Temporal patterns of gene expression in the antenna of the adult Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract The time course of gene expression in the adult fruit fly has been partially characterized by using enhancer trap and reporter gene constructs that mark 49 different genes. The relative intensity of the reporter protein in individual cells of the antennae was measured as a function of adult age. Most genes showed a graduated expression, and the intensity of expression had a reproducible and characteristic time course. Different genes displayed different temporal patterns of expression and more often than not the pattern of expression was complex. We found a number of genes having patterns that scaled with life span. In these cases the intensity of gene expression was found to be invariant with respect to biological time, when expressed as a fraction of the life span of the line. The scaling was observed even when life span was varied as much as threefold. Such scaling serves to (1) further demonstrate that deterministic mechanisms such as gene regulation act to generate the temporal patterns of expression seen during adult life, (2) indicate that control of these regulatory mechanisms is linked to life span, and (3) suggest mechanisms by which this control is accomplished. We have concluded that gene expression in the adult fly is often regulated in a fashion that allows for graduated expression over time, and that the regulation itself is changing throughout adult life according to some prescribed program or algorithm.

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Measurement Invariance of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale Across Age and Sex Across the Adult Life Span

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191119832660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 432-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Evangelia Argyriou ◽

Miji Um ◽

Wei Wu ◽

Melissa A. Cyders

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Adult Life ◽

Impulsive Behavior ◽

Adult Life Span ◽

Adult Age ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Behavior Scale ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Age And Sex

Impulsive personality is a widely used construct for the prediction of multiple clinical problems; however, research has often disregarded important differences in its conceptualization and measurement across age and sex. The goals of this article are to test the invariance of, to compare mean differences in, and to examine the differential validity of the Urgency (negative), Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, with added subscale of Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behavior Scale across adult age and sex. The data for this study were obtained from 799 participants in the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland Sample. Multigroup invariance analysis indicated full invariance of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale across age and sex. However, invariance analysis as a function of age using Multiple-Indicators Multiple-Causes modeling identified three items with differential item functioning. Sensation Seeking was higher in males and lower as age increased. In general, age and sex did not moderate the relationships between UPPS-P traits and risk-taking behaviors, with the exception of cannabis use. Overall, the results of this study support that the UPPS-P scale can be validly used to assess and compare impulsive personality across the adult life span and sex. We suggest the removal of Items 5, 28, and 51 when using the UPPS-P with older adults to be overly cautious to age invariance effects.

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Glutathione biosynthesis in the aging adult yellow-fever mosquito [Aedes aegypti (Louisville)]

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2100289 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 210 (2) ◽

pp. 289-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G A Hazelton ◽

C A Lang

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Life Span ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Time Course ◽

Adult Life ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽

Essential Information ◽

Glutathione Biosynthesis

Our previous findings [Hazelton & Lang (1978) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 37(6), 2378 (abstr.)] demonstrated a senescence-specific decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentration in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (Louisville)]. As a possible mechanism for this change, GSH biosynthesis was investigated in adult mosquitoes of different ages through the life-span. Biosynthesis was measured as the incorporation rate of [14C]glycine or [14C]cystine into glutathione. Essential information to validate the procedure was also obtained on the precursor-amino-acid pool sizes and kinetic parameters such as lag-time and time course of incorporation. Also, synthesis de novo rather than exchange was verified using buthionine sulphoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. The synthetic rates with either amino acid precursor varied throughout the adult life-span, but the patterns for both precursors were essentially identical. Biosynthesis was high in the newly emerged adult and decreased 62-70% (P less than 0.005) to a plateau during maturity. From the mature value there was a decrease of 36-41% (P less than 0.005) to a new plateau during senescence. Glutathione biosynthesis and concentration were correlated throughout maturity and senescence (r = 0.982) and thus biosynthesis was proportional to glutathione content. On this basis we concluded that impaired biosynthesis is the major and perhaps sole mechanism for the aging decrease in glutathione content.

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Induced Overexpression of Mitochondrial Mn-Superoxide Dismutase Extends the Life Span of Adult Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.2.661 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 661-672

Author(s):

Jingtao Sun ◽

Donna Folk ◽

Timothy J Bradley ◽

John Tower

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Life Span ◽

Adult Life ◽

Heat Pulse ◽

Maximum Life Span ◽

Adult Life Span ◽

Flp Recombinase ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Added Benefit ◽

Adult Drosophila

Abstract A transgenic system (“FLP-out”) based on yeast FLP recombinase allowed induced overexpression of MnSOD enzyme in adult Drosophila melanogaster. With FLP-out a brief heat pulse (HP) of young, adult flies triggered the rearrangement and subsequent expression of a MnSOD transgene throughout the adult life span. Control (no HP) and overexpressing (HP) flies had identical genetic backgrounds. The amount of MnSOD enzyme overexpression achieved varied among six independent transgenic lines, with increases up to 75%. Life span was increased in proportion to the increase in enzyme. Mean life span was increased by an average of 16%, with some lines showing 30-33% increases. Maximum life span was increased by an average of 15%, with one line showing as much as 37% increase. Simultaneous overexpression of catalase with MnSOD had no added benefit, consistent with previous observations that catalase is present in excess in the adult fly with regard to life span. Cu/ZnSOD overexpression also increases mean and maximum life span. For both MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD lines, increased life span was not associated with decreased metabolic activity, as measured by O2 consumption.

