scholarly journals Cosegregation of Single Genes Associated with Fertility Restoration and Transcript Processing of Sorghum Mitochondrial orf107 and urf209

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang V Tang ◽  
Ruying Chang ◽  
Daryl R Pring
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transcript Processing ◽  
Backcross Populations

Abstract Defective nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions leading to aberrant microgametogenesis in sorghum carrying the IS1112C male-sterile cytoplasm occur very late in pollen maturation. Amelioration of this condition, the restoration of pollen viability, involves a novel two-gene gametophytic system, wherein genes designated Rf3 and Rf4 are required for viability of individual gametes. Rf3 is tightly linked to, or represents, a single gene that regulates a transcript processing activity that cleaves transcriptsof orf107, a chimeric mitochondrial open reading frame specific to IS1112C. The mitochondrial gene urf 209 is also subject to nucleus-specific enhanced transcript processing, 5′ to the gene, conferred by a single dominant gene designated Mmt1. Examinations of transcript patterns in F2 and two backcross populations indicated cosegregation of the augmented orf107 and urf209 processing activities in IS1112C. Several sorghum lines that do not restore fertility or confer orf107 transcript processing do exhibit urf209 transcript processing, indicating that the activities are distinguishable. We conclude that the nuclear gene(s) conferring enhanced orf107 and urf209 processing activities are tightly linked in IS1112C. Alternatively, the similarity in apparent regulatory action of the genes may indicate allelic differences wherein the IS1112C Rf3 allele may differ from alleles of maintainer lines by the capability to regulate both orf107 and urf209 processing activities.

scholarly journals Development and Fertility Restoration of CMS Eggplant Lines Carrying the Cytoplasm of Solanum violaceum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Konstantinos S. Krommydas ◽  
Zisis Tzikalios ◽  
Panagiotis Madesis ◽  
Fotios A. Bletsos ◽  
Athanasios Mavromatis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
The Past ◽  
Backcross Populations

<p>A functional cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) eggplant line carrying the cytoplasm of <em>Solanum violaceum</em> was developed in the past, but the fertility restoring genes (<em>Rf</em>-genes) were not identified. This work aimed to produce the CMS lines of three Hellenic eggplant cultivars (viz., ‘Langada’, ‘Emi’ and ‘Tsakoniki’) using the cytoplasm of <em>S. violaceum</em> and study the inheritance of the <em>Rf</em>-genes. The respective CMS eggplant lines were developed by the backcross method and examined for their fertility parameters. The results demonstrated that female fertility was not affected by the cytoplasm of <em>S. violaceum</em>. In contrast, the occurrence of three male fertility phenotypes (male sterile, male fertile and potentially male fertile) indicated that male fertility was affected by nuclear/cytoplasmic interactions. Male sterile plants were characterized by indehiscent anthers, low pollen viability and abnormal anther morphology. Male fertile plants formed dehiscent anthers with high pollen viability and normal morphology. Potentially male fertile plants initially formed dehiscent anthers, but in later stages formed exclusively indehiscent anthers. Male fertile plants were obtained in the advanced backcross populations of CMS ‘Tsakoniki’, but not in CMS ‘Langada’ and CMS ‘Emi’. The genetic analysis of fertility restoration indicated that male fertility in the genetic background of cv. ‘Tsakoniki’ is controlled by one essential genetic locus, affected by a secondary modifying locus. Molecular analysis of cp-DNA and mt-DNA in the CMS lines indicated maternal inheritance of the cytoplasm organelles. Our findings demonstrate that the genotype of the eggplant parent can affect the expression of CMS as well as fertility restoration.</p>

scholarly journals Genetics Analysis of Rf Gene in Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar N. ◽  
Vinod K. Sharma ◽  
V. R. Sharma ◽  
Ajay K Pandav
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
F1 Hybrid

The inability to develop functional pollen is caused by cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a maternally inherited trait. Restorer-of-fertility (Rf), a nuclear gene, could cause normal pollen production in CMS plants, resulting in fertility in the plant. This paper aimed to study the inheritance of restoration of fertility traits in both Sweet pepper and Hot pepper. The study was conducted in the Indian agricultural research institute, Katrain regional station, India. Genetic analysis of fertility restoration was performed on the progeny of chilli and sweet pepper. KTCA 5 (cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line-Sweet pepper), KTCA 10 (cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line-Sweet pepper. F2 segregation population and back cross BC1 population obtained from an F1 hybrid between KTCR 15 (a fertility restorer line).  The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed under open field conditions using pollen related criteria.  The fertility restoration trait segregated in 3:1 and 1:1 F2 segregation populations and backcrossed BC1 populations respectively in both Sweet Pepper and Hot pepper backgrounds. This indicates single dominant gene inheritance of the Rfgene. There is no effect of CMS background on the restoration trait inheritance.

