scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Analysis of the acrB Gene of Aspergillus nidulans: A Gene Identified by Genetic Interaction As a Component of the Regulatory Network That Includes the CreB Deubiquitination Enzyme

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A Boase ◽  
Robin A Lockington ◽  
Julian R J Adams ◽  
Louise Rodbourn ◽  
Joan M Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Coiled Coil Region ◽  
Novel Protein

Abstract Mutations in the acrB gene, which were originally selected through their resistance to acriflavine, also result in reduced growth on a range of sole carbon sources, including fructose, cellobiose, raffinose, and starch, and reduced utilization of ω-amino acids, including GABA and β-alanine, as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. The acrB2 mutation suppresses the phenotypic effects of mutations in the creB gene that encodes a regulatory deubiquitinating enzyme, and in the creC gene that encodes a WD40-repeat-containing protein. Thus AcrB interacts with a regulatory network controlling carbon source utilization that involves ubiquitination and deubiquitination. The acrB gene was cloned and physically analyzed, and it encodes a novel protein that contains three putative transmembrane domains and a coiled-coil region. AcrB may play a role in the ubiquitination aspect of this regulatory network.

scholarly journals β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽  
Ryhára Dias Batista ◽  
Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of EMILIN-2, a New Component of the Growing EMILINs Family and a Member of the EMI Domain-containing Superfamily

2001 ◽  
Vol 276 (15) ◽  
pp. 12003-12011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Doliana ◽  
Simonetta Bot ◽  
Gabriella Mungiguerra ◽  
Anna Canton ◽  
Stefano Paron Cilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Coiled Coil Region ◽  
Novel Protein

EMILIN (elastinmicrofibrilinterfaselocated Protein) is an elastic fiber-associated glycoprotein consisting of a self-interacting globular C1q domain at the C terminus, a short collagenous stalk, an extended region of potential coiled-coil structure, and an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (EMI domain). Using the globular C1q domain as a bait in the yeast two-hybrid system, we have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel protein. Determination of the entire primary structure demonstrated that this EMILIN-binding polypeptide is highly homologous to EMILIN. The domain organization is superimposable, one important difference being a proline-rich (41%) segment of 56 residues between the potential coiled-coil region and the collagenous domain absent in EMILIN. The entire gene (localized on chromosome 18p11.3) was isolated from a BAC clone, and it is structurally almost identical to that of EMILIN (8 exons, 7 introns with identical phases at the exon/intron boundaries) but much larger (about 40versus8 kilobases) than that of EMILIN. Given these findings we propose to name the novel protein EMILIN-2 and the prototype member of this family EMILIN-1 (formerly EMILIN). The mRNA expression of EMILIN-2 is more restricted compared with that of EMILIN-1; highest levels are present in fetal heart and adult lung, whereas, differently from EMILIN-1, adult aorta, small intestine, and appendix show very low expression, and adult uterus and fetal kidney are negative. Finally, the EMILIN-2 protein is secreted extracellularly byin vitro-grown cells, and in accordance with the partial coexpression in fetal and adult tissues, the two proteins shown extensive but not absolute immunocolocalizationin vitro.

scholarly journals Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Different Sources

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ECTOINE BY A HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM CAN GIO MANGROVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Doan Van Thuoc ◽  
Tran Thi Hien
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Growth Optimum ◽  
Fed Batch Fermentation ◽  
Can Gio Mangrove

The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of producer strain was investigated. Sucrose and glucose were found to be suitable carbon sources, and monosodium glutamate was favorable nitrogen source for bacterial cell growth. Optimum salt concentrations for bacterial growth was ranged from 4 to 6%, whereas, NaCl concentrations from 12 to 15% found to be good for ectoine accumulation. Two-step fed-batch fermentation was then designed, biomass and ectoine content were significant increased, maximum CDW of 25 g/l and ectoine content of 10.3% were obtained. 

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and Use of This Strain in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3368-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Struthers ◽  
K. Jayachandran ◽  
T. B. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

ABSTRACT We examined the ability of a soil bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a, to degrade the herbicide atrazine under a variety of cultural conditions, and we used this bacterium to increase the biodegradation of atrazine in soils from agricultural chemical distribution sites. J14a cells grown in nitrogen-free medium with citrate and sucrose as carbon sources mineralized 94% of 50 μg of [14C-U-ring]atrazine ml−1 in 72 h with a concurrent increase in the population size from 7.9 × 105 to 5.0 × 107 cells ml−1. Under these conditions cells mineralized the [ethyl-14C]atrazine and incorporated approximately 30% of the 14C into the J14a biomass. Cells grown in medium without additional carbon and nitrogen sources degraded atrazine, but the cell numbers did not increase. Metabolites produced by J14a during atrazine degradation include hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deethyl-hydroxyatrazine. The addition of 105 J14a cells g−1 into soil with a low indigenous population of atrazine degraders treated with 50 and 200 μg of atrazine g−1soil resulted in two to five times higher mineralization than in the noninoculated soil. Sucrose addition did not result in significantly faster mineralization rates or shorten degradation lag times. However, J14a introduction (105 cells g−1) into another soil with a larger indigenous atrazine-mineralizing population reduced the atrazine degradation lag times below those in noninoculated treatments but did not generally increase total atrazine mineralization.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

