scholarly journals β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽  
Ryhára Dias Batista ◽  
Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR MYCELIAL GROWTH OF Macrolepiota procera MUSHROOM

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Aysun Pekşen ◽  
Beyhan Kibar
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
The Public ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Macrolepiota Procera

Macrolepiota procera, commonly called the Parasol Mushroom, is a delicious mushroom collected from the nature and commonly consumed by the public in many regions of Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the optimum culture conditions (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources) for mycelial growth of M. procera. Three pH values (pH 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0), four incubation temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C), seven carbon (C) sources (dextrose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose and xylose) and six nitrogen (N) sources ((NH4)2HPO4, NH4NO3 and Ca(NO3)2, malt extract, peptone and yeast extract) were investigated. In the second step of the study, the effect of seven pH values (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0) on the mycelial colony diameter was examined at 20 and 25°C since these temperatures gave the best mycelial growth in the previously conducted temperature experiment. The best mycelial growth was determined at pH 6.0. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of M. procera was found as 25°C. The use of glucose as carbon source and yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen source in the culture medium gave the best results for mycelial growth. Determining of optimum culture conditions for mycelial growth of M. procera will provide important contributions to the fortcoming studies on it’s commercially cultivation in Turkey.

scholarly journals Yarrowia lipolyticaand Its Multiple Applications in the Biotechnological Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. G. Gonçalves ◽  
G. Colen ◽  
J. A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Yarrowia lipolyticais a nonpathogenic dimorphic aerobic yeast that stands out due to its ability to grow in hydrophobic environments. This property allowed this yeast to develop an ability to metabolize triglycerides and fatty acids as carbon sources. This feature enables using this species in the bioremediation of environments contaminated with oil spill. In addition,Y. lipolyticahas been calling the interest of researchers due to its huge biotechnological potential, associated with the production of several types of metabolites, such as bio-surfactants,γ-decalactone, citric acid, and intracellular lipids and lipase. The production of a metabolite rather than another is influenced by the growing conditions to whichY. lipolyticais subjected. The choice of carbon and nitrogen sources to be used, as well as their concentrations in the growth medium, and the careful determination of fermentation parameters, pH, temperature, and agitation (oxygenation), are essential for efficient metabolites production. This review discusses the biotechnological potential ofY. lipolyticaand the best growing conditions for production of some metabolites of biotechnological interest.

scholarly journals Optimization of Agrase Production by Alkaline Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZSL-2 Using Taguchi Experimental Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ziayoddin ◽  
Junna Lalitha ◽  
Manohar Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The culture conditions for the production of extracellular agarase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZSL-2 were optimized using One-Factor-At-A-Time combined with orthogonal array design. One-Factor-At-A-Time method investigates the effect of time, temperature, NaCl, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and pH on agarase production. The optimized culture conditions obtained from the statistical analysis were temperature of 30 °C, pH 8.5, NH4NO3 2 g L-1 and agar 3 g L-1. The L9 orthogonal array design was used to select the fermentation parameters influencing the yield of agarase. The order of the factors affecting the fermentation process was found to be NH4NO3 > pH > agar > temperature, with temperature playing a significant role on the agarase production (p < 0.10). The higher yields than those in basal media culture were obtained in the final optimized medium with activity of 0.439 ± 0.013 U ml-1. Extracellular agarase hydrolysed agar into a range of oligosaccharides which were analysed by LC-ESI-MS spectrometry as anhydrogalactose, galactose, agarobiose, agarotetrose and agarohexaose.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTURE CONDITION ON ANTIOXIDANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM TURMERIC ROOT

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eris Septiana ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Antioxidant Compound ◽  
Initial Ph