scholarly journals Rf8 and Rf* Mediate Unique T-urf13-Transcript Accumulation, Revealing a Conserved Motif Associated With RNA Processing and Restoration of Pollen Fertility in T-Cytoplasm Maize

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1367-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carren L Dill ◽  
Roger P Wise ◽  
Patrick S Schnable
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Conserved Motif ◽  
Maize Germplasm

Rf8 is a newly described nuclear gene that can substitute for Rf1 to partially restore pollen fertility to male-sterile, T-cytoplasm maize. Families segregating for Rf8 were used to investigate the mechanism of this fertility restoration and to compare it to the restoration conditioned by Rf1. Although Rf8 is unlinked to the rf1 locus, it also alters T-urf13 mitochondrial transcript accumulation and reduces the accumulation of the URF13 protein. Like the 1.6- and 0.6-kilobase (kb) T-urf13 transcripts that accumulate in T-cytoplasm plants carrying Rf1, 1.42- and 0.42-kb transcripts accumulate in plants that are partially restored by Rf8. A survey of T-cytoplasm maize lines, inbreds, and F1 hybrids by mitochondrial RNA gel blot analyses revealed that Rf8, is rare in maize germplasm. These surveys revealed the presence of another rare, weak restorer factor, Rf*, which is uniquely associated with the accumulation of 1.4- and 0.4-kb T-urf13 transcripts. Primer extension analyses position the 5′ termini of the 1.42/0.42-kb and 1.4/0.4-kb transcripts at +137 and +159 nucleotides, respectively, 3′ of the AUG initiation codon of the T-urf13 reading frame. The conserved motif, 5′-CNACNNU-3′, overlaps the 5′ termini of the Rf1-, Rf8-, and Rf*-associated transcripts and the 380 nucleotide, Rf3-associated orf107 transcript from cytoplasmic male sterility sorghum. These results demonstrate that multiple unlinked, nuclear genes can have similar but distinct effects on the expression of the unique T-urf13 mitochondrial coding sequence to restore pollen fertility to T-cytoplasm maize.

scholarly journals Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male-sterile sorghum

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang V. Tang ◽  
Daryl R. Pring ◽  
Lynn C. Shaw ◽  
Reggie A. Salazar ◽  
Figuhr R. Muza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transcript Processing

scholarly journals A nuclear gene modifying instability of fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male sterile rice

1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Sano ◽  
Mitsugu Eiguchi ◽  
Hiro-Yuki Hirano ◽  
Masa-Aki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Gametic Selection ◽  
Partial Fertility

SummaryThe present study was carried out to examine the genetic mechanism responsible for reversions to fertile phenotype detected in cytoplasmic male-sterile plants of rice. The cms-bo cytoplasm of Chinsurah boro II gave rise to male-sterility in plants without a gametophytic restorer gene (Rf1). Taichung 65 (T65A) was known to be the maintainer which carries no restorer; however, Taichun 65 preserved in our laboratory (T65B) showed partial fertility (about 8% seed set) when crossed with the male-sterile plants. Unexpectedly, the seed fertility gradually increased with repeated selfings and almost fully fertile plants were obtained in the F6 generation. The cytoplasmic substitution lines revealed that reversions to fertile phenotype resulted from mutational events at the nuclear level. The genetic experiments indicated that the partial fertility observed in the F1 hybrid was controlled by a dominant gene, Ifr1, which was carried by T65B. The results obtained suggested that Ifr1 itself was associated with instability of fertility restoration in the presence of cms-bo cytoplasm since partially fertile plants carrying Ifr1 always showed a tendency for gradual increase in fertility in the later generations. The results are also discussed in relation to a rapid genetic change through intensified gametic selection combined with instability.

scholarly journals INHERITANCE OF FERTILITY RESTORATION INVOLVING WILD ABORTIVE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY SYSTEM IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
M. J. Hasan ◽  
M. U. Kulsum ◽  
A. Ansari ◽  
A. K. Paul ◽  
P. L. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line

Inheritance of fertility restoration was studied in crosses involving ten elite restorer lines of rice viz. BR6839-41-5-1R, BR7013-62-1-1R, BR7011-37-1-2R, BR10R, BR11R, BR12R, BR13R, BR14R, BR15R and BR16R and one male sterile line Jin23A with WA sources of cytoplasmic male sterility. The segregation pattern for pollen fertility of F2 and BC1 populations of crosses involving Jin23A indicated the presence of two independent dominant fertility restoring genes. The mode of action of the two genes varied in different crosses revealing three types of interaction, i.e. epistasis with dominant gene action, epistasis with recessive gene action, and epistasis with incomplete dominance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i1.16997

scholarly journals The Molecular Phylogeny of the New Zealand Endemic Genus Hadramphus and the Revival of the Genus Karocolens

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Emily Fountain ◽  
Robert Cruickshank ◽  
Adrian Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Coalescent Approach ◽  
Systematic Relationships

