scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TRANSMISSION FREQUENCY, MALE RECOMBINATION AND PROGENY PRODUCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Heterozygous Male

ABSTRACT The T-007 second chromosome line, which was originally isolated in 1970 from a natural population of Drosophila melanogasterat Harlingen, south Texas, has previously been shown to be associated with several unusual genetic phenomena. In the present study, two characteristics, distorted transmission frequency and male recombination, were analyzed in relation to the progeny production of T-007 heterozygous individuals. The following points were established: (1) Distorted transmission frequency in the T-007 heterozygous male was mainly due to "elimination" of T-007 chromosomes among the progeny, while no such elimination occurred for the normal partner chromosome. (2) Transmission frequency and progeny production of the T-007 heterozygous females were normal, or at least almost normal. (3) The frequency of male recombination increased with an increasing degree of distortion. This was due to an increased number of recombinants produced per male and to a decreased number of progeny receiving the T-007 chromosome.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF MALE-RECOMBINATION ELEMENTS IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN SOUTH TEXAS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Kathleen A Matthews ◽  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Y Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Genomes from a group of Drosophila melanogmter collected from a natural population at San Benito, South Texas, in March of 1975 were analyzed for the presence of male-recombination elements. All three autosomes and both sex chromosomes were examined, with emphasis placed on the two major autosomes, the second and third chromosomes. In samples of 16 second and 16 third chromosomes, at least half, but not all, of each were found to carry male-recombination elements. It is suggested, although the data are not conclusive, that some of the fourth, X, and Y chromosomes might also be associated with male-recombination elements.—When a male-recombination element, or elements, was located in the second chromosome, relatively more male recombination was induced in the second than in the third chromosome. This situation was reversed when the element(s) was located in the third chromosome.—Distortion of transmission frequency, one of the characteristics of previously studied second chromosome lines associated with male recombination, was confirmed for these second chromosomes that carried male-recombination elements. Similar, but less pronounced, distortion was observed for the third chromosome lines that carried male-recombination elements.

scholarly journals GAMETIC FREQUENCY OF SECOND CHROMOSOMES OF THE T-007 TYPE IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN TEXAS

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽  
Mary V Gerstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Stock ◽  
Segregation Distorter

ABSTRACT The T-007 second chromosome, which was isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster in south Texas in 1970, is known to show, when made heterozygous in males with a standard cn bw second chromosome, a transmission frequency (k) of 0.35—much lower than the theoretically expected 0.5. Natural populations of this species in Texas contain second chromosomes that, against the standard cn bw genetic background, are associated with distorted transmission frequencies comparable to that of the T-007 chromosome. In order to explain how such chromosomes can persist in natural populations in nontrivial frequencies, it has been postulated that, although such chromosomes show reduced k values when tested under the genetic background of a laboratory stock such as cn bw, they may show, on the average, k values larger than 0.5 under natural genetic backgrounds. If this were true, the frequency of chromosomes of the T-007 type (T chromosomes) should be higher in male than in female gametes under natural genetic backgrounds. The present study was conducted to examine this possibility. The results clearly showed that the frequency of such chromosomes was much higher among male than among female gametes, and that the transmission frequency of this type of chromosome was higher than 0.5 under natural genetic backgrounds. These results suggest that T chromosomes behave like Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosomes in natural populations of this species in Texas. A possible relationship between T-007 and SD chromosomes is suggested.

scholarly journals A MODEL OF THE NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN MALE RECOMBINATION AND TRANSMISSION FREQUENCY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-459
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

ABSTRACT A model is proposed to account for the phenomenon of negative correlation between male recombination (θ) and transmission frequency (k) in Drosophila melanogaster. The model assumes that, in some stage or stages of development, the male recombination elements cause a particular event that does not occur in normal males and that this event, in turn, induces with certain probabilities male recombination and/or sperm dysfunction. The regression equations of θ on k predicted by the model were compared with those actually observed. There was generally excellent agreement between them.

scholarly journals Chromosome interactions in P-M dysgenic male recombination of Drosophila melanogaster

1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
P. Eggleston ◽  
K. A. Exley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Recombination Breakpoint ◽  
P Element ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Element Array ◽  
Recombination Breakpoints ◽  
Map Distance

SummaryThe frequency, distribution and structure of P elements on the second and third chromosomes of Texas 1, a wild-type inbred strain of Drosophila melanogaster, were investigated by in situ hybridization. These autosomes were isolated individually and used as P-element donors to study the frequency and distribution of male recombination events generated on recipient chromosomes which were originally devoid of P sequences. The P-element array of chromosome 2 was shown to generate higher male recombination frequencies on chromosome 3 than vice versa, despite having fewer P factors and fewer P elements in general. This is likely to be due to the presence and distribution of specific P-deletion derivatives, which vary in their ability to repress P mobility. The male recombination generated on recipient chromosomes is associated with the insertion of donated P sequences, but only in a small minority of cases could a novel P-element site be detected at, or near, the recombination breakpoint. The majority of such breakpoints appear to be associated either with unsuccessful P insertion, or with the action of P transposase attracted by P elements newly inserted elsewhere on the recipient chromosome. Recent evidence also suggests that a small proportion of the breakpoints may be associated with the action of P transposase alone. Male recombination breakpoints appear to be distributed effectively at random along the recipient autosomes, and their frequency of occurrence was shown to correlate with the physical length of DNA available between markers, as revealed by the polytene map distance.

scholarly journals THE LOCATION OF A MUTATOR FACTOR IN A STRAIN OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BY ASSAYING MALE RECOMBINATION