Antioxidant is an interesting topic due to their capability to inhibit free radical and prevent damage because of oxidative processes. Endophyt fungi is one of antioxidant compound resources in nature. The low yield to gain antioxidant compound from fungi challenges to look for the composition of media and optimalization of growth conditions. This research aimed to know the effect of medium condition in different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as initial pH towards antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3. Shaker fermentation was used on 120 rpm at room temperature for 14 days. The carbon sources were glucose, sucrose, and starch and nitrogen sources were NaNO3, NH4NO3, and yeast extract with initial pH at 5, 7, and 9. Ethyl acetate was used as extractor. The results showed that endophyt fungi can produce secondary metabolite as antioxidant at all variation of fermented media. The nitrogen source of yeast extract could increase antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3, while other sources such as nitrogen source, carbon sources, and different initial pH on the basal medium that were used did not give increasing antioxidant activity. The conclusion of this research was the substitution of nitrogen source with yeast extract (3 g/L) on the basal medium Czapek Dox’s Broth could increase antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3.

scholarly journals Factorial Design to Optimize Biosurfactant Production byYarrowia lipolytica

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizele Cardoso Fontes ◽  
Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral ◽  
Marcio Nele ◽  
Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Full Factorial

In order to improve biosurfactant production byYarrowia lipolyticaIMUFRJ 50682, a factorial design was carried out. A24full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, and peptone) on maximum variation of surface tension (ΔST) and emulsification index (EI). The best results (67.7% of EI and 20.9 mNm−1ofΔST) were obtained in a medium composed of 10 g 1−1of ammonium sulfate and 0.5 g 1−1of yeast extract. Then, the effects of carbon sources (glycerol, hexadecane, olive oil, and glucose) were evaluated. The most favorable medium for biosurfactant production was composed of both glucose (4% w/v) and glycerol (2% w/v), which provided an EI of 81.3% and aΔST of 19.5 mN m−1. The experimental design optimization enhancedΔEI by 110.7% andΔST by 108.1% in relation to the standard process.

scholarly journals Formulation of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flasks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng ◽  
Yen-Peng Ting
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Shake Flasks

Microbes for environmental research should be cultured in growth media with characteristics (e.g., pH, ionic strength, and organic and ionic composition) as close to their original habitat as possible. Additionally, the medium should also enable high cell density to be obtained - needed for providing sufficient cells in subsequent experiments. This in-progress report describes the formulation of a medium with an environmentally-relevant composition (lack of complex organics), and that allows aerobic high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α in shake flasks. The formulated medium comprises four components: a buffer system (K2HPO4: 12.54 g/L and KH2PO4: 2.31 g/L), vitamins (yeast extract: 12.0 g/L), salts (NaCl: 5.0 g/L and MgSO4: 0.24 g/L), and carbon and nitrogen sources (D-Glucose: 6.0 g/L and NH4Cl: 1.5 g/L). Notable characteristics of this medium were: high capacity phosphate buffer system (89 mM phosphate); 1:1 molar ratio between D-Glucose and NH4Cl; and yeast extract providing trace elements and a secondary carbon and nitrogen source. Growth experiments revealed that an OD600nm of 9 was attained after 24 hours of cultivation at 37 oC. Glucose and NH4Cl serve as primary carbon and nitrogen sources for this phase of growth. After 48 hours, the OD600nm reached 11, where carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in yeast extract provided the nutrients for biomass formation. Broth’s pH varied between 5.5 and 7.8 during cultivation, which was in the range conducive for E. coli growth. In comparison, the OD600nm of E. coli reached 1.4, 3.2, and 9.2 in three commonly used complex media; Nutrient Broth, LB Lennox, and Tryptic Soy Broth, respectively, over 48 hours under identical culture conditions. In addition, the formulated medium was able to maintain a large viable cell population for a longer period of time (three days) compared to Tryptic Soy Broth. Thus, preliminary data suggested that the formulated medium holds potential for use as a high cell density aerobic growth medium for Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Putative metabolic pathway for the bioproduction of bikaverin and intermediates thereof in the wild Fusarium oxysporum LCP531 strain

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Lebeau ◽  
Thomas Petit ◽  
Laurent Dufossé ◽  
Yanis Caro
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses

