scholarly journals DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH TRAITS IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
M G Jamison ◽  
J M White ◽  
W E Vinson ◽  
K Hinkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross

ABSTRACT Two replications of a complete diallel cross experiment were performed among four partially inbred lines of mice. These inbred lines originated from a random-bred ICR strain and were produced by 12 generations of full sibbing (F ≃ 92%). Individual body weight was recorded for each animal at 12, 21, 42 and 56 days of age. Body weight gain traits were examined for intervals 12-21, 21-42 and 42-56 days. Simultaneous least squares analyses of inbred and linecrossed groups were used. Sex differences were highly significant for all traits. Replicate differences were significant but made a small contribution to the total variation. Inbred lines differed greatly. Crosses showed growth trends similar to their contemporary maternal and paternal inbreds. Heterosis was highly significant for all traits except 21-day weight. Inbreds were heavier at 12 days of age, but linecrossed progeny were superior to inbreds for all post-weaning weights. General combining ability was highly significant for 12- and 56-day weights and 21-42-day gain. Specific combining ability was highly significant for 21-day weight, 12-21- and 42-56-day gain. Significant maternal effects were found for all individual weights but not for 12-21- and 21-42-day gain. Residual reciprocal effects were significant for all traits. Estimated variances among linecrossed groups contained a large maternal component, a fluctuating additive genetic component and consistent non-additive genetic influence on all growth parameters measured.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype, sex and parity on growth traits of diallel crossed Nigerian indigenous and exotic pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
V. M. O. Okoror ◽  
U. E. Ogundu ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
C. L. Okoro ◽  
H. O. Ukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Reciprocal Effect

Three breeds of pig namely; Indigenous (IN), Large white (LW) and Landrace (LR) breeds were crossed in full diallel arrangement to evaluate the effects of cross, sex and parity on growth traits as well as establish the nature of gene action due to the growth traits at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age. Each line crossed in a full 3x3 diallel cross resulted in a total of 132, 107 and 105 pigs at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age respectively. General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA) and Reciprocal Effects (RE) were estimated for eight traits which includes Body weight (BWT), Ear length (EL), Tail length (TL), Heart girth (HG), Snout circumference (SC), Snout length (SL), Height at wither (HW) and Body length (BL). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the various crosses, sex and parity but no significant interaction. The LRxLW cross consistently expressed higher body weight and morphometric traits than other crosses at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age, while the INxIN expressed least body weight at birth and 20 weeks of age, while LWxIN was the least at weaning. There was no significant GCA effect (P>0.05) on all the traits measured, but SCA was significant (P<0.01) for all morphometric traits and body weight. RE was significant for body weight at birth and weaning, while at 20 weeks, was significant for SC and HW. The non-significant GCA estimates along with significant SCA estimates suggest that the genes governing the eight traits measured do not act additively, but non-additively, implying that improvement of those traits may be attained by exploiting heterosis through planned crossbreeding. However, the significant reciprocal effect in body weight and some morphometric traits indicates maternal and sex-linked effect at the affected ages, implying that significant reciprocal cross may be used to attain high performance for the growth traits in the progeny.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis of Diplodia Ear Rot Resistance in Maize

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Dorrance ◽  
K. H. Hinkelmann ◽  
H. L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis ◽  
High Degree

A diallel cross of seven inbreds and one synthetic line of maize were analyzed in 1994 and 1995 for their reaction to Diplodia ear rot. An additional inbred line was included in the 1995 analysis. Plants were inoculated by placing a pycnidiospore suspension (5 × 103 spores per ml) of Stenocarpella maydis in the whorl at the V14 to V15 growth stage. Crosses were evaluated for disease incidence of Diplodia ear rot at harvest, and the percentage of plants with Diplodia ear rot in a plot was used for analysis. In both years, general combining ability (GCA) effects were significant. In 1995, specific combining ability effects were also significant. There were no reciprocal effects. There was no significant interaction between year and genotypes, indicating that crosses reacted the same in both years. Inbred lines B37, H111, B68, and MS had negative GCA effects that contributed toward resistance in both years. VA26, with intermediate resistance to Diplodia ear rot, contributed toward susceptibility. Only inbred lines with a high degree of resistance should be used as parents.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype, sex and parity on growth traits of diallel crossed Nigerian indigenous and exotic pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
V. M. O. Okoro ◽  
U. E. Ogudu ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
C. L. Okoro ◽  
H. O. Ukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Reciprocal Effect

Three breeds of pig namely; Indigenous (IN), Large white (LW) and Landrace (LR) breeds were crossed in full diallel arrangement to evaluate the effects of cross, sex and parity on growth traits as well as establish the nature of gene action due to the growth traits at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age. Each line crossed in a full 3x3 diallel cross resulted in a total of 132, 107 and 105 pigs at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age respectively. General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA) and Reciprocal Effects (RE) were estimated for eight traits which includes Body weight (BWT), Ear length (EL), Tail length (TL), Heart girth (HG), Snout circumference (SC), Snout length (SL), Height at wither (HW) and Body length (BL). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the various crosses, sex and parity but no significant interaction. The LRxLW cross consistently expressed higher body weight and morphometric traits than other crosses at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age, while the INxIN expressed least body weight at birth and 20 weeks of age, while LWxIN was the least at weaning. There was no significant GCA effect (P>0.05) on all the traits measured, but SCA was significant (P<0.01) for all morphometric traits and body weight. RE was significant for body weight at birth and weaning, while at 20 weeks, was significant for SC and HW. The non-significant GCA estimates along with significant SCA estimates suggest that the genes governing the eight traits measured do not act additively, but non-additively, implying that improvement of those traits may be attained by exploiting heterosis through planned crossbreeding. However, the significant reciprocal effect in body weight and some morphometric traits indicates maternal and sex-linked effect at the affected ages, implying that significant reciprocal cross may be used to attain high performance for the growth traits in the progeny.

