”Little girl, where do you think you go with this method?”: shame and use of emergency contraception

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cantarero Arevalo ◽  
E Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background In England in 2018, 45% of pregnancies were unplanned at the time of conception. In 2017, there were 192,900 abortions carried out for women residing in England and Wales, with the highest rate of abortion being for women aged 20-24 (28.2 per 1000 resident women). Aim To understand social and cultural influences which affect ethnic minority young women's utilization and experience of emergency contraception in the United Kingdom. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews following an interview topic guide were conducted with seven young women currently living in the UK, whose parents were born outside the UK. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and input into NVivo version 11.4.3. Transcriptions were coded to identify themes and these themes were then analyzed to identify commonalities and establish connections to understand perceptions and experiences of the participants. The themes coded were “Knowledge of emergency contraception”, “relationships” “concerns about obtaining and using EC”, “balancing risks” and “religion and culture”. Results Participants were often not open with their parents about sexual health related topics. Cultural taboos still persist towards sex before marriage which could translate into guilt and shame about using EC. When asked about concerns surrounding EC, participants mentioned concerns relating to obtaining EC, generally involving privacy embarrassment or shame. Stigma and concern about what others may think was a fairly frequent theme throughout the interviews, with participants being worried about what friends, family or service providers would think about them. Conclusions cultural awareness in healthcare reiterate the need for interventions which take into consideration sociocultural contexts. This is essential to ensure that young women have access to emergency contraception in order to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Key messages Despite availability of emergency contraception, young women still face the risk of going through an unwanted pregnancy becuase of embarrasment and shame. Cultural taboos towards sex before marriage still persists and this is translated into guilt and shame about using emergency contraception.

scholarly journals Comprehensive physiotherapy management in covid-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivendran Kalirathinam ◽  
Raj Guruchandran ◽  
Prabhakar Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

The 2019 novel coronavirus officially named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization, has spread to more than 180 countries. The ongoing global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, spread to the United Kingdom (UK) in January 2020. Transmission within the UK was confirmed in February, leading to an epidemic with a rapid increase in cases in March. As on April 25- 2020, there have been 148,377 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK and 20,319 people with confirmed infection have died. Survival of critically ill patients is frequently associated with significant functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life. Early physiotherapy and community rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients has recently been identified as an essential therapeutic tool and has become a crucial evidence-based component in the management of these patients. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe recent progress in the application of physiotherapy management in COVID 19 patients. Assessment and evidence- based treatment of these patients should include prevention, reduction of adverse consequences in immobilization, and long-term impairment sequelae. A variety of techniques and modalities of early physiotherapy in intensive care unit are suggested by clinical research. They should be applied according to the stage of the disease, comorbidities, and patient’s level of cooperation.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Public Health in the Pharm Curriculum in the United Kingdom: Content Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chijioke Agomo ◽  
Jane Portlock ◽  
James Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum

1) Public health remains a tiny portion of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum and the material is integrated into other modules. The objective of this study is to describe the UK undergraduate pharmacy curriculum, including its public health content; 2) Methods: A qualitative method (content analysis of websites) was used to describe the UK undergraduate pharmacy curriculum and teaching and learning policy. This involved selecting relevant concepts and then quantifying their presence and the relationships between them. The NVivo software was used to carry out ‘group queries’ and visualisation of results; 3) Results: Public health remains an optional module in the curricula of many UK schools of pharmacy. Several public health-related topics are often integrated into other modules, but UK undergraduate pharmacy curricula are still dominated by traditional pharmacy modules; and 4) Conclusions: Most of the curricula analysed were dominated by traditional pharmacy modules designed to enhance students' knowledge and skills. The skill set of UK pharmacy students with respect to macro-level public health activities needs to be improved in order to enhance pharmacists’ contribution to public health.

scholarly journals Emergency Contraceptive Pills: South East Asia Regional Training Manual

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Health Situation

This manual aims to equip Master Trainers with appropriate knowledge on emergency contraceptive pills that can be used by a woman to prevent an unwanted pregnancy within three days of unprotected intercourse or a contraceptive accident such as condom leakage. The manual discusses emergency contraceptive pills and the provision of related services. After a day’s training, Master Trainers will have the knowledge and skills necessary to train service providers and workers on emergency contraceptive pills. Clinicians and program managers who would like to provide services or information on emergency contraceptive pills would also benefit from the manual. The manual is divided into four sessions. The first session provides an overview of the demographic and reproductive health situation in South Asia and discusses the role of emergency contraception as a reproductive health intervention. The second session defines emergency contraception and discusses details of when and how emergency contraceptive pills should be taken. Service delivery guidelines are covered in the third session. The fourth session covers counseling on emergency contraceptive pills and frequently asked questions.

