scholarly journals The male sterility-associated pcf gene and the normal atp9-1 gene in Petunia are located on different mitochondrial DNA molecules.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 885-895
Author(s):  
O Folkerts ◽  
M R Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit Protein ◽  
Mtdna Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Functional Copy

Abstract A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region termed the S-pcf locus has previously been correlated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Petunia. In order to understand the relationship of the S-pcf locus to homologous sequences found elsewhere in mtDNAs of both CMS and fertile lines, the structure of the mitochondrial genome of CMS Petunia line 3688 was determined by cosmid walking. The S-pcf locus, which includes the only copies of genes for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3) and small ribosomal subunit protein 12 (rps12) was found to be located on a circular map of 396 kb, while a second almost identical circular map of 407 kb carries the only copies of the genes for 18S and 5S rRNA (rrn18 and rrn5), the only copy of a conserved unidentified gene (orf25), and the only known functional copy of atp9. Three different copies of a recombination repeat were found in six genomic environments, predicting sub-genomic circles of 277, 266 and 130 kb. The ratio of atp9 to S-pcf mtDNA sequences was approximately 1.5 to 1, indicating that sub-genomic molecules carrying these genes differ in abundance. Comparison of the mtDNA organization of the CMS line with that of the master circle of fertile Petunia line 3704 reveals numerous changes in order and orientation of ten different sectors.

scholarly journals Patterns of mating and mitochondrial DNA inheritance in the agaric Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
G May ◽  
J W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Mtdna Inheritance ◽  
Mtdna Evolution ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Inheritance

Abstract Patterns of mating and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance were investigated for the Basidiomycete, Coprinus cinereus in order to better understand the relationship of reproductive biology and mtDNA evolution in fungi. Results showed that the unique mating system of basidiomycetes can lead to the formation of mitochondrial mosaics (i.e., colonies composed of sectors differing in mtDNA). Mitochondria do not migrate along with nuclei during mating. Intracellular mixed or recombinant mtDNA molecules were not observed. Interestingly, it was found that mating asymmetry, caused by nonreciprocal nuclear migration, may be an important part of the reproductive biology of C. cinereus.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA and disease: What happens when things go wrong

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Anthony Schapira
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Environmental Toxins ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Cellular Biochemistry ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Mitochondria are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and one of their important functions is to provide ATP via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mitochondria also host other biochemical pathways, including -oxidation, Krebs' citric acid cycle and parts of the urea cycle. Thus, the mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular biochemistry. The relationship of mitochondria to human disease has been identified only recently, but has now become one of the most rapidly expanding areas of human pathology. Mitochondrial disorders may be a consequence of inherited defects of either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes or, alternatively, may be due to endogenous or exogenous environmental toxins. This article will focus upon abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and human disease.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of Rasbora spp. Based on the Mitochondrial DNA COI gene in Harapan Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ahmad Subari ◽  
Abdul Razak ◽  
Ramadhan Sumarmin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Lowland Tropical Forest ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Harapan forest is the remaining lowland tropical forest in Sumatra which represents about 20 percent of the biodiversity on the island of Sumatra. There are several Rasbora species found in the Sungai Kapas Tengah River Refuge in the Harapan Jambi Forest that the relationship is not yet known.This research aims to know kinship and genetic distance several species of Rasbora from Sungai Kapas Tengah, Hutan Harapan Jambi. The method in this research using secondary data from the NCBI website ((National Center for Biotechnology Information). The data taken, namelynucleotide sequence from the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene in mitochondrial DNA. The Rasbora species analyzed were Rasbora from identification results in the Sungai Kapas Tengah River Refuge, Harapan Jambi Forest, consisting of, Rasbora bankanensis, R. caudimaculata, R. cf. sumatrana, R. dusonensis, R. elegans, R. sumatrana, and R. trilineata. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the location of the branch length in each Rasbora species, the closest kinship is owned byR. sumatrana and R. elegans species. Based on the results of genetic distance analysis, the closest genetic distance was the species R. elegans and R. sumatrana, with a distance value of 0.023 (2.3%). While the farthest genetic distance between R. bankanensis and R. caudimaculata, with a distance value of 0.172 (17.2%).Based on research results It can be concluded that R. bankanensis has a greater kinship and genetic distance value than other Rasbora species, so that this species forms a separate group. Meanwhile, 5 other species have kinship and the value of close genetic distance so that these species are united in the same group. For future researchers, it is hoped that some additional families of fish species will be analyzed for phylogenetic analysis in Sungai Kapas, Hutan Harapan Jambi, so that they can find out the relationship of several other species.

High levels of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit protein 40 prevent loss of mitochondrial DNA in nullmmf1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

Yeast ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita Accardi ◽  
Ellinor Oxelmark ◽  
Nicolas Jauniaux ◽  
Vito de Pinto ◽  
Antonio Marchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Large Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Subunit Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit Protein

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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