scholarly journals Photoperiod on growth and egg characteristics of the white leghorn chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Abdul Muumin Sadick ◽  
Iddrisu Mubarik ◽  
Dennis Kodzo Awalime ◽  
Rebecca Akumbilim ◽  
Philip Larweh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight

One hundred and twenty (120) 16 weeks old White Leghorn layer breeds were used for the study. The objective of the study was to determine effect of photoperiod on layer chicken. The research was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Animal farm of the Department of Animal Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong. Four treatments made up of 12 hours of light, 14 hours of light, 16 hours of light and 18 hours of light were used for the study. Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were exposed equally to common daylight and in the evenings, lights were turned on at specified periods. Growth parameters measured were initial body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and final body weight. Egg traits measured were egg weight, albumen height, yolk color and yolk weight. The data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of Statistical Analysis System. Results from the study indicated that, varied photoperiod regimes had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial body weight, daily feed intake but had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily weight gain and final body weight of growth traits. Photoperiod had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer bird. It was concluded from the study that, increasing photoperiod had no positive effect on growth and egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer.

scholarly journals Mapping of quantitative trait loci influencing daily body weight gain (DBWG) on chromosome 6 in German Holstein population

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reißmann ◽  
P. Reinecke ◽  
U. Müller ◽  
S. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Holstein Population

Twelve microsatellite markers on chromosome 6 were analyzed in German Holstein population to detect and locate QTL affecting daily body weight gain (DBWG). The results indicate promising location for QTL controlling daily body weight gain trait on chromosome 6. Where, three markers BMS2508 BM3026 and TGLA37 at three different positions in a distance 15.2 cM on BTA6 were associated with significant effects for daily body weight gain trait (DBWG). Comparison between this finding and previously identified QTL support the location of a QTL for growth traits on chromosome 6, where a significant QTL for birth and yearling weight was previously identified on chromosome 6 tightly close to marker BM3026. Finding from this study could be used in subsequent fine-mapping work and applied to marker-assisted selection (MAS) of production traits.

scholarly journals DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT IN COWPEA GENOTYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERINA VITÓRIO RODRIGUES ◽  
KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO-SILVA ◽  
MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA ◽  
EDSON ALVES BASTOS ◽  
ADRIANO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Block Experiment

ABSTRACT The low use of technologies by farmers and the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses are limiting factors for cowpea production in the Brazilian Northeast region. The tolerance of genotypes to drought is an alternative to decrease the negative effects of stresses on cowpea production. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify parents and combinations of cowpea genotypes with high probability of generating segregating populations with tolerance to drought. Six cowpea genotypes were crossed in a complete diallel cross design, totaling 30 F2 populations, which were evaluated together with their parents in an experiment under water deficit at the experimental field of the Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil. A triple lattice incomplete block experiment design was used, with three replications, with experimental plot consisting of six 2-m plant rows. Fifteen plants per plot were sampled to evaluate their agronomic characteristics, whose results were subjected to analysis of variance and means were used to estimate the general and specific combining abilities. The genotypes showed significant differences in all characteristics evaluated, denoting the genetic variability of the population. The additive effects were more important than the non-additive effects, and maternal inheritance was detected. The genotypes BRS Xiquexique, Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2 and MNC99-510F-16-1 were the most promising for use in recurrent selection programs for tolerance to water deficit. The hybrid combinations (1) BRS Paraguaçu X (4) CNCx-698-128G, (2) Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2 X (3) BRS Xiquexique, (3) BRS Xiquexique X (5) Santo-Inácio, (4) CNCx-698-128G X (6) MNC99-510F-16-1 and (5) Santo-Inácio X (4) CNCx-698-128G showed potential for generating superior lineages regarding bean production and tolerance to water deficit.

How growth parameters of sexed native Aseel chickens affected when fed with selenium supplemented diets during three growth phases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Muhammad Zia ◽  
Anjum Khalique ◽  
Saima Naveed ◽  
Jibran Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In total, 240 three-weeks-old sexed birds (191.06±6.01g), 120 + 120 from Lakha, Mushki, Peshaweri and Mianwali varieties of local Aseel were used to determine the influence of selenium forms on growth during three growth phases. Birds were divided into four equal groups, 60 birds/variety (30 + 30 ), further subdivided into A, B and C treatment groups, 10 bids/treatment. Each group was allocated starter, grower and finisher diets. Group A was offered the diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se-enriched yeast and the diet of group B included 0.3 ppm sodium selenite, while group C was fed with un-supplemented control diet. Birds were maintained individually for 18 weeks. Feed intake was decreased, while, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain were improved in males and females of Lakha, while best results detected in males during all growth phases in Se-enriched yeast fed groups. In conclusion, Se-enriched yeast had the positive effect in improving growth parameters of native Aseel.

Heterosis and combining ability for body weight in a diallel cross of three chicken genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njedbo A. Siwendu ◽  
David Norris ◽  
Jones W. Ngambi ◽  
Hussein A. Shimelis ◽  
Kow Benyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross

scholarly journals Additive and non-additive genetic variance in odontometric traits in crosses of seven inbred lines of house mice

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Leamy ◽  
R. W. Touchberry
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A least-squares diallel analysis of the offspring of crosses of seven inbred lines of house mice was performed for the mean widths of the second (M2) and third (M3) mandibular molars. Significant differences among lines, as well as between inbreds and hybrids (positive heterosis) were found for these characters. Estimates of the heritabilities (from general combining ability variances) were high for both teeth as were estimates of maternal effects. Specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were significant only for the M3. Additionally, X-irradiation reduced the mean number of individuals per litter, and thereby indirectly influenced the widths of both molars.

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