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Hierarchical Bayesian Neural Network for Gene Expression Temporal Patterns

Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.2202/1544-6115.1038 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yulan Liang ◽

Arpad G Kelemen

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Time Course ◽

Gene Array ◽

Temporal Patterns ◽

Support Vector ◽

Dynamic Feature ◽

Hierarchical Bayesian ◽

Temporal Data ◽

Bayesian Neural Network

There are several important issues to be addressed for gene expression temporal patterns' analysis: first, the correlation structure of multidimensional temporal data; second, the numerous sources of variations with existing high level noise; and last, gene expression mostly involves heterogeneous multiple dynamic patterns. We propose a Hierarchical Bayesian Neural Network model to account for the input correlations of time course gene array data. The variations in absolute gene expression levels and the noise can be estimated with the hierarchical Bayesian setting. The network parameters and the hyperparameters were simultaneously optimized with Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation. Results show that the proposed model and algorithm can well capture the dynamic feature of gene expression temporal patterns despite the high noise levels, the highly correlated inputs, the overwhelming interactions, and other complex features typically present in microarray data. We test and demonstrate the proposed models with yeast cell cycle temporal data sets. The model performance of Hierarchical Bayesian Neural Network was compared to other popular machine learning methods such as Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Self Organized Map.

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Looking at the Sunny Side of Life

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01988.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 838-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Michael A. Kisley ◽

Stacey Wood ◽

Christina L. Burrows

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Time Course ◽

Adult Life ◽

Negative Information ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Negativity Bias ◽

Positive Information ◽

Positivity Effect ◽

Age Related ◽

Wide Range

Studies of the negativity bias have demonstrated that negative information has a stronger influence than positive information in a wide range of cognitive domains. At odds with this literature is extensive work now documenting emotional and motivational shifts that result in a positivity effect in older adults. It remains unclear, however, whether this age-related positivity effect results from increases in processing of positive information or from decreases in processing of negative information. Also unknown is the specific time course of development from a negative bias to an apparently positive one. The present study was designed to investigate the negativity bias across the life span using an event-related potential measure of responding to emotionally valenced images. The results suggest that neural reactivity to negative images declines linearly with age, but responding to positive images is surprisingly age invariant across most of the adult life span.

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Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Disruption in Mature-Adult Mice Improves Glucose Metabolism and Lifespan in Females

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A445-A446

Author(s):

Silvana Duran-Ortiz ◽

Edward O List ◽

Stephen Bell ◽

Reetobrata Basu ◽

Jonathan Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Life Span ◽

Gene Disruption ◽

Adult Life ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Male And Female ◽

Adult Age ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Ghr Gene

Abstract Growth hormone (GH) serves an important role in early and adult life. Reduction of GH action has been shown to increase life span in many species of animals. In fact, mice bearing a congenital disruption of GH receptor (GHR) gene (GHRKO) hold the record for the longest-lived laboratory mice. In addition to extended life span, these mice show improved health with lower rates of cancer, increased insulin sensitivity, and resistance to age-associated cognitive decline. Furthermore, humans with decreased GH action due to inactivating mutations in the GHR (Laron Syndrome patients) are resistant to cancer and diabetes. Even though the beneficial effects of congenital Ghr gene disruption are well studied, the consequences of postnatal disruption of GH action were unknown. Previously our laboratory generated a mouse line with disrupted GH action at 1.5 months of age (1.5mGHRKO mice). Results showed that these mice had improved insulin sensitivity and increased maximal lifespan only in females, yet growth retardation was still present. To consider decreased GH action as a possible therapeutic to extend healthy lifespan, it was imperative to elucidate the effects of disrupting Ghr gene at a mature-adult age, well after the developmental and growth period of the mice. To this end, we hypothesized that removal of GH action in adult life would convey some of the same health and life span benefits seen in the GHRKO mice without the reduced body length. To test this hypothesis, we used the cre-lox system to generate mice with a disrupted Ghr gene at a mature-adult age (6 months), referred as 6mGHRKO mice. We then performed a phenotypic and lifespan characterization, and tested for molecular mechanisms known to be associated with extended longevity, namely oxidative stress resistance and mTOR modulation. We found that similar to GHRKO and 1.5mGHRKO mice, disruption of GHR at 6 months of age resulted in mice with increased adipose tissue mass, decreased lean mass, high circulating GH, but decreased insulin growth factor-1 levels compared to control mice. Furthermore, the 6mGHRKO mice displayed significantly improved insulin sensitivity in males, with no changes in glucose tolerance. Also, serum levels of inflammatory markers and liver triglycerides were unchanged in these mice. Experiments to evaluate the status of oxidative damage and mTOR activation in liver, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of male and female 6mGHRKO mice showed a tissue-specificity and sexual dimorphism in these results. Importantly, male and female 6mGHRKO mice showed no change in body length, but mean, median and maximal lifespan were significantly extended in females. In conclusion, disruption of GH action well past sexual maturation produces beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and aging in mice. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the State of Ohio’s Eminent Scholar Program, by NIH grant AG059779 and by the AMVETS.

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Regulation of gene expression is linked to life span in adult Drosophila.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/141.3.1043 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 141 (3) ◽

pp. 1043-1048 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B Rogina ◽

S L Helfand

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Life Span ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Adult Animal ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Direct Proportion ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Shorten Life Span ◽

Adult Drosophila

Abstract Examination of gene expression and aging in adult Drosophila reveals that the expression of some genes is regulated by age-dependent mechanisms. Genetic mutations, Hyperkinetic and Shaker, which are known to shorten life span through an acceleration of the aging process, were used to study the expression of an enhancer trap marked gene. The temporal pattern of expression for such a marked gene shows scaling with respect to life span; it is altered in direct proportion to the life expectancy of the adult animal. This demonstrates that expression of this gene is controlled through mechanisms coupled to physiologic as opposed to chronologic age. Results provide direct evidence for linkage between the regulation of gene expression and life span and establish a model system for the genetic analysis of aging.

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