Regional Outlook

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Jane Gingrich ◽  
Scott L. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Private Financing

The regional outlook for Ireland and the United Kingdom, both liberal market economies characterized by a limited role for the state, presents a brief comparative assessment of the historical development of their healthcare systems, health politics, and selected health-related indicators. The two are quite different in terms of health financing, with the UK’s health system relying on substantially larger tax expenditures and less private financing. Reported unmet need in the UK is therefore largely attributed to waiting times, whereas in Ireland it is mainly due to cost. Notably, reported unmet need is higher in both than it was in 2005. Since at least 2002, healthcare has tended to be a salient political issue in both Ireland and the UK.

scholarly journals Contact with Cultural Others – The Friendship Family Programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidonie Ecochard ◽  
Kirsteen Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
International Students ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Uk

The Friendship Family Programme is a cultural exchange initiative piloted this year at Edinburgh Napier University. It is designed to give international students a chance to have first-hand experience of the local culture and way of life, in addition to life on campus. Students are paired with volunteer staff families, who also get the chance to better understand international transitions and learn about the students' home countries and cultures. The programme was grounded in research findings which indicate that social support and friendship with host nationals reduce the acculturative stress and ease the transition of international students. Indeed, international students do not have a full-scale support system in the United Kingdom (UK) and tend to experience loneliness and homesickness during their stay. Meanwhile, the literature also indicates the need for all university staff to understand the background of their students and to be aware of the unique challenges that confront them in the UK. Internationalisation includes mutual cultural awareness and respect. This ‘On the horizon’ piece introduces the Friendship Family Programme and the rationale behind the initiative, along with testimonials from participants.

scholarly journals Training service providers on emergency contraception: Lessons learned from an OR study

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
National Family Planning

The Bangladesh Directorate of Family Planning in collaboration with the Population Council, Pathfinder International, and John Snow, Inc. is conducting an operations research project to test the feasibility of introducing emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) in the national family planning (FP) program and to answer operational questions on implementing the use of ECP efficiently. In Bangladesh, 1.2 million births are unplanned and the number of menstrual regulation/abortions is increasing. ECP could be a good reproductive health intervention for women since it gives them a chance to avoid unwanted pregnancy. ECP does not induce abortion. In fact, it helps in reducing the number of abortions. In Bangladesh, emergency contraception is relatively new and there is general lack of knowledge even among doctors. Thus, training providers will be a critical element for the introduction of ECP. The present feasibility study, detailed in this research update, has been undertaken to answer operational questions that need to be addressed while introducing ECP in the national FP program. The study has been carried out in two districts, Tangail and Mymensingh.

scholarly journals Preparing for a COVID-19 vaccine: Identifying and psychologically profiling those who are vaccine hesitant or resistant in two general population samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Frédérique Vallières ◽  
Richard Bentall ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Orla McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Successful delivery of a COVID-19 vaccine may be undermined if populations are not receptive to inoculation as a primary public health strategy for combatting the virus. We gathered nationally representative data from the general adult populations of Ireland (N=1,041) and the United Kingdom (UK; N=2,025) to determine rates of hesitancy and resistance to a future COVID-19 vaccine and to identify and psychologically profile vaccine hesitant/resistant individuals in a way that might aid future public health messaging. Vaccine hesitancy was evident for 26% and 25% of Irish and UK samples, respectively, while vaccine resistance was evident for 9% and 6%, respectively. Vaccine hesitant/resistant respondents in Ireland and the UK differed in relation to a number of sociodemographic, political, and health-related variables, but were similar across a broad array of psychological constructs. In both populations, those who were resistant to a COVID-19 vaccine were less likely to obtain information about the pandemic from traditional and authoritative sources and had similar levels of mistrust in these sources. The current findings may help public health officials to more effectively target vaccine hesitant and resistant individuals, develop effective communication strategies that take into account their specific psychological dispositions, and leverage dissemination channels that can successfully reach these individuals.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and fertility services in the United Kingdom; a biphasic qualitative study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Karavadra ◽  
Andrea Stockl ◽  
Adam H Balen ◽  
Edward Patrick Morris
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cultural Pressures ◽  
The Impact

