scholarly journals Effect of genotype, sex and parity on growth traits of diallel crossed Nigerian indigenous and exotic pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
V. M. O. Okoro ◽  
U. E. Ogudu ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
C. L. Okoro ◽  
H. O. Ukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Reciprocal Effect

Three breeds of pig namely; Indigenous (IN), Large white (LW) and Landrace (LR) breeds were crossed in full diallel arrangement to evaluate the effects of cross, sex and parity on growth traits as well as establish the nature of gene action due to the growth traits at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age. Each line crossed in a full 3x3 diallel cross resulted in a total of 132, 107 and 105 pigs at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age respectively. General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA) and Reciprocal Effects (RE) were estimated for eight traits which includes Body weight (BWT), Ear length (EL), Tail length (TL), Heart girth (HG), Snout circumference (SC), Snout length (SL), Height at wither (HW) and Body length (BL). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the various crosses, sex and parity but no significant interaction. The LRxLW cross consistently expressed higher body weight and morphometric traits than other crosses at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age, while the INxIN expressed least body weight at birth and 20 weeks of age, while LWxIN was the least at weaning. There was no significant GCA effect (P>0.05) on all the traits measured, but SCA was significant (P<0.01) for all morphometric traits and body weight. RE was significant for body weight at birth and weaning, while at 20 weeks, was significant for SC and HW. The non-significant GCA estimates along with significant SCA estimates suggest that the genes governing the eight traits measured do not act additively, but non-additively, implying that improvement of those traits may be attained by exploiting heterosis through planned crossbreeding. However, the significant reciprocal effect in body weight and some morphometric traits indicates maternal and sex-linked effect at the affected ages, implying that significant reciprocal cross may be used to attain high performance for the growth traits in the progeny.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype, sex and parity on growth traits of diallel crossed Nigerian indigenous and exotic pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
V. M. O. Okoror ◽  
U. E. Ogundu ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
C. L. Okoro ◽  
H. O. Ukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Reciprocal Effect

Three breeds of pig namely; Indigenous (IN), Large white (LW) and Landrace (LR) breeds were crossed in full diallel arrangement to evaluate the effects of cross, sex and parity on growth traits as well as establish the nature of gene action due to the growth traits at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age. Each line crossed in a full 3x3 diallel cross resulted in a total of 132, 107 and 105 pigs at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age respectively. General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA) and Reciprocal Effects (RE) were estimated for eight traits which includes Body weight (BWT), Ear length (EL), Tail length (TL), Heart girth (HG), Snout circumference (SC), Snout length (SL), Height at wither (HW) and Body length (BL). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the various crosses, sex and parity but no significant interaction. The LRxLW cross consistently expressed higher body weight and morphometric traits than other crosses at birth, weaning and 20 weeks of age, while the INxIN expressed least body weight at birth and 20 weeks of age, while LWxIN was the least at weaning. There was no significant GCA effect (P>0.05) on all the traits measured, but SCA was significant (P<0.01) for all morphometric traits and body weight. RE was significant for body weight at birth and weaning, while at 20 weeks, was significant for SC and HW. The non-significant GCA estimates along with significant SCA estimates suggest that the genes governing the eight traits measured do not act additively, but non-additively, implying that improvement of those traits may be attained by exploiting heterosis through planned crossbreeding. However, the significant reciprocal effect in body weight and some morphometric traits indicates maternal and sex-linked effect at the affected ages, implying that significant reciprocal cross may be used to attain high performance for the growth traits in the progeny.

scholarly journals DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH TRAITS IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
M G Jamison ◽  
J M White ◽  
W E Vinson ◽  
K Hinkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross

ABSTRACT Two replications of a complete diallel cross experiment were performed among four partially inbred lines of mice. These inbred lines originated from a random-bred ICR strain and were produced by 12 generations of full sibbing (F ≃ 92%). Individual body weight was recorded for each animal at 12, 21, 42 and 56 days of age. Body weight gain traits were examined for intervals 12-21, 21-42 and 42-56 days. Simultaneous least squares analyses of inbred and linecrossed groups were used. Sex differences were highly significant for all traits. Replicate differences were significant but made a small contribution to the total variation. Inbred lines differed greatly. Crosses showed growth trends similar to their contemporary maternal and paternal inbreds. Heterosis was highly significant for all traits except 21-day weight. Inbreds were heavier at 12 days of age, but linecrossed progeny were superior to inbreds for all post-weaning weights. General combining ability was highly significant for 12- and 56-day weights and 21-42-day gain. Specific combining ability was highly significant for 21-day weight, 12-21- and 42-56-day gain. Significant maternal effects were found for all individual weights but not for 12-21- and 21-42-day gain. Residual reciprocal effects were significant for all traits. Estimated variances among linecrossed groups contained a large maternal component, a fluctuating additive genetic component and consistent non-additive genetic influence on all growth parameters measured.

