scholarly journals DISTINCTIONS AMONG ALLELIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOSOME 3 INVERSIONS IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-741
Author(s):  
R A Norman ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Drosophila Persimilis

ABSTRACT Efforts were made to discriminate new genetic variants among electrophoretic alleles that are associated with chromosome 3 inversions of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. Apparent genetic similarities for electrophoretic alleles between these two species and among the common inversions they carry were reexamined by altering gel concentration and buffer pH. At the amylase locus, the 1.09 electrophoretic allele could be further separated into two allelic classes that differentiated the WT and KL arrangements. Similarly, the 0.84 electrophoretic allele was divided into two allelic classes, one characteristic of the Santa Cruz phylad arrangements, TL and SC, and the other found in strains of the Standard phylad arrangements and CH. Uncommon amylase alleles proved to be different alleles in the two species. No new allelic variants, however, could be found among strains with the amylase 1.00 allele, the commonest allele in the Standard phylad of both species. No major new allelic variation was detected for acid phosphatase-3 and larval protein-10 that revealed any further differentiation among species or inversions. Variation at all three loci in strains of the Bogota population remained genetically similar to variation in strains of mainland D. pseudoobscura.

Genetic variation for monomer–dimer equilibria of esterase-5 in Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophila persimilis, and Drosophila miranda

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Townsend ◽  
Rama S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Speciation Event ◽  
Population Polymorphism ◽  
Drosophila Persimilis ◽  
Close Relatives

Esterase-5 is a highly polymorphic enzyme in Drosophila pseudoobscura and its close relatives. Numerous alleles have been identified by employing a number of physicochemical properties of the enzyme (e.g. electrophoretic mobility, enzyme stability, subunit dimerization, and variation in monomer–dimer equilibrium). Variation in the monomer–dimer equilibrium of esterase-5 leads to differences in electrophoretic mobility of monomers produced by dimers all of which have the same mobility. In this report we have used this criterion to study variation within, as well as between, four closely related species: D. pseudoobscura pseudoobscura, D. pseudoobscura bogotana. D. persimilis, and D. miranda. All lines were characterized for esterase-5 monomer and dimer mobility at a number of gel concentrations and the comparison was made by plotting log10 monomer – dimer mobility as a function of gel concentration. No variation was found within D. p. pseudoobscura or D. p. bogotana but some variation (two distinct alleles) did occur in D. persimilis. Drosophila miranda is segregating for two alleles, one of which is fixed in D. pseudoobscura and the other one is common in D. persimilis. Thus it seems that the variation in monomer–dimer equilibrium is a rather conservative criterion and that the variation in D. miranda is a good deal older than the speciation event(s) which gave rise to D. miranda and the lineage leading to D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis.Key words: esterase-5, Drosophila pseudoobscura, monomer–dimer equilibrium, population, polymorphism, speciation, electrophoresis.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY VARIANTS OF ACID PHOSPHATASE-3 AMONG CHROMOSOME 3 INVERSIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-755
Author(s):  
R A Norman ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Isogenic Strains ◽  
Range Of Variation

ABSTRACT Allozymes of the Ap-3 locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura show very strong associations with chromosome 3 inversions. The 0.98 electrophoretic allele is associated with the TL, SC, CH and PP gene arrangements, while the 1.00 electrophoretic allele is characteristic of the AR and ST gene arrangements. Variation in relative 0.98 and 1.00 AP-3 allozyme activities of chromosome 3 isogenic strains was examined on acrylamide gels in F1 heterozygotes obtained by crossing these strains individually to a reference strain with a slower 0.87 mobility allozyme. F2 analyses demonstrated that the activity variants cosegregate with the Ap-3 locus. Both 0.98 and 1.00 allelic classes are polymorphic for AP-3 activities. In contrast to the virtual monomorphism for an electrophoretic allele, each inversion is polymorphic for AP-3 activities. These results reveal substantially more genetic differentiation among gene arrangements than is evident from electrophoretic allele comparisons. Strains having the PP arrangement are distinct from TL strains in their AP-3 activity expression, and ST strains have a wider range of variation than AR strains. In contrast, no geographical differentiation is evident for strains from the Bogota population of D. pseudoobscura.

