scholarly journals Longitudinal Association Between Perceived Fatigability and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. e67-e73
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Salerno ◽  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Jacek K Urbanek ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Cognitive decline is consistently associated with diminished life satisfaction and inability to live independently. Identifying early, novel markers of cognitive decline is imperative for improving clinical detection and promoting long-term quality of life. Fatigability, one’s perceived exertion after a standardized walking task, has been associated with declines in physical function; however, it remains unclear as to whether these effects may also extend to cognitive function. Methods We examined whether perceived fatigability, assessed as the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after a 5 min slow-paced treadmill walk (0.67 m/s, 0% grade), is longitudinally associated with cognitive performance in the domains of memory, executive functions, language, and attention among 934 cognitively intact individuals aged at least 50 years participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA); Mage = 69.6 ± 10.1, 51.9% female participants. Continuous associations between RPE and each domain (individual test and composite scores) were assessed using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for demographics and comorbid conditions. Results In fully adjusted models, higher fatigability at baseline was associated with declines in all cognitive domains over an average 2.2 years of follow-up (p < .04 for all). Longitudinally, increased fatigability over time was associated with worsened executive functions (β= −0.01, p = .002). Conclusions These findings suggest that perceived fatigability after a standardized walking task may aid in identification of individuals at a higher risk of future cognitive decline. Future research should examine underlying biological mechanisms contributing to this relationship as well as whether future interventions may target fatigability in midlife to attenuate age-related cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Hearing: Observations From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Lun Kuo ◽  
Ann Zenobia Moore ◽  
Frank R. Lin ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Epigenetic Age Acceleration ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is highly prevalent among older adults, but the potential mechanisms and predictive markers for ARHL are lacking. Epigenetic age acceleration has been shown to be predictive of many age-associated diseases and mortality. However, the association between epigenetic age acceleration and hearing remains unknown. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between epigenetic age acceleration and audiometric hearing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).Methods: Participants with both DNA methylation and audiometric hearing measurements were included. The main independent variables are epigenetic age acceleration measures, including intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration—“IEAA,” Hannum age acceleration—“AgeAccelerationResidualHannum,” PhenoAge acceleration—“AgeAccelPheno,” GrimAge acceleration—“AgeAccelGrim,” and methylation-based pace of aging estimation—“DunedinPoAm.” The main dependent variable is speech-frequency pure tone average. Linear regression was used to assess the association between epigenetic age acceleration and hearing.Results: Among the 236 participants (52.5% female), after adjusting for age, sex, race, time difference between measurements, cardiovascular factors, and smoking history, the effect sizes were 0.11 995% CI: (–0.00, 0.23), p = 0.054] for Hannum’s clock, 0.08 [95% CI: (–0.03, 0.19), p = 0.143] for Horvath’s clock, 0.10 [95% CI: (–0.01, 0.21), p = 0.089] for PhenoAge, 0.20 [95% CI: (0.06, 0.33), p = 0.004] for GrimAge, and 0.21 [95% CI: (0.09, 0.33), p = 0.001] for DunedinPoAm.Discussion: The present study suggests that some epigenetic age acceleration measurements are associated with hearing. Future research is needed to study the potential subclinical cardiovascular causes of hearing and to investigate the longitudinal relationship between DNA methylation and hearing.

scholarly journals Behavioral interventions to benefit cognition (Intervenciones cognitivas para beneficiar la cognición)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Aaron Piepmeier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