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Nita N Scobie ◽  
Henry E Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
K Value ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Double Crossover ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Double Recombinant ◽  
Mutation Accumulation Line

ABSTRACT In a set of "mutation accumulation lines," of Drosophila melanogaster that had originated from two different wild-caught lethal-carrying second chromosomes (Yamaguchi and Mukai 1974; Mukai and Cockerham 1977; Voelkers, Schaffer and Mukai 1980) a correlation exists between high rates of reverse mutation at two visible loci and the ability to induce male recombination (Scobie and Schaffer 1982). The second and third chromosomes were extracted from the lines demonstrating these phenomena and tested for independent ability to induce male recombination. When the wild chromosome being tested was of male origin, extracted second chromosome lines were found to induce moderate to high levels of male recombination and reduced transmission frequency of the wild chromosome (the k value). The recombinants recovered in these crosses also demonstrated a high level of double-crossover recombination without the recovery of the reciprocal double-recombinant types. In addition, identifiable portions of extracted second chromosomes of male origin have been placed on very similar, marked genetic backgrounds and tested for their ability to induce male recombination. Results of this procedure have identified two regions of the second chromosome that induce male recombination and reduce k values. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there exist two mutator factors on the second chromosome, each associated with a "mutation accumulation line" with an unstable locus.

scholarly journals POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-831
Author(s):  
George Johnson ◽  
Victoria Finnerty ◽  
Daniel Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Polymorphic Loci

ABSTRACT Second chromosomes of D. melanogaster were isolated from a single natural population, and 40 were analyzed by gel-sieving electrophoresis for the presence of polymorphic loci on chromosome 2 that act to modify xanthine dehydrogenase and/or aldehyde oxidase, whose structural genes map to chromosome 3. Clear evidence of polymorphism for one or more xanthine dehydrogenase modifier loci was obtained.

scholarly journals An SD (Segregation Distribution) – MR (Male Recombination) chromosome isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Gábor Bencze ◽  
Barton E. Slatko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Recombination Activity ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

SUMMARYA second chromosome line of Drosophila melanogaster (S-90), isolated from a northern California natural population, is able to induce (1) an increased frequency of X-chromosome visible mutations, (2) male recombination activity subject to reciprocal cross suppression, and (3) strong meiotic drive from heterozygous males. Based upon several lines of evidence (including the response to suppressor chromosomes of both systems) we conclude that S-90 contains both SD (Segregation Distortion) and MR (P or I) chromosome activity. The two systems appear to behave independently and simultaneously, and a small centromeric region of the S-90 chromosome appears to contain the major genetic elements of both systems.

scholarly journals GENETIC LOAD IN NATURAL POPULATIONS: IS IT COMPATIBLE WITH THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MANY POLYMORPHISMS ARE MAINTAINED BY NATURAL SELECTION?

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-589
Author(s):  
Martin L Tracey ◽  
Francisco J Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Recent studies of genetically controlled enzyme variation lead to an estimation that at least 30 to 60% of the structural genes are polymorphic in natural populations of many vertebrate and invertebrate species. Some authors have argued that a substantial proportion of these polymorphisms cannot be maintained by natural selection because this would result in an unbearable genetic load. If many polymorphisms are maintained by heterotic natural selection, individuals with much greater than average proportion of homozygous loci should have very low fitness. We have measured in Drosophila melanogaster the fitness of flies homozygous for a complete chromosome relative to normal wild flies. A total of 37 chromosomes from a natural population have been tested using 92 experimental populations. The mean fitness of homozygous flies is 0.12 for second chromosomes, and 0.13 for third chromosomes. These estimates are compatible with the hypothesis that many (more than one thousand) loci are maintained by heterotic selection in natural populations of D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE MATERNAL EFFECT MUTANTS DAUGHTERLESS AND ABNORMAL OOCYTE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Arthur P Mange ◽  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromosome Breakpoint ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT Two deficiencies for, and a dominant enhancer of, the second chromosome maternal effect mutant, "daughterless" (da), were induced with X-irradiation. Their properties were studied with respect to both da and the linked maternal effect mutant, "abnormal oocyte" (abo), with the following conclusions. (1) The most probable map positions of da and abo are: J–½–da–2½–abo, where J is a dominant marker located at 41 on the standard map. (2) The da locus is in bands 31CD-F on the polytene chromosome map; abo is to the right of 32A. (3) Because homozygous da individuals survive while individuals carrying da and a deficiency for da are lethal, it is concluded that da is hypomorphic. (4) From a weak da-like maternal effect in heterozygous da females induced by an "Enhancer of da," we have confirmed a previous report that (a) the amount of sex chromosome heterochromatin contributed by the father can influence the severity of the da maternal effect, and (b) the sex chromosome heterochromatin which influences the da effect is different from that which influences the abo effect. (5) The possibility that da and abo are in a special region of chromosome 2 concerned with the regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatin is strengthened by the observation that the Enhancer of da appears to rescue abnormal eggs produced by homozygous abo mothers. (6) The Enhancer of da is a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 3 with the second chromosome breakpoint in the basal heterochromatin; because the enhancing effect maps in this region of chromosome 2, it is possible that autosomal, as well as sex chromosomal, heterochromatin interacts with da and abo.

Seasonal changes in recombination characteristics in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dau Dayal Aggarwal ◽  
Sviatoslav Rybnikov ◽  
Shaul Sapielkin ◽  
Eugenia Rashkovetsky ◽  
Zeev Frenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Seasonal Changes
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