scholarly journals GENIC HETEROGENEITY AT TWO ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE LOCI IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Jerry A Coyne ◽  
Alexander A Felton
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Striking Increase ◽  
Drosophila Persimilis ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT A sequential electrophoretic survey of the second chromosome loci, alcohol dehydrogenase-6 (Adh-6) and octanol dehydrogenase (Odh), was performed on 147 isochromosomal lines of Drosophila pseudoobscura and 60 lines of its sibling species, D. persimilis. Gels run with a variety of acrylamide concentrations and buffer pH's revealed the presence of 18 alleles of Adh-6 in the two species, where only eight had been previously detected by conventional electrophoretic methods. Only two alleles were added with our techniques to the previous total of nine in both species at the largely monomorphic Odh locus. Both enzymes show a predominance of one allele, with the other variants being fairly rare. There was no evidence of increased genetic divergence between the two species, but we found a striking increase in differentiation of Adh-6 alleles between the main body of D. pseudoobscura populations and the conspecific isolate from Bogotá, Colombia. These results are compared with our previous surveys of xanthine dehydrogenase in these species and discussed in reference to theories of genic polymorphism.

scholarly journals GENE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THIRD-CHROMOSOME INVERSIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Arrow Head ◽  
Chromosome Inversions ◽  
Different Populations

ABSTRACT Associations of alleles of the acid phosphatase-3 locus with the different third-chromosome inversions from different populations of D. pseudoobscura are described. We observe only the allele AP-31.0 in the Standard and Arrow-head inversions and the allele AP-3.98 in the Santa Cruz, Treeline, Cuernavaca and the Pikes Peak arrangements. The Chiricahua gene arrangement is polymorphic.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIANTS OF γG4 GLOBULIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Kunkel ◽  
F. G. Joslin ◽  
G. M. Penn ◽  
J. B. Natvig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Fc Fragment ◽  
Myeloma Proteins ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Common

Two types of γG4 proteins, termed 4a and 4b, were characterized through antigenic studies of myeloma proteins. Both were recognized by specific antigens on the Fc fragment which were shared with other γG classes. The distinctive antigen of the common 4a type was shared with all γG1 and γG3 proteins but missing in those of the γG2 class; that for the rarer 4b type was selectively found in proteins of the γG2 class. Analyses on γG4 fractions isolated from normal sera showed that either the 4a or the 4b or a mixture of the two types was present in each serum. Evidence was obtained that these differences were on a genetic basis and that allelic genes linked to those of the Gm system were involved. Such a reciprocal occurrence in other classes of γG globulin of the antigenic markers distinguishing genetic variants has not been observed previously. A number of questions regarding the evolutionary development of the genes responsible are discussed. The possibility is raised that those for the γG4 class arose relatively early and preceded the development of those for the other γG classes.

scholarly journals DOSAGE COMPENSATION OF GENES ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT ARMS OF THE X CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1126
Author(s):  
Irene Abraham ◽  
John C Lucchesi
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT We have investigated the occurrence of dosage compensation in D. willistoni and D. pseudoobscura, two species whose X chromosome is metacentric with one arm homologous to the X and the other homologous to the left arm of chromosome 3 of D. melanogaster. Crude extracts were assayed for isocitrate dehydrogenase (XR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (XL?), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (XL?), and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (chromosome 2) in D. willistoni, and for esterase-5 (XR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (XL?), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (XL?) and amylase (chromosome 3) in D. pseudoobscura. Our results indicate that a mechanism for dosage compensation is operative in both arms of the X chromosome of these two species.

Polymorphism of the exon 3 of leptin gene in Malpura sheep

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Meena ◽  
A. Sahoo ◽  
R. S. Bhatt ◽  
A.S. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Products

Leptin (LEP) is primarily expressed in the adipose tissues. It regulates the feed intake, energy metabolism and body composition and plays a crucial role in regulating body weight and growth in mammals. The aim of the present study was to find out an allelic variation in leptin gene of Malpura sheep. A total of 112 Malpura sheep were selected and the genomic DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction method. PCR was carried out in order to amplify the 471 bp fragment of the exon 3 coding sequence of the leptin gene. The genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP technique. PCR products were digested with three (BcnI, SsiI and OliI) restriction enzymes. For detection of allelic variants, three non-synonymous SNPs were found in Malpura sheep. The A271G and A316C loci were found mono-morphic, while T387G locus was found polymorphic. Two genetic variants (G and T) and three genotypes (GG, GT and TT) were found in Malpura sheep. The allelic frequency of G and T allele at T387G locus was found 0.82 and 0.18, respectively.

O ENSINO RELIGIOSO EM QUESTÃO

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Mauro Rocha Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Common