The delineation of species is important to the fields of evolution, ecology and conservation. The use of only a single line of evidence, e.g., morphology or a single gene sequence, may underestimate or overestimate the level of diversity within a taxon. This problem often occurs when organisms are morphologically similar but genetically different, i.e., for cryptic species. The Hadramphus genus contains four endangered, morphologically similar species of weevils, each endemic to a specific New Zealand region (Hadramphus spinipennis Chatham Islands, H. stilbocarpae Fiordland, H. tuberculatus McKenzie Country, H. pittospori Poor Knights Islands). The systematic relationships among these species are unclear. We used samples from these species and a closely related genus, Lyperobius huttoni, to obtain data from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear gene internal transcribe spacer 2. In addition to the multi-locus coalescent approach, we modelled morphological characteristics combined with the genetic data. We found that H. spinipennis, H. tuberculatus and H. stilbocarpae were a closely related clade. Despite a strong morphological similarity, Hadramphus pittospori was found to be genetically distinct from the other Hadramphus species, which supports the resurrection of the monotypic genus Karocolens for this species.

scholarly journals Pollen fertility restoration by nuclear gene Fr in CMS bean: nuclear-directed alteration of a mitochondrial population.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
S He ◽  
A Lyznik ◽  
S Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Mitochondrial Population ◽  
Genetic Cross ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract Two nuclear genes, Fr and Fr2, have been identified that restore pollen fertility to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by apparently distinct mechanisms. Whereas Fr2 appears to suppress the expression of a male sterility associated mitochondrial sequence (designated pvs), Fr restores pollen fertility by causing the elimination of this unusual mitochondrial DNA-segment. To further investigate the mechanism of Fr action, Fr and Fr2 were cointroduced into the nucleus of a bean line containing the sterility inducing cytoplasm. When the effect of pvs was suppressed by Fr2, the presence of Fr no longer directed the elimination of the mitochondrial pvs sequence. This result suggests that the Fr function is dependent on proper expression of the pvs sequence. To evaluate the temporal and spatial patterns of Fr action, we undertook a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to trace the fate of the pvs sequence in different tissues of F2 and F3 fertile-restored plants derived from a genetic cross between a cytoplasmic male sterile line of common bean, CMS-Sprite (frfr), and fertility restorer line R351 (FrFr). We demonstrate that the Fr-directed disappearance of pvs sequence occurs during flower development. Elimination of the pvs sequence from developing megaspores results in permanent fertility restoration in the following generations. Genetic analysis demonstrated that permanent fertility restoration, that is, the complete elimination of pvs from reproductive tissues requires two doses of the Fr allele or the absence of fr in F2 individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Unusual mitochondrial genome organization in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean and the nature of cytoplasmic reversion to fertility.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Janska ◽  
S A Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Fertile Revertant

Abstract Spontaneous reversion to pollen fertility and fertility restoration by the nuclear gene Fr in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are associated with the loss of a large portion of the mitochondrial genome. To understand better the molecular events responsible for this DNA loss, we have constructed a physical map of the mitochondrial genome of a stable fertile revertant line, WPR-3, and the cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS-Sprite) from which it was derived. This involved a cosmid clone walking strategy with comparative DNA gel blot hybridizations. Mapping data suggested that the simplest model for the structure of the CMS-Sprite genome consists of three autonomous chromosomes differing only in short, unique regions. The unique region contained on one of these chromosomes is the male sterility-associated 3-kb sequence designated pvs. Based on genomic environments surrounding repeated sequences, we predict that chromosomes can undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. The mitochondrial genome of the revertant line appeared to contain only two of the three chromosomes; the region containing the pvs sequence was absent. Therefore, the process of spontaneous cytoplasmic reversion to fertility likely involves the disappearance of an entire mitochondrial chromosome. This model is supported by the fact that we detected no evidence of recombination, excision or deletion events within the revertant genome that could account for the loss of a large segment of mitochondrial DNA.

scholarly journals Resynthesis of new R lines in Brassica napus L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-540
Author(s):  
MA Miah ◽  
MG Rasul ◽  
MAK Mian
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
First Case ◽  
F2 Generation

Identification of male fertility restorer genotypes for rapeseed CMS lines towards hybrid development in spring habit rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) adapted for short day winter season was studied. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm and laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during October, 2008 to March, 2011. An exotic CMS-based F1 hybrid of rapeseed was selfed to get F2 generation with a view to resynthesizing restorer line. As a result a restorer line for Nap248A Z1 and Nap248A Z2 cytoplasmic male sterile lines was identified in the F3 generation of the exotic F1 rapeseed hybrid which appears as the first case so far reported as achievement in Bangladesh in this regard. Genetic analysis further revealed fertility restoration for Nap248A Z1 and Nap248A Z2 cytoplasmic male sterility was controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene as a simple genetic phenomenon.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 529-540, September 2016

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