3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid biodegradation by the Edwardsiella tarda: Effect of Some Growth Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ali Alqudah ◽  
Waleed Jaafreh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Catechol 1,2 Dioxygenase ◽  
Degradation Ability

The biodegradation of 3,4-DiChlorobenzoic acid was investigated by using Edwardsiella tarda and it used 3,4-DCBA as sole carbon and energy source. Several concentrations of 3,4-D CBAs (1mM, 2mM ,3mM ,4mM and 5mM) were used. The highest rate of degradation of 3,4-D CBAs was obtained at a concentration (2mM). The experiments were included substrate concentration, temperature, pH, starvation, adaptation, carbon and nitrogen sources. The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on that substrate. The optimal temperature and pH for the bacteria were 42ºC and 7.5, respectively. Adaptation of the cells on 3,4-DCBA for 48 hours and cells starvation for 24 hours and 48 hours increasing the initial degradation rate. The carbon sources affected the 3,4 –DCBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources supplied (yeast extract, L-proline, casein, NH4, K-Nitrate, arginine, urea and glycine). Urea and casine caused a repression in 3,4-DCBA degradation. Catechol 1,2 dioxygenase activity was found to be present in cell free extracts suggesting that 3,4-DCBA is catabolized by ortho-ring cleavage pathway.

Biodegradation of Chlorobenzoic Acid Substitutes, Particularly, 2- Chlorobenzoic Acid by Aeromonas hydrophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Khaled Tarawneh ◽  
Farah AL-Quraishi ◽  
Haitham Qaralleh ◽  
Amjad Al Tarawneh ◽  
Muhamad Al-limoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid

Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) was isolated from the Petra Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent in southern Jordan. It was identified by using morphological and biochemical characteristics. A. hydrophila was found to be able of using chlorobenzoate compounds as carbon and energy source. These capabilities were with different biodegradation rates (4- chlorobenzoic acid 5µM/hr, 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid 15.5µM/hr, 2- chlorobenzoic acid 41µM/hr and 3- chlorobenzoic acid 65µM/hr). The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride, disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on these substrates. A. hydrophila dioxygenases physiologically induced by chlorobenzoic acid compounds, were analyzed for both ortho or meta ring-cleavage of these aromatic compounds. Only 1, 2-dioxygenase activity was detected which suggest that the cleavage is through the ortho pathway. The best results of degradation of 2-CBA compound were obtained with 3mM substrate concentration, 25ºC, pH 7and 200µl inoculum size. The carbon sources affected the 2-CBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources used reduced the degradation activity of the 2-CBA as well as in the chlorine release from 2-CBA. However, the nitrogen source L-proline had a slight enhancement effect on the biodegradation between the 40-80h.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTURE CONDITION ON ANTIOXIDANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM TURMERIC ROOT

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eris Septiana ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Antioxidant Compound ◽  
Initial Ph

Antioxidant is an interesting topic due to their capability to inhibit free radical and prevent damage because of oxidative processes. Endophyt fungi is one of antioxidant compound resources in nature. The low yield to gain antioxidant compound from fungi challenges to look for the composition of media and optimalization of growth conditions. This research aimed to know the effect of medium condition in different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as initial pH towards antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3. Shaker fermentation was used on 120 rpm at room temperature for 14 days. The carbon sources were glucose, sucrose, and starch and nitrogen sources were NaNO3, NH4NO3, and yeast extract with initial pH at 5, 7, and 9. Ethyl acetate was used as extractor. The results showed that endophyt fungi can produce secondary metabolite as antioxidant at all variation of fermented media. The nitrogen source of yeast extract could increase antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3, while other sources such as nitrogen source, carbon sources, and different initial pH on the basal medium that were used did not give increasing antioxidant activity. The conclusion of this research was the substitution of nitrogen source with yeast extract (3 g/L) on the basal medium Czapek Dox’s Broth could increase antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3.

Optimization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by halotolerant bacterial strains isolated from saline environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 4775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Fathima ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy*
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

PHB is a biodegradable plastic which is becoming an environmentally friendly substitute to the synthetic plastics that are persistent and accumulate in large amounts and are non-degradable. PHB is a class of Polyhydroxyalkanoate which are similar to commercial plastics like polypropylene but with an added advantage of being biodegradable. To overcome the problem of commercializing PHB production by microorganisms because of the high cost involved, Halotolerant organisms can be used as they are easier to cultivate and do not require strict sterile conditions. In this present study PHB producing halotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from a marine environment and cultivated under saline conditions. The growth conditions of the bacterial strains were optimized for maximum production of PHB. The parameters such as pH, temperature, NaCl concentration, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and carbon and nitrogen ratio were optimized and studied.  The growth conditions for each of the parameter were optimized and the PHB production was estimated for the bacterial strains under saline conditions. The optimum pH and temperature range yielded maximum PHB production of about 42 – 45 mg/100ml and 30 – 40 mg/100ml respectively. The perspective application of PHB could be in the medicinal field for manufacturing medical devices as implants for various surgeries such as dental, cranio – maxillofacial and dental surgeries. 