Heterosis and combining ability for body weight in a diallel cross of three chicken genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njedbo A. Siwendu ◽  
David Norris ◽  
Jones W. Ngambi ◽  
Hussein A. Shimelis ◽  
Kow Benyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross

scholarly journals Additive and Heterotic Genetic Effects in the Haplo-diploid Honeybee Apis Mellifera

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Oldroyd ◽  
C Moran
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Partial Diallel

Nine lines of honeybees were used to form a 9 x 9 partial diallel cross. Hamuli number was determined for samples of worker offspring. One set of workers was reared in non-maternal colonies which had been made uniform, as far as possible, with respect to colony strength (number of workers), while another set was sampled directly from the combs of each maternal colony. Combining ability analysis of variance revealed significant additive and non-additive genetic effects for both sets of data, regardless of whether inbred parentals were included or excluded from the analysis. Uniform rearing removed average heterosis and reciprocal effects.

scholarly journals Haemoglobin types and their effects on morphometric traits of indigenous cattle, sheep and goats in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
M. M. Shettima ◽  
N. K. Alade ◽  
A. O. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Face Length ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Linear Body

This study focused on polymorphisms of haemoglobin in some indigenous ruminants. Blood samples were collected from a total of 2400 ruminants (600 cattle, 900 goats and 900 sheep) and analyzed. Body Weight (BW) and Nine linear body measurements viz: Height at withers (HW), Body length (BL), Heart girth (HG), Face length (FL), Neck length (NL), Neck width (NW), Rump width (RW), Ear length (EL), Tail length (TL) and shoulder width (SW) were measured on each animal prior to blood sample collection. The results revealed that animals with heterozygotes genotype Hb AB had higher values for body weight (313.42 kg), body length (158.23 cm), shoulder width (28.21 cm) and heart girth (150.39 cm) in cattle. In goats, individuals with Hb BB and Hb AB had similar heart girth (69.33 and 66.16 cm), body weight (21.08 and 20.92 kg), and shoulder width (10.43 and 10.23 cm), though they were better than those with Hb AA genotype. In conclusion, while Hb AA is an adaptation genotype in sheep, Hb AB is the genotype of choice for both adaptation and meat traits in cattle and goats.

scholarly journals Morphological Features and Growth Traits of Half Sib Local Pabna Calves up to Yearling Stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.I. Talukder ◽  
M. Shahjahan ◽  
S. Munira ◽  
S. Rahman ◽  
A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Newborn Calves

Background: Usually morphological features and growth traits are used in breed characterization. The research was performed to reveal the phenotypic and growth traits of half sib local Pabna calves up to yearling stages and to reveal their association with selection regarding body size and morphological features. Methods: Data of phenotypic measures from both body and head parts and growth traits were collected from 18 and 22 half sib Pabna calves, respectively. The body weight of newborn calves and respective dams were recorded separately. Each calf was allowed to drink 10% of milk for individual’s body weight from respective dam twice per day at calf shed.Result: Linear increasing trend observed in all morphological features from birth to yearling stages for both body and head characteristics of Pabna calves in which heart girth (63.33±1.31 cm at birth and 91.83±2.18 cm at pre-weaning), wither height (84.17±0.60 cm at pre-weaning), carpal circumference (10.50±0.50 cm at birth), mouth circumference (21.33±0.33 cm at birth and 26.58 cm at pre-weaning) and head length (30.08±0.99 cm at pre-weaning) had significant differences (p less than 0.05) in male calves compare to female. The effect of calves’ birth weight deferred significantly (p less than 0.05) for body length, heart girth, abdominal circumference, wither height and tail length in the calves’ group having ≥20 kg of birth weight compare to less than 20 kg. Body weight of Pabna calves also showed linear fashion from birth (19.56±2.11 kg) to yearling stages (112.33±3.30 kg) including moderate correlation at first (53%) and twelfth (48%) month and weak at weaning (7%) stages. The sex and birth weight of calf had significant effects (p less than 0.05) up to pre-weaning stage of calf but its continuation was not followed up to yearling stages.

