Within- and Between-Person Relationships Among Health, Awareness of Aging, and Control Beliefs: A Microlongitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghao Zhang ◽  
Shevaun D Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Control beliefs are bidirectionally related to physical and cognitive health, and control beliefs are associated with awareness of aging (subjective age and awareness of age-related change [AARC]), but it is unclear how these processes unfold within persons over time. We examine these relationships from both between- and within-person perspectives. Methods: Older adults (n = 116) ranging in age from 60 to 90 (M = 64.71) completed a 9-day daily diary study online, resulting in 743 total days. Participants reported their sociodemographic characteristics on Day 1 and physical symptoms, memory failures, felt age, daily AARC gain and loss experiences, and control beliefs on Days 2–9. Results Within-person deviations from one’s typical awareness of aging (AARC losses, AARC gains, and subjective age) were associated with fluctuations in control beliefs. Multilevel mediation results showed that between-person AARC losses mediated the relationship between health (both physical symptoms and memory failures) and control beliefs, whereas both within- and between-person control beliefs mediated the relationship between physical health and AARC losses. Model fit comparisons showed that models with control beliefs mediating health and awareness of aging fit better than models with awareness of aging mediating health and control beliefs. Discussion Our findings suggest that within-person physical and cognitive health indicators were associated with awareness of aging indirectly through control beliefs. Although between-person differences in AARC losses may link health and control beliefs, our results suggest that a more consistent pattern involves control beliefs linking health and awareness of aging.

scholarly journals Awareness of Aging Mediates the Relationship Between Health and Control Beliefs: A Micro-Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 448-448
Author(s):  
Shenghao Zhang ◽  
Shevaun Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Control

Abstract Objective: Control beliefs are bidirectionally related to physical and cognitive health, but it is unclear how health influences control beliefs. Health-related experiences (physical symptoms and memory failures) on a particular day can make older adults more aware of their aging, and may subsequently lead to lower control beliefs. We propose that awareness of aging constructs (subjective age and awareness of age-related change [AARC]) could function as mediating mechanisms between health and control beliefs, and examine this relationship from both between- and within-person perspectives separately for domain-general and domain-specific control beliefs. Methods: Older adults (n=116) ranging in age from 60 to 90 (M=64.71) completed a nine-day daily diary study online, resulting in 743 total days. Participants reported their physical symptoms, memory failures, felt age, daily AARC gain and loss experiences, and control beliefs on Days 2-9. Results: Multilevel mediation results showed that between-person AARC losses mediated the relationship between physical symptoms and both domain-general and domain-specific control over physical symptoms. Between-person AARC losses also mediated the relationship between memory failures and both domain-general and domain-specific control over memory. AARC gains and subjective age did not mediate the relationship between health and control beliefs. Discussion: Our findings suggest that between-person differences in AARC losses function as underlying mechanisms linking health and control beliefs. Efforts to reduce AARC losses may lessen the negative impact of health problems on control beliefs for older adults.

scholarly journals TRAIT AND STATE SUBJECTIVE AGING INTERACT TO PREDICT DAILY CONTROL BELIEFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S52-S52
Author(s):  
Shenghao Zhang ◽  
Shevaun D Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Subjective Aging

Abstract We examine trait and state subjective aging as antecedents of control beliefs in older adults with a daily diary design. Adults (n=116) ranging in age from 60 to 90 (M=64.71) completed a nine-day daily diary study online. Participants reported trait aging attitudes (Attitudes Towards Own Aging; ATOA) on Day 1 and daily Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC) of loss and gain experiences and control beliefs (Locus of Control and Perceived Competence) on Days 2-9. Controlling for demographics and known antecedents of control beliefs (health, stressors, emotional well-being, and cognition), daily increases in AARC gain were associated with increases in both Locus of Control and Perceived Competence, and a cross-level interaction revealed that Locus of Control decreased for those with more positive ATOA on days when they reported more AARC losses. Discussion will focus on interpreting the interaction between trait and state subjective aging.

scholarly journals Effect of Mobile Self-regulatory Concepts Training on the Mental Health of Red Crescent Society Relief Workers in Yazd