Growth Conditions of a Thermophilic Geobacillus sp. as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Kong
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The growth conditions of a Geobacillus sp. were investigated by single-factor experiments. The strain was strictly aerobic bacterium, and could grow on hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were 3.0% sucrose and 0.20% KNO3, respectively. The range of temperature, salinity and pH for the bacterial growth was 35-70 °C, 0-10% NaCl and 5.5-9.5, and good growth was obtained at 35-65 °C, 0.5-8% NaCl and 6.0-9.0, respectively. Particularly, the optimum temperature for the bacterial growth was between 50 °C and 60 °C. The strain had wide adaptability to the extreme conditions, and may be potentially applied to microbial enhanced oil recovery and oil-waste bioremediation technology.

scholarly journals β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽  
Ryhára Dias Batista ◽  
Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Different Sources

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ECTOINE BY A HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM CAN GIO MANGROVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Doan Van Thuoc ◽  
Tran Thi Hien
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Growth Optimum ◽  
Fed Batch Fermentation ◽  
Can Gio Mangrove

The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of producer strain was investigated. Sucrose and glucose were found to be suitable carbon sources, and monosodium glutamate was favorable nitrogen source for bacterial cell growth. Optimum salt concentrations for bacterial growth was ranged from 4 to 6%, whereas, NaCl concentrations from 12 to 15% found to be good for ectoine accumulation. Two-step fed-batch fermentation was then designed, biomass and ectoine content were significant increased, maximum CDW of 25 g/l and ectoine content of 10.3% were obtained. 

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and Use of This Strain in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3368-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Struthers ◽  
K. Jayachandran ◽  
T. B. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

ABSTRACT We examined the ability of a soil bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a, to degrade the herbicide atrazine under a variety of cultural conditions, and we used this bacterium to increase the biodegradation of atrazine in soils from agricultural chemical distribution sites. J14a cells grown in nitrogen-free medium with citrate and sucrose as carbon sources mineralized 94% of 50 μg of [14C-U-ring]atrazine ml−1 in 72 h with a concurrent increase in the population size from 7.9 × 105 to 5.0 × 107 cells ml−1. Under these conditions cells mineralized the [ethyl-14C]atrazine and incorporated approximately 30% of the 14C into the J14a biomass. Cells grown in medium without additional carbon and nitrogen sources degraded atrazine, but the cell numbers did not increase. Metabolites produced by J14a during atrazine degradation include hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deethyl-hydroxyatrazine. The addition of 105 J14a cells g−1 into soil with a low indigenous population of atrazine degraders treated with 50 and 200 μg of atrazine g−1soil resulted in two to five times higher mineralization than in the noninoculated soil. Sucrose addition did not result in significantly faster mineralization rates or shorten degradation lag times. However, J14a introduction (105 cells g−1) into another soil with a larger indigenous atrazine-mineralizing population reduced the atrazine degradation lag times below those in noninoculated treatments but did not generally increase total atrazine mineralization.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements for the Improvement of Growth and Sporulation of Several Strains ofMonascus purpureuson Solid State Cultivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ajdari ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimpour ◽  
Musaalbakri Abdul Manan ◽  
Muhajir Hamid ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Medium Optimization ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sporulation Rate

This paper describes the nutritional requirements for the improvement of growth and sporulation of several strains ofMonascus purpureuson solid state cultivation. The findings revealed that glucose enhanced growth of allM. purpureusstrains tested but inhibited the sporulation rate. On the other hand, sucrose induced sporulation but inhibited production of cell mass. A combination of glucose and sucrose greatly enhanced sporulation and cell mass production ofM. purpureus. Although growth and sporulation rate were related to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), the types and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources also greatly influenced the growth kinetics. Among the media tested, Hiroi-PDA medium was the most preferred medium for allM. purpureusstrains tested for the enhancement of radial growth rate, sporulation, and cell production. Hence, Hiroi-PDA could be suggested as the generic basal medium for the cultivation ofM. purpureus. However, individual medium optimization is required for significant enhancement in growth and sporulation of each strain ofM. purpureus.

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