Estimates of combining ability, reciprocal effects and heterosis for yield and yield components in a common bean diallel cross

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Foolad ◽  
A. Bassiri
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYA diallel crossing system involving two Pinto and two Kidney common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was evaluated in the field. Pin toes were significantly different from the Kidneys in seed yield and numbers of pods and seeds per plant and 100·seed weight. All the traits showed statistical significance among crosses and in comparisons involving parental v. cross means. Heterosis values were large and significant for yield, numbers of pods and seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of days from planting to flowering. The ratio of general to specific combining ability mean squares was low for yield, numbers of pods and seeds per plant and high for 100·seed weight and number of days to flowering. Significant reciprocal effects were found for seed yield and number of seeds per plant, but this effect was completely absent for 100·seed weight.

scholarly journals Significant Parent-of-Origin Effects for Seed, Cotyledon, and Early Plant Growth Traits in Cucumber

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Madeline W. Oravec ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects

Parent-of-origin effects have long been recognized and exploited in plant breeding and genetic studies. These effects can be conferred by preferential expression of an allele from one parent, organellar effects, or altered organellar-nuclear interaction. The goal of this work was to evaluate parent-of-origin effects on seed, cotyledon, and early growth traits in cucumber using a full eight-by-eight diallel from crossing two doubled haploids (DHs) extracted from each of four cucumber populations. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal effects were observed for all traits, and direction and magnitude of effects were DH rather than population specific. Transcriptome analyses of reciprocal hybrids with and without significant reciprocal effects for early plant growth revealed that different pathways were associated with the significant reciprocal differences. These findings are consistent with the DH-specific nature of combining abilities and reciprocal effects across cucumber populations. Because reciprocal effects were DH and hybrid-combination specific, cucumber breeders should generate and evaluate both hybrids from reciprocal crossing for improved hybrid development.

scholarly journals Heterotic effect on body weight and morphometric traits of crossbred buck kids of Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
E. N. Nwachukwu ◽  
G. U. Okoji.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
West African ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Dwarf Goats

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on body weight and morphometric traits of crossbred buck kids produced from a mating of Red Sokoto(RS) and West African Dwarf(WAD) goats in a humid tropical environment. Results showed that the main crossbred (RS x WAD) buck kids had significantly higher body weight at 20 weeks (8.98 ± 0.43kg) than the reciprocal (WAD X RS) individuals (8.22± 0.12kg) . The Red Sokoto (RS X RS) buck kids maintained overall superiority for body weight (10.48  ±0.49kg) and other morphometric traits namely; body length (72.62 ± 3.18cm), height-at-withers (54.62 ± 3.10cm) and heart girth (63.20 ± 2.41cm)than other genetic groups. Direct and percentage heterosis for body weight and the morphometric traits were positive for the RS x WAD buck kids except for body length which was negative. The reciprocal WAD x RS buck kids had negative values for all measured parameters indicating that the WAD sired buck kids showed no improvement for these body traits following crossbreeding. It was therefore concluded that rapid improvement in growth traits of WAD goats could be achieved by main crossbreeding involving mating of RS bucks with WAD does.

scholarly journals Genetic effects on seed quality in diallel crosses of popcorn

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Diego Silva Cabral ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Juliana Saltires Santos ◽  
Ismael Lourenço de Jesus Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
The Ideal

The failure to obtain the ideal stand is one of the causes of decreased crop yields, in this sense it is important to investigate the genetic effects related to seed quality. The aim of this study was to measure the general combining ability (GCA), the specific combining ability (SCA) and the reciprocal effects (RE) for popcorn seed quality in addition to evaluate the association between germination and vigor tests with field emergencein order to identify hybrids with better germination and vigour. Ten inbred lines were evaluated using a complete diallel cross with reciprocals. Seed quality was measured by germination tests (GT) and by modified cold vigour tests (MCV). In the GT, the numbers of strong normal seedlings (SNS), weak normal (WNS), abnormal (AS) and ungerminated seeds (UGS) were counted. In the MCV, the numbers of normal seedlings (NPC), abnormal (ASC) and ungerminated seeds (UGSC) were counted, and the plants' dry matter (DM) was measured. Analysis of variance for GCA, SCA and RE were significant for all variables. The quadratic components for SCA were higher than those for GCA for the SNS, AS, UGS, ASC and UGSC traits, which indicates higher significance for the non-additive effects. The most favourable GCA estimates, were found in lines P3 and L70. The best hybrids were P1xL70, P3xP6 and P8xL70. The RE results showed that L70 and P3 should be used as the female parent in the P1xL70 and P3xP6 hybrid crosses, respectively. The MCV was the test that was most strongly correlated with field emergence, with a magnitude of 0.667.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document