With the growing population of older adults, the identification of treatment strategies to prevent or ameliorate age-related cognitive decline has been an important topic in recent years. After reviewing cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimentally designed studies, as well as evidence from narrative and meta-analytic reviews, the authors concluded that behavioral approaches such as physical activity, cognitive training, and dietary interventions show promising results. In addition, given the likelihood that multiple underlying mechanisms support cognitive function, research is currently focusing on how to combine lifestyle factors into multi-component interventions to generate greater and more meaningful effects. Though evidence for these enhanced benefits exists from animal studies, few multi-component studies have been performed with humans. However, the findings from these studies are promising and a continued pursuit of multi-component behavioral interventions to benefit cognitive performance is warranted. Given the world’s aging population and accompanying age-related health issues such as cognitive decline and dementia, future research should focus on understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for these effects in order to allow for the development of behavioral lifestyle prescriptions to benefit cognitive performance.Keywords. aging, cognitive function, exercise intervention, oxidative stress, cognitive engagement.Resumen. Con la creciente población de adultos mayores, la identificación de las estrategias de tratamiento para prevenir o mejorar el deterioro cognitivo relacionado con la edad ha sido un tema importante en los últimos años. Después de revisar estudios con diseños transversales, longitudinales y experimentales, así como la evidencia de revisiones de literatura narrativa y meta-analítica, los autores concluyen que los enfoques conductuales como la actividad física, el entrenamiento cognitivo y las intervenciones dietéticas muestran resultados prometedores. Además, dada la probabilidad de que múltiples mecanismos subyacentes apoyan la función cognitiva, las investigaciones se enfocan actualmente en la manera de cómo combinar factores del estilo de vida en las intervenciones con múltiples componentes para generar efectos mayores y más significativos. Aunque existe evidencia de estos beneficios a partir de estudios en animales, se han realizado pocos estudios de componentes múltiples en humanos. Sin embargo, los resultados de estos estudios son prometedores y se garantiza un seguimiento continuo de las intervenciones conductuales de componentes múltiples para beneficiar el rendimiento cognitivo. Teniendo en cuenta el envejecimiento de la población mundial y los problemas de salud relacionados con la edad que la acompañan, tales como el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia, la investigación futura debería centrarse en la comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos responsables de estos efectos con el fin de permitir el desarrollo de las prescripciones de comportamiento de estilo de vida para beneficiar el rendimiento cognitivo.Palabras claves. envejecimiento, funcionamiento cognitivo, intervención con ejercicio, estrés oxidativo, participación cognitiva.

scholarly journals Associations Between Perceived Fatigability and Amyloid Status in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ryan Dougherty ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Murat Bilgel ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pittsburgh Compound B ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Distribution Volume Ratio ◽  
Cortical Distribution

Abstract Higher level of and greater longitudinal increase in perceived fatigability are linked to cognitive decline and lower brain volumes in older adults. However, it remains unclear whether perceived fatigability is associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related brain pathology. In the BLSA, 163 participants without neurological disease or cognitive impairment (aged 74.7+/-8.4 years, 45% men) were assessed for perceived fatigability using rating of perceived exertion after a 5-minute (0.67 m/s) treadmill walk and Aß burden using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography. Forty-four participants were PiB+ based on a mean cortical distribution volume ratio (DVR) cut point of 1.066. After adjusting for demographics, body composition, comorbidities and ApoE-e4, higher perceived fatigability was not associated with PiB+ status (OR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.05). Results suggest perceived fatigability may contribute to cognitive decline through pathways other than Aß pathology. Future studies should target other mechanisms linking perceived fatigability and cognitive decline.

Cognitive Decline and It’s Risk Factors in the Elderly in China: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Duan ◽  
Jin Wen ◽  
Furang Hou ◽  
Ping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Prodromal Symptom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background Cognitive decline，a prodromal symptom of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with no effective treatment, often occurs in the elderly. Prevent the occurrence of diseases by controlling risk factors is the best way to reduce its harms. The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of the cognitive function decline. Methods This study included analyzed 4482 participants obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze the factors affecting the decline of cognitive function level of the elderly.Results According to this study, being female (OR 1.39), older (OR 1.34 to 5.73 from group 65~69 years to group age≥80 years), unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR 1.41), lower education (OR 2.37 to 45.36 from junior high school graduation to illiteracy), living in a rural area before 16 years (OR 1.87), keep smoking (OR 1.26), over napping (OR 1.28), underweight (OR 1.73), having difficulties with everyday activities (OR 1.25), and poor self-rated health (OR 1.36) were at higher risk of cognitive function decline in the elderly. While drinking once a month and above (OR 0.80), taking care of grandchildren in the last year (OR 0.71), overweight (OR 0.73), and obese (OR 0.63) were the protective factors. Conclusion Cognitive decline in the elderly was associated with several risk factors. Thus, future research should be focused on high risk elderly with these predictive factors, both to delineate mechanisms for development of cognitive decline and to evaluate preventive interventions.

scholarly journals Predictors of Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Korean Adults: The 2006–2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6345
Author(s):  
Minjeong Kang ◽  
Inhwan Lee ◽  
Haeryun Hong ◽  
Jeonghyeon Kim ◽  
Hyunsik Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Severe Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normal Cognition

Cognitive decline with normal aging varies widely among individuals. This study aimed to investigate predictors of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years and older. Data from 727 older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) survey from 2006 (baseline) until 2018 (seventh wave) were used. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination. The participants were retrospectively classified into normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and moderate/severe cognitive impairment. Education, income, religion, living area, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, handgrip strength, functional dependency, depression, comorbidity, medications, fall experience, and unintentional weight loss were included as covariates. A linear mixed regression analysis showed that a steeper decline in cognitive function over time was significantly associated with parameters of poor socio-economic status, health conditions, and unhealthy behaviors. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment or moderate/severe cognitive impairment were likely to have steeper cognitive declines compared with individuals with normal cognition. The current findings of the study showed that age-related cognitive decline was multifactorial in older Korean adults.

