Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men: An Application of the Stress Process Model

Background:Although physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, research on the mental health benefits of PA in older adults is limited. Moreover, the psychosocial factors that might mediate or moderate the relationship between PA and depression in this population are largely unexplored.Methods:Using a sample of adults age 65 and older (N = 2736), we examined whether the major components of the stress process model (stress, social support, mastery, self-esteem) and physical health mediate or moderate the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms.Results:Physical health has the single largest effect, accounting for 45% of the effect of PA on depression. The stress process model, with physical health included, accounts for 70% of the relationship between PA and depression.Conclusions:Among older adults with above average levels of perceived mastery, greater physical activity is associated with higher levels of depression. Limitations and directions for further research are discussed.

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The Effects of Multiple Dimensions of Risk and Protective Factors on Depressive Symptoms Among Nonresident African American Fathers

American Journal of Community Psychology ◽

10.1002/ajcp.12275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (3-4) ◽

pp. 464-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazumi Tsuchiya ◽

Yiqing Qian ◽

Alvin Thomas ◽

E. Hill De Loney ◽

Cleopatra Howard Caldwell

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

African American Fathers ◽

Multiple Dimensions

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Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Attempt Among Indigenous Māori Youth in New Zealand: The Role of Family Connection

International Journal of Indigenous Health ◽

10.18357/ijih71201112350 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Terryann C. Clark ◽

Elizabeth Robinson ◽

Sue Crengle ◽

Theresa Fleming ◽

Shanthi Ameratunga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

New Zealand ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Relationship ◽

Family Connection

The purpose of this study was to (1) describe risk and protective factors associated with a suicide attempt for Māori youth and (2) explore whether family connection moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide attempts for Māori youth. Secondary analysis was conducted with 1702 Māori young people aged 12–18 years from an anonymous representative national school-based survey of New Zealand (NZ) youth in 2001. A logistic regression and a multivariable model were developed to identify risk and protective factors associated with suicide attempt. An interaction term was used to identify whether family connection acts as a moderator between depressive symptoms and a suicide attempt. Risk factors from the logistic regression for a suicide attempt in the past year were depressive symptoms (OR = 4.3, p < 0.0001), having a close friend or family member commit suicide (OR = 4.2, p < 0.0001), being 12–15 years old (reference group: 16–18 years) (OR = 2.7, p < 0.0001), having anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.3, p = 0.0073), witnessing an adult hit another adult or a child in the home (OR = 1.8, p = 0.001), and being uncomfortable in NZ European social surroundings (OR = 1.7, p = 0.0040). Family connection was associated with fewer suicide attempts (OR = 0.9, p = 0.0002), but this factor did not moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide attempt (χ2 = 2.84, df = 1, p = 0.09). Family connection acts as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the risk of suicide attempts for Māori students with depressive symptoms, not as a moderating variable.

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RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN DAILY CAREGIVING

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S544-S544

Author(s):

Maria Yefimova ◽

Carolyn Pickering ◽

Christopher Maxwell ◽

Frank Puga ◽

Tami Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Process Model ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Care Recipient ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Abuse And Neglect

Abstract The stress-process model suggests a variety of factors related to the stress-experience as important in the formation of outcomes including elder abuse and neglect (EAN). Multi-level modeling with days (n=831) nested within caregivers (N=50) was used to evaluate relationships between theoretically-based risk and protective factors and odds of EAN. Disruptions in the daily routine are a significant risk factor for abuse and neglect. Participating in a meaningful activity at least twice a day with the care recipient is a significant protective factor for neglect (OR=0.19; CI=0.06-0.64; p=0.01), but not abuse. Hypotheses that spending the full day together would increase the risk of EAN, and receipt of instrumental support and caregiver participation in self-care would decrease risk, were not supported. Findings demonstrate that the risk of EAN varies from day-to-day in the presence and absence of contextual factors. Moreover, abuse and neglect may have different etiologic pathways.

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THE SOCIOCULTURAL STRESS PROCESS MODEL APPLIED TO LONG-DISTANCE CAREGIVING

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S557-S557

Author(s):

Verena R Cimarolli ◽

Amy Horowitz ◽

Danielle Jimenez ◽

Xiaomei Shi ◽

Francesca Falzarano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Process Model ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Stress Process ◽

Stress Process Model ◽

Sociocultural Stress ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study investigated the impact of LDC on mental health utilizing the Sociocultural Stress Process Model as a conceptual framework. A path analytic model tested the impact of caregiving stressors (i.e. distance, frequencies of visits, hours spent helping, burden) and sociocultural values (i.e. familialism) on LDCs’ mental health outcomes (i.e. depression, anxiety), and resources (i.e. coping strategies, social support) which can mediate the association between stressors and mental health outcomes while controlling for socio-demographics. Results show that resources did not mediate the effects of stressors on the mental health outcomes. However, both higher depression and anxiety were associated with living closer to the care recipient (CR), less frequent visits, higher burden, being younger, being female, and less optimal income adequacy. In addition, higher depression was associated with lower use of coping strategies and higher education. Higher anxiety was also associated with lower levels of social support and higher familialism.

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