scholarly journals Does incidental calcium deposition in non-cardiac CT scans predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in young adults? A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aker ◽  
L Khalaili ◽  
I Naoum ◽  
A Abedalghani ◽  
R Zoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Abstract Background The calcium score in cardiac CT scan represents an effective tool in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, few studies have examined the value of incidental arterial calcification (AC) in non-cardiac CT scans, especially in young adults with no prior cardiovascular morbidity. Purpose To evaluate the association between incidental AC and the incidence of cardiovascular events, as well as the association between atherosclerotic risk factors and AC in young adults with no known cardiovascular disease. Methods A retrospective study in patients aged 40–50 years old with no history of cardiovascular disease that underwent chest CT scan between 1.9.2012–31.8.2013 for reasons not related to cardiovascular disease. We assessed the presence of AC in the aorta and coronary arteries and its association with the rates of coronary catheterization for acute coronary syndrome (CCACS), emergency room (ER) visits or hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease and cardiac mortality. Furthermore, we examined the association between atherosclerotic risk factors (hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia and diabetes) and AC. Results 308 patients were included in the study, 150 men and 158 women with average follow-up period of 7.2+0.29 years. AC was found in 88 (28.6%) patients. AC was more frequent in men than in women (35% vs. 20.9%, OR=2.18, P=0.006). Patients with AC underwent more CCACS than those without (11.6% vs. 0.5%, OR = 29.1, P=0.0001). Patients with AC had more ER and hospital admissions (33.7% vs. 14.4%, P<0.0001, OR=3). Individuals with hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia exhibited higher rates of AC (OR=2.66, 4, and 1.9, respectively). A statistically significant excess mortality in those with AC was not demonstrated (P=0.076). Conclusion AC appears to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and increased incidence of CCACS. Primary preventive strategies in patients with AC may reduce cardiovascular morbidity. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Synergistic effects of fructose and glucose on lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults” [Metab Clin Exp 112 (2020) 154356]

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 154774
Author(s):  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Valentina Medici ◽  
Andrew A. Bremer ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Synergistic Effects

Abstract P249: A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention is Effective for Change in CVD Risk Factors in Young Adults: The IDEA Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Jakicic ◽  
Kelliann K Davis ◽  
Bethany Barone Gibbs ◽  
Diane Helsel ◽  
Wendy C King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Introduction: Few studies have examined behavioral weight loss interventions with respect to change in cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults (aged 18 to 35 years). Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that a 6 month behavioral weight loss intervention resulted in significant improvements in selective cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Methods: Data are presented as median [25 th , 75 th percentiles]. 470 participants (age: 30.9 [27.8, 33.7] years); BMI: 31.2 [28.4, 34.3] kg/m 2 ) were enrolled in a 6 month behavioral weight loss intervention that included weekly group sessions and prescribed an energy restricted diet and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Assessments included weight using a standardized protocol, resting blood pressure, and fasting lipids, glucose, and insulin. Statistical significance of change was according to tests of symmetry or the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. Results: The primary outcome (weight) was available for 424 of the 470 participants (90.2%). Weight significantly decreased (-7.8 kg [-12.2, -3.7]) (p<0.0001). Systolic (-4.0 mmHg [-8.5, 0.5] and diastolic blood pressure (-3.0 mmHg [-6.5, 1.0]) decreased (p<0.0001). Total cholesterol (-13 mg/dl [-28.0, 2.0]), LDL cholesterol (-9.5 mg/dl [-21.7, 2.0]), triglycerides (-8.5 mg/dl [-44.0, 9.0]), glucose (-4.0 mg/dl [-8.0, 1.0]), and insulin (-2.6 mIU/L [-5.9, 0.7]) decreased (p<0.0001, n=416). There was not a significant change in HDL cholesterol (p=0.72). Conclusions: In conclusion, after 6 months, weight loss was observed in young adults assigned to this behavioral intervention that focused on physical activity and diet modification. They tended to also have improved cardiovascular disease risk factors. This may demonstrate an approach to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young adults. Supported by NIH (U01HL096770) and AHA (12BGIA9410032)