scholarly journals Quantifying Sub-Elite Youth Football Weekly Training Load and Recovery Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4871
Author(s):  
José E. Teixeira ◽  
Pedro Forte ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Miguel Leal ◽  
Joana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
External Training ◽  
Recovery Status

Monitoring the training load in football is an important strategy to improve athletic performance and an effective training periodization. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to quantify the weekly training load and recovery status variations performed by under-15, under-17 and under-19 sub-elite young football players; and (2) to analyze the influence of age, training day, weekly microcycle, training and playing position on the training load and recovery status. Twenty under-15, twenty under-17 and twenty under-19 players were monitored over a 2-week period during the first month of the 2019–2020 competitive season. Global positioning system technology (GPS) was used to collect external training loads: total distance covered, average speed, maximal running speed, relative high-speed running distance, high metabolic load distance, sprinting distance, dynamic stress load, accelerations and decelerations. Internal training load was monitored using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Recovery status was obtained using the total quality recovery (TQR) scale. The results show an age-related influence for external training load (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29–0.86; moderate to strong effect), internal training load (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.12–0.69; minimum to strong effect) and recovery status (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.59; strong effect). The external training load presented differences between training days (p < 0.05, d = 0.26–0.95; moderate to strong effect). The playing position had a minimum effect on the weekly training load (p < 0.05; d = 0.06–0.18). The weekly microcycle had a moderate effect in the TD (p < 0.05, d = 0.39), RPE (p < 0.05; d = 0.35) and sRPE (p < 0.05, d = 0.35). Interaction effects were found between the four factors analyzed for deceleration (F = 2.819, p = 0.017) and between inter-day, inter-week and age for total covered distance (F = 8.342, p = 0.008). This study provided specific insights about sub-elite youth football training load and recovery status to monitor training environments and load variations. Future research should include a longer monitoring period to assess training load and recovery variations across different season phases.

scholarly journals Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. Conclusions Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.

Internal Training Load Affects Day-After-Pretraining Perceived Fatigue in Female Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alexandru Nicolae Ungureanu ◽  
Corrado Lupo ◽  
Gennaro Boccia ◽  
Paolo Riccardo Brustio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Volleyball Players

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the internal (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE] and Edwards heart-rate-based method) and external training load (jumps) affect the presession well-being perception on the day after (ie, +22 h), according to age and tactical position, in elite (ie, Serie A2) female volleyball training. Methods: Ten female elite volleyball players (age = 23 [4] y, height = 1.82 [0.04] m, body mass = 73.2 [4.9] kg) had their heart rate monitored during 13 team (115 individual) training sessions (duration: 101 [8] min). Mixed-effect models were applied to evaluate whether sRPE, Edwards method, and jumps were correlated (P ≤ .05) to Hooper index factors (ie, perceived sleep quality/disorders, stress level, fatigue, and delayed-onset muscle soreness) in relation to age and tactical position (ie, hitters, central blockers, opposites, and setters). Results: The results showed a direct relationship between sRPE (P < .001) and presession well-being perception 22 hours apart, whereas the relationship was the inverse for Edwards method internal training load. Age, as well as the performed jumps, did not affect the well-being perception of the day after. Finally, central blockers experienced a higher delayed-onset muscle soreness than hitters (P = .003). Conclusions: Findings indicated that female volleyball players’ internal training load influences the pretraining well-being status on the day after (+ 22 h). Therefore, coaches can benefit from this information to accurately implement periodization in a short-term perspective and to properly adopt recovery strategies in relation to the players’ well-being status.

Bidirectional Association Between Depression and Hearing Loss: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110423
Author(s):  
Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

The relationship between depression and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is not fully understood. This study tested the bidirectional associations between clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDSs) and ARHL in middle-aged and older adults using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Among 3,418 participants free of baseline ARHL, baseline CSDS was associated with an increased odds of incident ARHL (odds ratio [OR]: 1.51). Cognitive decline, BMI, and arthritis partially mediated the longitudinal CSDS–ARHL association and explained 24% of the variance in the total effect. Among 4,921 participants without baseline CSDS, baseline ARHL was associated with an increased odds of incident CSDS (OR: 1.37). The bidirectional associations remained significant after adjustments for baseline demographic factors, comorbidities, and other health-related covariates. Depression may contribute to the development of ARHL, and vice versa. Interventions in depression, cognitive decline, and arthritis may delay the onset of ARHL and break the vicious circle between them.

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