AbstractFungal naphthoquinones, like red bikaverin, are of interest due to their growing applications in designing pharmaceutical products. Though considerable work has been done on the elucidation of bikaverin biosynthesis pathway in Fusarium fujikuroi, very few reports are available regarding its bioproduction in F. oxysporum. We are hereby proposing a putative metabolic pathway for bikaverin bioproduction in a wild F. oxysporum strain by cross-linking the pigment profiles we obtained under two different fermentation conditions with literature. Naphthoquinone pigments were extracted with a pressurized liquid extraction method, and characterized by HPLC–DAD and UHPLC-HRMS. The results led to the conclusions that the F. oxysporum LCP531 strain was able to produce bikaverin and its various intermediates, e.g., pre-bikaverin, oxo-pre-bikaverin, dinor-bikaverin, me-oxo-pre-bikaverin, and nor-bikaverin, in submerged cultures in various proportions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of these five bikaverin intermediates from F. oxysporum cultures, providing us with steady clues for confirming a bikaverin metabolic pathway as well as some of its regulatory patterns in the F. oxysporum LCP531 strain, based on the previously reported model in F. fujikuroi. Interestingly, norbikaverin accumulated along with bikaverin in mycelial cells when the strain grew on simple carbon and nitrogen sources and additional cofactors. Along bikaverin production, we were able to describe the excretion of the toxin beauvericin as main extrolite exclusively in liquid medium containing complex nitrogen and carbon sources, as well as the isolation of ergosterol derivate in mycelial extracts, which have potential for pharmaceutical uses. Therefore, culture conditions were also concluded to trigger some specific biosynthetic route favoring various metabolites of interest. Such observation is of great significance for selective production of pigments and/or prevention of occurrence of others (aka mycotoxins).

scholarly journals Improved Cordycepin Production by Cordyceps militaris KYL05 Using Casein Hydrolysate in Submerged Conditions

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Kweon Lee ◽  
Ju Hun Lee ◽  
Hyeong Ryeol Kim ◽  
Youngsang Chun ◽  
Ja Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Bioactive Product ◽  
Submerged Conditions

Cordycepin, a beneficial bioactive product specifically found in Cordyceps, has received attention in various bioindustrial applications such as in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics, due to its significant functions. However, low productivity of cordycepin is a barrier to commercialization. In this study, Cordyceps militaris was mutated by UV irradiation to improve the cordycepin production. The highest producer KYL05 strain was finally selected and its cordycepin production was increased about 1.5-fold compared to wild type. In addition, the effects of culture conditions were fundamentally investigated. Optimal conditions were as follows: pH 6, temperature of 25 °C, shaking speed of 150 rpm, and culture time of 6 days. Effects of medium component on cordycepin production were also investigated by using various carbon and nitrogen sources. It was found that glucose and casein hydrolysate (CH) were most effective as carbon and nitrogen sources in cordycepin production (2.3-fold improvement) with maximum cordycepin production of about 445 mg/L. In particular, production was significantly affected by CH. These results should be of value in improving the efficiency of mass production of cordycepin.

scholarly journals A Study on L-Asparaginase ofNocardia levisMK-VL_113

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alapati Kavitha ◽  
Muvva Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Initial Ph

An enzyme-based drug, L-asparaginase, was produced byNocardia levisMK-VL_113 isolated from laterite soils of Guntur region. Cultural parameters affecting the production of L-asparaginase by the strain were optimized. Maximal yields of L-asparaginase were recorded from 3-day-old culture grown in modified asparagine-glycerol salts broth with initial pH 7.0 at temperature30∘C. Glycerol (2%) and yeast extract (1.5%) served as good carbon and nitrogen sources for L-asparaginase production, respectively. Cell-disrupting agents like EDTA slightly enhanced the productivity of L-asparaginase. Ours is the first paper on the production of L-asparaginase byN. levis.

scholarly journals Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Different Sources

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

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