Recent trends in health inequalities among old-age groups across Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Barslund ◽  
L Ludolph
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recent Trends

scholarly journals Neisseria meningitidis carriage and risk factors among teenagers in Suizhou city in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Hong mei Yang ◽  
Guo ming Li ◽  
Bing qing Zhu ◽  
Yating Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Carriage Rate

Abstract Teenagers are important carriers of Neisseria meningitidis, which is a leading cause of invasive meningococcal disease. In China, the carriage rate and risk factors among teenagers are unclear. The present study presents a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data for N. meningitidis carriage from 2013 to 2017 in Suizhou city, China. The carriage rates were 3.26%, 2.22%, 3.33%, 3.53% and 9.88% for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. From 2014 to 2017, the carriage rate in the 15- to 19-year-old age group (teenagers) was the highest and significantly higher than that in remain age groups. Subsequently, a larger scale survey (December 2017) for carriage rate and relative risk factors (population density, time spent in the classroom, gender and antibiotics use) were investigated on the teenagers (15- to 19-year-old age) at the same school. The carriage rate was still high at 33.48% (223/663) and varied greatly from 6.56% to 52.94% in a different class. Population density of the classroom was found to be a significant risk factor for carriage, and 1.4 persons/m2 is recommended as the maximum classroom density. Further, higher male gender ratio and more time spent in the classroom were also significantly associated with higher carriage. Finally, antibiotic use was associated with a significantly lower carriage rate. All the results imply that attention should be paid to the teenagers and various measures can be taken to reduce the N. meningitidis carriage, to prevent and control the outbreak of IMD.

scholarly journals Clinical and radiological imaging as prognostic predictors in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Ibrahim Metwally ◽  
Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Zaitoun ◽  
Housseini Mohamed Abdalla ◽  
Hanaa Abu Elazayem Nofal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Ct Features

Abstract Background Since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic infection, several studies have been performed to discuss the clinical picture, laboratory finding, and imaging features of this disease. The aim of this study is to demarcate the imaging features of novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) in different age groups and outline the relation between radiological aspect, including CT severity, and clinical aspect, including age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome. We implemented a prospective observational study enrolled 299 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (169 males and 130 females; age range = 2–91 years; mean age = 38.4 ± 17.2). All patients were submitted to chest CT with multi-planar reconstruction. The imaging features of NCIP in different age groups were described. The relations between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome were evaluated. Results The most predominant CT features were bilateral (75.4%), posterior (66.3%), pleural-based (93.5%), lower lobe involvement (89.8%), and ground-glass opacity (94.7%). ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff age that was highly exposed to moderate and severe stages of NCIP was 38 years old (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.001). NCIP was noted in 42.6% below 40-year-old age group compared to 84% above 40-year-old age group. The CT severity was significantly related to age and fatal outcome (p < 0.001). Anterior, centrilobular, hilar, apical, and middle lobe involvements had a significant relation to below 90% oxygen saturation. A significant negative correlation was found between CT severity and oxygen saturation (r = − 0.49, p < 0.001). Crazy-paving pattern, anterior aspect, hilar, centrilobular involvement, and moderate and severe stages had a statistically significant relation to higher mortality. Conclusion The current study confirmed the value of CT as a prognostic predictor in NCIP through demonstration of the strong relation between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and the fatal outcome. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, this study is considered to be an extension to other studies discussing chest CT features of COVID-19 in different age groups with demarcation of the relation of chest CT severity to different pattern and distribution of NCIP, age, oxygen saturation, and mortality rate.

Comparison of Human Thymus Gland between Young and Old Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1907-1909
Author(s):  
Faiza Mehboob ◽  
Ponum Mirani ◽  
M. Kamran Ameer ◽  
Khurram Shabeer ◽  
Muhammad Ali Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: Study was conducted to examine the different parameters of human thymus glands of young and old patients and compare the findings between both age groups. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and Study: Study was conducted at Anatomy department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan for duration of six months from 15th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. Methods: Total 54 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 27 patients with ages <30 years and group II with 27 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 12 (44.44%) patients were ages <15 years and 15 (55.56%) patients were ages >15 years. In group 13 (48.15%) and 14 (51.85%) patients were ages <50 years and >50 years. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that patients with young age had significantly less thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue with more in number and decreasing size of Hassal’s corpuscles as compared to old age patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

Concrete and Formal Operational thought Processes in Young Adulthood and Old Age

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Clayton ◽  
Willis F. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Concrete Operational ◽  
Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence

A study was conducted to examine the role of concrete and formal operations in a young and old population. In addition, the present study explored the relation between operational thought and Cattell's concept of fluid and crystallized intelligence, as well as the role of differential living arrangements in maintaining operational thought. Eighty females from three age groups (18–20 years, 60–70 years and 70–80 years of age) were tested on a series of Piagetian tasks and indices of fluid and crystallized intelligence. The findings supported the notion that age-related performance differences occur in the area of formal operational thought prior to the time they occur in concrete operational thought. Except for the young sample, the operational tasks were found to be unrelated to fluid intelligence at the age levels represented in this study. Living independently as opposed to living in an old age home did not appear to be a significant factor in maintaining operational thought. Discussion focused on the necessity of identifying those factors which influence the developmental course of formal operational thought across the life span.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Differences Related to Age in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nagahama ◽  
Tomoko Okina ◽  
Norio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recent Memory ◽  
Better Than

Background/Aims: To examine the influence of age on neuropsychological performances in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: We examined memory, executive, and visuo-constructional performances in 202 DLB patients and 236 AD patients. We divided the subjects into three age groups (65–74, 75–84, and 85–95 years old), and evaluated the differences in neuropsychological performances. Results: Recent memory in the DLB group was significantly better than that in the age-matched AD group when comparing the age groups 65–74 years and 75–84 years; however, memory impairment in the DLB patients in the age group 85–95 years was comparable with that in the age-matched AD patients. In contrast to recent memory, the other assessed neuropsychological performances, such as visuospatial and executive functions, showed no significant change in differences between the DLB and AD groups with advancing age. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the nature of memory impairment in DLB patients changes according to age. DLB patients in the young-old and old-old age groups showed significantly better memory performance than the age-matched AD patients, whereas memory performance of the DLB patients in the oldest-old age group was similar to that of the age-matched AD patients. This may be associated with the increased rate of coexisting AD pathology in DLB patients with older age.

scholarly journals Antler growth in male roe deer in field hunting grounds in Vojvodina: Effect of age on trophy value

2006 ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Dragan Gacic
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Healthy Males

Antler growth in male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L) was studied on the representative sample consisting of 546 trophies (227 from Backa and 319 from Banat) hunted in the period 19982005. No significant differences in antler characters and trophy values were noted between Backa and Banat (except weight of antlers for 5 year old males), and the data for both regions were pooled. Antler growth is a curvilinear function of age. Mean values of length, weight and volume of antlers, and total trophy score varied significantly between the males in different age groups. The study results prove that in Vojvodina field hunting grounds, healthy males attain the culmination in antler growth and trophy value at the age of six years but already after the age of seven years, they show the first sign of old age and decline.

scholarly journals "It Is Not Good For Man To Be Alone" The Struggle against Loneliness in Old Age: Basic Assumptions for an Integrative Operational Concept –The Israeli Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Avi Bitzur ◽  
Eran Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Operational Concept

The widespread expression saying that "loneliness is the No. 1 enemy of old age" has, in the 21st century, becomes obvious and banal now that suicide rates among the elderly in many countries and in Israel, the case study for this paper, is higher than among other age groups in those countries.Loneliness itself, its ramifications, consequences, and implications on the lives of the elderly have made it a dominant factor in terms of its potential damage.Old age and loneliness have been the subjects of many different definitions, studies and theories, but despite the quantity and quality of these attempts worldwide, and particularly in Israeli research, there is a conspicuous lack of any comprehensive plan that would address the implications and destructive effects of the loneliness experienced by the elderly. Many limited-scale programs exist on a local level, but they fail to address the clear need to eradicate menacing loneliness.The authors of this essay plan to outline basic principles for designing an operational concept for a national plan to combat the consequences and effects of depression among the elderly, using Israel as an example.This paper will begin with a review of the definitions and literature on the phenomenon of depression, and a review of the literature dealing with the unhealthy connection between old age and depression. We will then review various programs worldwide that deal with the phenomenon of loneliness and old age; continue to present data on the effects of loneliness on elderly Israelis; present various Israeli programs and projects that attempt to deal with this phenomenon; and conclude by detailing the proposed principles for a comprehensive operational approach that maps out this painful phenomenon in Israel and proposes a plan of action on how to best deal with it.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SUICIDAL TRENDS IN INDIA FROM 2014 TO 2018: A RETROSPECTIVE APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
Chitra Jangid ◽  
Suryapratap Ray
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
One Year ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Indian Penal Code

One of the major issues that we can observe as a trend; also, the constituent considers it as a criminal act is “SUICIDE”. The scope of this research covers the statistical analysis of the recent trends in suicidal activity in various states of India. Section 306 of IPC (Indian Penal Code) covers this crime and states “Whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any such activity towards the commission of suicide, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or ne or both”. Although various governmental and non-governmental organisations continuously spreading awareness among people, but various reasons still dominating to result such crime to be happened. Following analysis is based on age groups, gender and region wise comparison to reveal the stats in the near past. This can be helpful for various studies further and can give an Idea regarding the act.

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