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Regulatory Training

INTRODUCTION: Mental health which is recognized as one of the leading health indicators and a key component of a healthy life can be influenced by multiple factors. METHODS: The current study aimed to develop a mobile self-regulatory concepts training program and determine its effectiveness on the mental health of Red Crescent Society relief workers in Yazd. This quasi-experimental applied research was conducted based on a control group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study included all 500 Red Crescent aid workers in Yazd in 2019, out of whom 30 cases were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (n=15). The General Health Questionnaire developed by Goldberg (1972) was used for data collection. The experimental group received 11 60-minute sessions of mobile self-regulatory training. FINDINGS: Based on the results, mobile self-regulatory concepts training was effective in the mental health of Red Crescent Society aid workers in Yazd. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, mobile self-regulatory training improves physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression

scholarly journals Feeling Young and in Control: Daily Control Beliefs Are Associated With Younger Subjective Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. e13-e17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Bellingtier ◽  
Shevaun D Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Daily Variations ◽  
Average Control

Abstract Objectives Daily variations in control beliefs are associated with developmental outcomes. We predicted that on days when older adults feel more in control than their personal average, they would also report feeling younger, and explored the relationship in younger adults. Method A total of 116 older and 107 younger adults completed a 9-day daily diary study. On Day 1 participants reported on demographic variables. On Days 2–9, participants reported their daily subjective age, daily control beliefs, daily stressors, and daily physical health symptoms. All measures were completed online via Qualtrics. Results were analyzed using multilevel models. Results Controlling for age, gender, education, daily stressors, daily physical health, and average control, there was a significant main effect of daily control beliefs on daily subjective age. Older adults felt significantly younger on days with a greater sense of control than usual, but this effect was absent in younger adults. For younger adults, average exposure to daily stressors and daily fluctuations in physical health were better predictors of daily subjective age. Discussion These findings suggest that higher daily control is associated with younger subjective ages in older adults, whereas other factors may play a more central role in the daily variations of younger adults’ subjective ages.

scholarly journals Perceiving More Age-Related Losses? The Role of General Control Beliefs and Daily Disturbance to Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Xianghe Zhu ◽  
Shevaun Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Future Plans

Abstract We examined daily fluctuations in future time perspective within the daily stress and awareness of aging processes. Awareness of age-related change (AARC) focuses on everyday experiences that highlight changes in behavior and functioning as a result of growing older. We integrated individual differences in control beliefs because those with higher control tend to be more resilient to stressors. We conducted a daily diary study of 112 older adults (aged 60-90) who completed measures of control beliefs at baseline and then daily measures of stressor exposure, appraisal (e.g., threats to future plans), and AARC for eight consecutive days. Increases in threats to future plans were associated with increases in AARC losses, and those with low control were especially vulnerable to increases in threats to future plans. With a constricted future time perspective, any threats to future plans may be especially harmful for older adults who are low in control beliefs.

Social factors may mediate the relationship between subjective age-related hearing loss and episodic memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
David G. Loughrey ◽  
Joanne Feeney ◽  
Frank Kee ◽  
Brian A. Lawlor ◽  
Jayne V. Woodside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Subjective Age and Emotion Covariation: Findings From Two Daily Experience Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Shrira ◽  
Dikla Segel-Karpas ◽  
Ehud Bodner ◽  
Yuval Palgi
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Emotional Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This article focuses on an aspect of emotional complexity as seen in the covariation between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Lifespan theories predict distinctive patterns of change in emotion covariation with chronological age. Nevertheless, research shows mixed evidence with most studies failing to find a significant connection between chronological age and emotion covariation. We propose to look beyond chronological age and assess the relationship between subjective age and emotion covariation. Subjective age refers to how old one perceives oneself to be, and therefore may be more pertinent to one’s emotional experience than chronological age. We further explored whether the relationship between subjective age and emotion covariation is modified by chronological age. Method We used data from 2 daily diary study samples (N = 188, mean age = 57.84, range = 29–100, and N = 334, mean age = 58.15, range = 30–90). Results Multilevel models showed that individuals who perceived themselves as older showed stronger inverse PA–NA relationship, reflecting lower emotional complexity. Chronological age (net of subjective age) and emotion covariation were unrelated in both samples. Moreover, in Study 2 there was a 3-way interaction between PA, subjective age and chronological age, suggesting that subjective age is more strongly related to emotion covariation among older adults than among younger adults. Discussion The relationship between subjective age and emotion covariation is discussed in light of lifespan theories.