Neste artigo analisamos a relação do Ensino Religioso com a sua evolução ao longo do contexto recente do Brasil para compreender a posição do Supremo Tribunal Federal ao considerar a possibilidade do Ensino Religioso confessional. Inicialmente apresentaremos a perspectiva legislativa criada com a constituição de 1988 e seus desdobramentos nas indicações curriculares. Neste contexto é frisado a intenção de incluir o Ensino Religioso na Base Nacional Curricular Comum, o que acabou não acontecendo. A tendência manifesta nas duas primeiras versões da BNCC era de um Ensino Religioso não-confessional. Uma tendência que demarcava a função do Ensino Religioso em debater a religião, mas que não permitia o direcionamento por uma vertente religioso qualquer. Esta posição se mostrava uma evolução da primeira perspectiva histórica mais associada à catequese confessional. Assim como também ultrapassava a interpretação posterior de um ecumenismo interconfessional, que mantinha a superioridade do cristianismo ante as demais religiões. Sendo assim, neste artigo, adotaremos o argumento de que a decisão do STF, de seis votos contra cinco, acaba retrocedendo ante o que nos parecia um caminho muito mais frutífero.Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Supremo Tribunal Federal. Confessional. Interconfessional. Não-confessional.Abstract: On this article, we analyze the relation between Religious education and its evolution along the currently Brazilian context in order to understand the position of the Supreme Court in considering the possibility of a confessional Religious education. Firstly, we are going to present the legislative perspective created with the 1988 Federal Constitution and its impacts in the curricular lines. On this context it was highlighted the intention to include the Religious Education on the Common Core National Curriculum (CCNC), which did not really happened. The tendency manifested in the first two versions of the CCNC was of a non-confessional Religious Education. A tendency that delineated the function of the Religious Education as debating religion, but not giving direction on any religious side. This position was an evolution of the first historical perspective more associated to the confessional catechesis. It also went beyond the former interpretation of an inter-confessional ecumenism, which kept the superiority of the Christianity over the other religions. As such, in this paper we adopt the argument that the decision of the Supreme Court, of six votes against five, is a reversal of what seemed to be a much more productive path on the Religious Education.Keywords: Religious Education. Brazilian Supreme Court. Confessional. Inter-confessional. Non- confessional.Enviado: 23-01-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018

The Problem of the Typology of Rationality in Muslim Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Culture

The typology of rationality is one of major issues of modern philosophy. In an attempt to provide a typology to Oriental materials, a researcher faces additional problems. The diversity of the Orient as such poses a major challenge. When we say “Oriental,” we mean several cultures for which we cannot find a common denominator. The concept of “Orient” involves Arabic, Indian, Chinese, Turkish and other cultures, and the only thing they share is that they are “non-Western.” Moreover, even if we focus just on Islamic culture and look into rationality in this context, we have to deal with a conglomerate of various trends, which does not let us define, with full confidence, a common theoretical basis and treat them as a unity. Nevertheless, we have to go on trying to find common directions in thought development, so as to draw conclusions about types of rationality possible in Islamic culture. A basis for such a typology of rationality in the context of the Islamic world was recently suggested in A.V. Smirnov’s logic of sense theory. However, actual empiric material cannot always fit theoretical models, and the cases that do not fit the common scheme are interesting per se. On the one hand, examination of such cases gives an opportunity to specify certain provisions of the theory and, on the other hand, to define the limits of its applicability.

HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE PIGMENTED TUMORAL-LIKE LESIONS OF THE SKIN AT HUE HOSPITAL OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY UNIVERSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Mao Nguyen Van ◽  
Dong Tran Nam
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Tumour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Tumour ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Difficult Cases

Background: Pigmented tumour of the skin is one of the common tumour in human including the benign pigmented tumours (more common) called Nevi tumours and the malignant one called melanoma which was less frequent but the most poor in prognosis. In addition, the others not belonging to these group had the same clinical appearance, so the application of histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the definitive diagnosis was indespensible. Objectives: 1. To describe the macroscopic features of the pigmented tumoral-like lesions; 2. To classify the histopathologic types of the pigmented cell tumours and the other pigmented tumours of the skin. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional research on 55 patients diagnosed as pigmented tumoral lesions by clinician, then all definitively diagnosed by histopathology combining the immunohistochemistry in difficult cases. Results: There was no difference in gender, the disease was discovered most common in adult, especially with the age over 51 years old (58.1%). the most region located was in the face accounting for 60%, following the trunk and limbs (14.6%, 12.8% respectively). All 3 malignant melanomas happened in foot. The most common color of the lesions was black (65.4%), the other ones were rose, grey and blue. Histopathology and immunohisthochemistry showed that the true pigmented cell tumours were 52.6% encompassing benign ones (Nevi tumour) (41.8%), melanoma (5.4%) and lentigo (5.4%). 47.4% was not the true pigmented cell tumour including pigmented basocellular carcinoma (36.4%) and the others less common as histiofibromas, acanthoma and papilloma. Conclusion: the pigmented tumoral-like lesions of the skin could be the true pigmented cell tumours and the others, so the application of the histopathology and the immunohistochemistry after the clinical discovery helps to determine and classify the disease definitely and for the best orientation of treatment as well. Key words: skin tumour, benign pigmented tumour (Nevi), malignant pigmented tumour (melanoma), pigmented basocellular carcinoma

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document