employer and, locally, can provide a substantial proportion of jobs within individual labour markets. I first consider regional trends in health-care employment over time, and then disaggregate these, where possible, by grade of staff. The contribution of health care to total employment is then examined for standard regions arid also for travel-to-work-areas (TTWAs). Possible interpretations of these changes are then discussed. Four interrelated factors are implicated: the impact of the public expenditure policies of successive governments; the effect of policies designed to redistribute resources in the NHS; local decisions on the siting and closing of NHS hospitals; and the impact of private sector growth in health care.

THE IMPACT OF MILITARY PRESENCE IN LOCAL LABOR MARKETS ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRADFORD BOOTH ◽  
WILLIAM W. FALK ◽  
DAVID R. SEGAL ◽  
MADY WECHSLER SEGAL
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Taxonomic Analysis of Differentiation of Situations on Local Labor Markets in the Pressure Area of Chopin Airport in Warsaw as a Method for Regional Development Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-371
Author(s):  
Agata Surówka
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
The Impact

SummarySubject and purpose of work: Recently, research into the impact of air transport on the situation on local labor markets has been of great practical importance. These issues have become a source of interest in the study. The purpose of the article is an attempt to use taxonomic methods to analyze the spatial diversity of counties located in the catchment area (100 km) of Warsaw Chopin Airport due to the situation on local labor markets.Materials and methods: Taxonomic methods were used as the research tool. The text also presents the methodology for identifying statistical units located in these areas, indicated by the Geostatistics Portal.Results: The conducted process allowed to assess the impact of air transport on the economic situation on the local labor market due to the indicators selected for the study. The proposed method is a new, effective, useful and modern approach to obtaining and analyzing statistical data for the areas of influence of Polish airports. It should also be emphasized that it constitutes a certain contribution of the author to the development of research on the impact of air transport on the socio-economic development of regions.Conclusions: The analysis allowed us to generally illustrate the spatial inequalities of the units selected for testing due to the adopted measures.

scholarly journals Age, education, and earnings in the course of Brazilian development: Does composition matter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Joseph E Potter ◽  
Daniel Hamermesh ◽  
Eduardo L G Rios-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of shifts in the age distribution of the working-age population have been studied in relation to the effect of the baby boom generation on the earnings of different cohorts in the U.S. However, this topic has received little attention in the context of the countries of Asia and Latin America, which are now experiencing substantial shifts in their age-education distributions. In this analysis, we estimate the impact of the changing relative size of the adult male population, classified by age and education groups, on the earnings of employed men living in 502 Brazilian local labor markets during four time periods between 1970 and 2000. Taking advantage of the huge variation across Brazilian local labor markets and demographic census micro-data, we used fixed effects models to demonstrate that age- education group size depresses earnings. These effects are more detrimental among age-education groups with higher education, but they are becoming less negative over time. The decrease in the share of workers with the lowest level of education has not led to gains in the earnings of these workers in recent years. These trends might be a consequence of technological shifts and increasing demand for labor with either education or experience. Compositional shifts are influential, which suggests that this approach could prove useful in studying this central problem in economic development.

scholarly journals (Ph.D. dissertation) Demographic change and economic development at the local level in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
The Impact

(Ph.D. Dissertation)In this analysis, I estimate the impact of the changing relative size of the adult male population, classified by age and education groups, on the earnings of employed males living in 502 Brazilian local labor markets during four time periods between 1970 and 2000. The effects of shifts in the age distribution of the working age population have been studied in relation to the effect of the baby-boom generation on the earnings of different cohorts in the United States. However, the question has received little attention in the context of the countries in Asia and Latin America, which are now experiencing substantial shifts in their age-education distributions. Taking advantage of the huge variation across Brazilian local labor markets, the models in this research suggest that age-education groups are not perfect substitutes, so that own-cohort-education size depresses earnings, as expected by the theory. Compositional shifts are influential, attesting that this approach represents a fruitful way of studying this central problem in economic development, going beyond the effects normally analyzed by formal labor market equations.

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