Medical Management of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Vascular Surgery Patients

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayer Chung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

There is an epidemic of cardiovascular disease in the United States, which is responsible for approximately one death every 40 seconds in the United States. Whereas the overall mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease is decreasing, the overall prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors is increasing. Optimal management of atherosclerotic risk factors can have profound effects on morbidity and mortality after vascular surgical procedures. This review covers risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis; the evaluation of patients with vascular disease; management of tobacco abuse, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and antiplatelet agents; and perioperative medical management concerns in vascular surgery. Tables highlight investigational biomarkers for atherosclerosis, behavioral modification recommendations to be used to improve smoking cessation, Eighth Joint National Committee guidelines for blood pressure management, definitions of high- and moderate-intensity statin therapy, and potential future areas of research. Algorithms lay out the effects of cigarette smoke, the proposed mechanism of statin pleiotropy as it pertains to the vasculature, and the proposed mechanisms of the role of hyperglycemia in atherogenesis. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 79 references.

scholarly journals Synergistic effects of fructose and glucose on lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults

Metabolism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 154356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Valentina Medici ◽  
Andrew A. Bremer ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Synergistic Effects

Progressive hemorrhage after head trauma: predictors and consequences of the evolving injury

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Oertel ◽  
Daniel F. Kelly ◽  
David McArthur ◽  
W. John Boscardin ◽  
Thomas C. Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Time From Injury ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Progressive intracranial hemorrhage after head injury is often observed on serial computerized tomography (CT) scans but its significance is uncertain. In this study, patients in whom two CT scans were obtained within 24 hours of injury were analyzed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical significance of progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI). Methods. The diagnosis of PHI was determined by comparing the first and second CT scans and was categorized as epidural hematoma (EDH), subdural hematoma (SDH), intraparenchymal contusion or hematoma (IPCH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Potential risk factors, the daily mean intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure were analyzed. In a cohort of 142 patients (mean age 34 ± 14 years; median Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8, range 3–15; male/female ratio 4.3:1), the mean time from injury to first CT scan was 2 ± 1.6 hours and between first and second CT scans was 6.9 ± 3.6 hours. A PHI was found in 42.3% of patients overall and in 48.6% of patients who underwent scanning within 2 hours of injury. Of the 60 patients with PHI, 87% underwent their first CT scan within 2 hours of injury and in only one with PHI was the first CT scan obtained more than 6 hours postinjury. The likelihood of PHI for a given lesion was 51% for IPCH, 22% for EDH, 17% for SAH, and 11% for SDH. Of the 46 patients who underwent craniotomy for hematoma evacuation, 24% did so after the second CT scan because of findings of PHI. Logistic regression was used to identify male sex (p = 0.01), older age (p = 0.01), time from injury to first CT scan (p = 0.02), and initial partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (p = 0.02) as the best predictors of PHI. The percentage of patients with mean daily ICP greater than 20 mm Hg was higher in those with PHI compared with those without PHI. The 6-month postinjury outcome was similar in the two patient groups. Conclusions. Early progressive hemorrhage occurs in almost 50% of head-injured patients who undergo CT scanning within 2 hours of injury, it occurs most frequently in cerebral contusions, and it is associated with ICP elevations. Male sex, older age, time from injury to first CT scan, and PTT appear to be key determinants of PHI. Early repeated CT scanning is indicated in patients with nonsurgically treated hemorrhage revealed on the first CT scan.

scholarly journals A prospective evaluation of atherosclerotic risk factors and hypercoagulability in young adults with premature lower extremity atherosclerosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel J. Levy ◽  
M. Francisco Gonzalez ◽  
Carlton A. Hornung ◽  
Wei W. Chang ◽  
James L. Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Bone Health and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease - A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Young Adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e108040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Pirilä ◽  
Mervi Taskinen ◽  
Maila Turanlahti ◽  
Merja Kajosaari ◽  
Outi Mäkitie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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