Nutritional and environmental factors affecting growth and sporulation of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Barnett ◽  
W. A. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Three of five isolates of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., grew well on an agar medium containing mineral salts, glucose, thiamine, and glutamine or Casamino acids as the nitrogen source. The nitrogen requirement for two of the isolates was satisfied by NH4Cl, Casamino acids, or glutamine. Glutamine was the best single nitrogen source. Only one isolate, CS-1, was used in further nutritional studies. The optimum concentration of glutamine for growth was 5 g/L. Glucose, mannose, mannitol, and cellobiose were excellent carbon sources. A glucose concentration of 20 g/L was optimum. Mannitol supported greater growth than glucose with Casamino acids as the nitrogen source but glucose was the superior carbon source with glutamine as the nitrogen source. Greatest growth was achieved with a combination of these carbon and nitrogen sources. Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, isolate CS-1, required thiamine for growth and sporulation. Biotin stimulated growth. The fungus developed maximally within the range of pH 5.0–5.5 and growth was greatly reduced at a pH below 4.0 or above 6.0. Control of acidity by the periodic addition of NaOH solution permitted substantially increased growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 22.5–25.0 °C but production of macroconidia was greatest at 15–20 °C.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria under Various Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Umesh Prasad Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Reduction Assay ◽  
Assay Methods

Nitrogenase activity was analysed after supplementation of various carbon and nitrogen sources in the growth medium by Acetylene Reduction Assay methods in selected 9 isolates from 74 diazotrophic isolates.  Enhancement in nitrogenase activity was recorded many fold by the addition of different organic carbon sources in which maltose and pyruvate showed better result than others. In case of supplementation of nitrogen sources, reduction of nitrogenase activity was observed.  Nitrogenase activity increased from 22.7 to 72.7% in various strains when they are tested in anaerobic condition, Amplification of fragment of 390 bp showed that nitrogenase activity due to presence of nifH gene.  Sequences were submitted to NCBI GeneBank and the accession number of nifH sequence of ECI-10A (FJ032023), AF-4B (FJ032024), AF-4C (FJ032022) and BN-2A (FJ032021) has been obtained. Phylogenetic analysis based on showed that these 4 isolates belong to the member of γ-proteobacteria, but show appreciable genetic diversity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i3.8607 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(3) 2013 : 110-117

scholarly journals Nutritional influences on Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fr.) Sing. growth in Puerto Rico. I. Carbon and nitrogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Ramón I. Torres ◽  
Paul R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
Nutritional Influences ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the growth of a Puerto Rican strain of the straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea on diverse carbon and nitrogen sources at variable carbon/nitrogen (c:n) ratios. Of the carbon sources (cornstarch, cellulose, maltose and lactose), cornstarch and cellulose supported the most vigorous growth. No growth was observed on lactose and maltose. Urea, sodium nitrate, peptone and casein were tested as nitrogen sources at C:N ratios of ∞:1, 60:1, 30:1 and 15:1 with cornstarch as the sole carbon source. The 60:1 C:N ratio stimulated faster growth. Nitrogen sources urea and sodium nitrate did not support growth. Organic nitrogen sources, casein and peptone, stimulated the growth of V. volvacea, with the faster growth on casein.

3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid biodegradation by the Edwardsiella tarda: Effect of Some Growth Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ali Alqudah ◽  
Waleed Jaafreh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Catechol 1,2 Dioxygenase ◽  
Degradation Ability

The biodegradation of 3,4-DiChlorobenzoic acid was investigated by using Edwardsiella tarda and it used 3,4-DCBA as sole carbon and energy source. Several concentrations of 3,4-D CBAs (1mM, 2mM ,3mM ,4mM and 5mM) were used. The highest rate of degradation of 3,4-D CBAs was obtained at a concentration (2mM). The experiments were included substrate concentration, temperature, pH, starvation, adaptation, carbon and nitrogen sources. The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on that substrate. The optimal temperature and pH for the bacteria were 42ºC and 7.5, respectively. Adaptation of the cells on 3,4-DCBA for 48 hours and cells starvation for 24 hours and 48 hours increasing the initial degradation rate. The carbon sources affected the 3,4 –DCBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources supplied (yeast extract, L-proline, casein, NH4, K-Nitrate, arginine, urea and glycine). Urea and casine caused a repression in 3,4-DCBA degradation. Catechol 1,2 dioxygenase activity was found to be present in cell free extracts suggesting that 3,4-DCBA is catabolized by ortho-ring cleavage pathway.

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