scholarly journals Human livelihoods and protected areas in Gabon: a cross-sectional comparison of welfare and consumption patterns

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Foerster ◽  
David S. Wilkie ◽  
Gilda A. Morelli ◽  
Josefien Demmer ◽  
Malcolm Starkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Household Livelihood ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUnderstanding the role that protected areas play in the livelihood security of local communities is essential to ensure that local people are not left shouldering the costs of what is a public good, and to help maintain robust local and national constituencies for biodiversity conservation. To provide baseline data for a longitudinal study on the effects of newly established national parks on human livelihoods in Gabon we conducted a cross-sectional study that compared livelihood indicators between communities that do, and do not, use natural resources within protected areas. We interviewed 2,035 households in 117 villages at four sites, recording income, consumption, education, health indicators and social capital, and village characteristics such as distance to markets, distance to park boundaries, and land cover within a 5-km radius. Our results indicated that closed rainforest coverage was greater around park than control villages and that this difference was associated with a greater reliance of park households on forest resources. However, we found no systematic differences in most livelihood measures between park and control households. Instead, the relationship between household livelihood measures and proximity to parks varied in idiosyncratic ways between sites, suggesting that determinants of human welfare are highly localized and cannot be generalized to larger spatial scales.

Factors Associated with the Intention of Health Care Personnel to Respond to a Disaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionOver the past decade, numerous groups of researchers have studied the willingness of health care personnel (HCP) to respond when a disaster threatens the health of a community. Not one of those studies reported that 100% of HCP were willing to work during a public-health event (PHE).ProblemThe objective of this study was to explore factors associated with the intent of HCP to respond to a future PHE.MethodsThe theory of planned behavior (TPB) framed this cross-sectional study. Data were obtained via a web-based survey from 305 HCP. Linear associations between the TPB-based predictor and outcome variables were examined using Pearson's correlations. Differences between two groups of HCP were calculated using independent t tests. A model-generating approach was used to develop and assess a series of TBP-based observed variable structural equation models for prediction of intent to respond to a future PHE and to explore moderating and mediating effects.ResultsThe beginning patterns of relationships identified by the correlation matrix and t tests were evident in the final structural equation model, even though the patterns of prediction differed from those posited by the theory. Outcome beliefs had both a significant, direct effect on intention and an indirect effect on intention that was mediated by perceived behavioral control. Control beliefs appeared to influence intention through perceived behavioral control, as posited by the TPB, and unexpectedly through subjective norm. Subjective norm not only mediated the relationship between control beliefs and intention, but also the relationship between referent beliefs and intention. Additionally, professional affiliation seemed to have a moderating effect on intention.ConclusionThe intention to respond was influenced primarily by normative and control factors. The intent of nurses to respond to a future PHE was influenced most by the control factors, whereas the intent of other HCP was shaped more by the normative factors. Health care educators can bolster the normative and control factors through education by focusing on team building and knowledge related to accessing supplies and support needed to respond when a disaster occurs.ConnorSB. Factors associated with the intention of health care personnel to respond to a disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-6.

scholarly journals Do Control Beliefs Moderate the Relationship Between Function and Physical Activity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Teas ◽  
Elliot Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Most older adults get far less than recommended levels of physical activity (PA), and interventions to improve PA have limited effectiveness. Barriers to PA include reduced physical function (PF) and diminished feelings of control, but their interactive influences on PA in older adults are unclear. Using two methodologies, the current study determined whether control beliefs modify the relationship between PF and PA. Data were from the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study; the sample was constrained to participants with PA greater than 0 (n= 955, mean age= 54.27). PF (grip strength, gait speed, and chair stands) was measured during a clinic visit. Participants were asked about routine PA, from which a Metabolic Equivalent of Task score was calculated, and the extent to which they believed they have control over their life (0-7 scale). In linear regression models, including interactions between control beliefs and PF variables, gait speed and control were associated with PA; none of the interaction terms were significant. The second model used a person-centered approach to explore the potential of non-linear relationships and differences in groups of people by creating typologies. The group with low control and slow gait speed had significantly lower PA than the other three groups. Results suggest nuanced associations among PA, PF, and control beliefs where feelings of control may compensate for slow gait speed in particular. They also support the use of person-centered approaches to identify non-linear associations between modifiable protective factors and key outcomes in aging research.

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