Recently, fertility services have started the process of resumption since COVID 19 was declared a pandemic, but there remains significant uncertainty in the way this care will be delivered in the United Kingdom (UK). The objective of our study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on individuals using fertility services in the UK. The study was conducted in two phases between May 2020 to July 2020: an online questionnaire involving 1212 participants and subsequent individual semi-structured telephone interviews with 15 participants. Through thematic analysis, we learned from the questionnaire findings that 74% of individuals identified as White British, 21% as Black And Minority Ethnic (BAME) and 2.6% as male. 96% of individuals from the questionnaire explained that COVID-19 had a ‘negative impact’ on their fertility treatment, namely ‘delay in care’. 82% of participants discussed concerns about the 'uncertainty' they felt about fertility services; these included the ‘unknown impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes’, the ‘unknown impact on general gynaecology services’ and the ‘unknown impact of COVID-19 on fertility success'. Through semi-structured telephone interviews with fifteen participants, we learned about the ‘cultural pressures’ individuals from BAME backgrounds faced in relation to care. Participants were mindful about the ‘pressures on the service’ when re-opening, and therefore ‘advancing maternal age’, ‘socio-economic background’ and ‘previous unsuccessful fertility treatment’ were the main factors individuals considered important when ‘prioritising’ fertility care. Our findings can be used by fertility service providers to appreciate the patient perspective when considering the re-opening of fertility services nationally and internationally.

scholarly journals Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Frédérique Vallières ◽  
Richard P. Bentall ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Orla McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIdentifying and understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy within distinct populations may aid future public health messaging. Using nationally representative data from the general adult populations of Ireland (N = 1041) and the United Kingdom (UK; N = 2025), we found that vaccine hesitancy/resistance was evident for 35% and 31% of these populations respectively. Vaccine hesitant/resistant respondents in Ireland and the UK differed on a number of sociodemographic and health-related variables but were similar across a broad array of psychological constructs. In both populations, those resistant to a COVID-19 vaccine were less likely to obtain information about the pandemic from traditional and authoritative sources and had similar levels of mistrust in these sources compared to vaccine accepting respondents. Given the geographical proximity and socio-economic similarity of the populations studied, it is not possible to generalize findings to other populations, however, the methodology employed here may be useful to those wishing to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy elsewhere.

scholarly journals Legal Tech in Legal Service: Challenging the Traditional Legal Landscape in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ((S1)) ◽  
pp. 279-301
Author(s):  
Juriah Abdul Jalil ◽  
Shukriah Mohd Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
Legal Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practice Regulation

Digital technologies are now extending its function to the legal profession. But the existence of these technologies otherwise known as legal tech or law tech is challenging the traditional legal profession. The nature of legal practice regulation in Malaysia and the United Kingdom (UK) permits only lawyers and authorised persons as legal service providers. As a result, the legal tech or law tech companies although able to facilitate the service in the legal profession are met with resistance and/or indifference. Should the traditional legal profession fear the invasion of this legal tech? This article aims to analyse the situation in Malaysia and the UK. It examines the impact of technology on legal service and legal profession in Malaysia and in the UK. The article also highlights the implication of this legal technology on the laws governing the legal profession in Malaysia. Through analyses of key Malaysian cases, the study finds that the Bar Council has the power to halt the operation of legal tech companies in providing any legal service in this country.As a result, the Bar has been criticised for being a hindrance to the development of legal tech in Malaysia. In contrast, the UK and the United States of America (US) have been very receptive to legal technology despite the exclusivity in the legal profession.

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