scholarly journals Are Differences in Bedtimes Bad for Relationships? Associations With Attachment and Conflict in Middle-Aged Couples

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 469-469
Author(s):  
Joshua Novak ◽  
Stephanie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Marital Therapy ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Safety ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
Conflict Frequency

Abstract A robust body of literature has found birdirectional associations between sleep quality and marital quality in couple relationships (Hasler & Troxel, 2010; Pearlin, 2010). Additionally, dyadic research shows that differences in couples’ bed time routines and habits is associated with mental health outcomes (Chen, 2018), however the literature has not connected them with other marital processes that are mutable and clinically relevant. Attachment theory provides a clinically relevant framework that captures both interpersonal marital processes such as relationship conflict as well intrapersonal processes of individual emotional safety—essentially individuals’ personal strategies to balance closeness and distance in a relationship (Feeney, 2002; Rhodes et al., 2001). The two main attachment styles related to sleep processes are attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety (Collins et al., 2002; Gun, 2015; Troxel, 2007). Utilizing data from 234 couple dyads, we investigated if differences in partners’ bed times is associated with conflict frequency and attachment avoidance using a structural equation modeling approach. We controlled for a number of important factors and tested our hypothesized model against two plausible alternative models. Results revealed that greater difference in partners’ bed times was associated with higher conflict frequency for both husbands and wives through higher men’s attachment avoidance. Our findings highlight previous research on matched vs. unmatched couples on sleep routines, habits, and chronotypes (both morning or night vs. different; Larson et al., 1991) but highlight mutable and clinically relevant constructs for intervention. Implications for health promotion and marital therapy will be discussed.

Associations of Childhood Maltreatment and Attachment Styles with Romantic Breakup Grief Severity: The Role of Emotional Suppression

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199743
Author(s):  
Rasoul Heshmati ◽  
Mehdi Zemestani ◽  
Anka Vujanovic
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Romantic Breakup

Childhood maltreatment (CM) and insecure attachment styles may partly explain grief severity following romantic breakup. Empirical studies examining the factors that could possibly explain this association, however, remain sparse. The present study tested whether the relations among CM, attachment styles, and romantic breakup grief severity could be explained by emotional suppression in Iranian college students. In a cross-sectional study, 239 Iranian college students (ages 18–45; M = 24.11, SD = 15.29; 50.6% women) with a recent romantic breakup experience were recruited from University of Tabriz. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and self-report battery, including the Persian version of the Child Abuse Self-Reported Scale, Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Romantic Breakup Grief Inventory, and Weinberger Adjustment Inventory. Structural equation modeling was used to empirically explore the relations among variables. Results indicated that those who reported higher levels of CM also reported higher levels of romantic breakup grief. Attachment closeness showed a significant negative and direct effect on romantic breakup grief severity. However, attachment anxiety was positively associated with greater levels of romantic breakup grief. Bootstrapping results showed that CM might affect romantic breakup grief severity via emotional suppression. Furthermore, attachment closeness and attachment anxiety exerted indirect effects on romantic breakup grief severity through emotional suppression. Clinical and empirical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Attachment Style, Complicated Grief and Post-Traumatic Growth in Traumatic Loss: The Role of Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-644
Author(s):  
Hyu Jung Huh ◽  
Kyung Hee Kim ◽  
Hee-Kyung Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Chae
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Traumatic Loss ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective The present study examines the effects of attachment styles on the grief response and the indirect effect of rumination in parents who lost a child in the Sewol Ferry accident.Methods Bereaved parents (n=81) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their attachment style (Experience in Close Relationship-Short form), traumatic loss related rumination (Event-Related Rumination Inventory), degree of complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief), and post-traumatic growth (Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory). Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping.Results The indirect effect of event-related intrusive rumination was significant in the relationship between attachment avoidance and complicated grief. The path from attachment avoidance to post-traumatic growth via deliberate rumination was not significant. With respect toattachment anxiety and post-traumatic growth, the indirect effect of deliberate rumination was significant. But the indirect effect of intrusive rumination was not significant in the relationships among attachment anxiety, complicated grief, and post-traumatic growth.Conclusion Individuals with attachment anxiety could obtain post-traumatic growth via deliberate rumination. By contrast, attachment avoidance was associated with the risk of maladaptive grief. Grief interventions should account for individual differences in attachment styles through interventions that manage intrusive rumination and strengthen deliberate rumination.

scholarly journals Positive and negative behaviours resulting from brand attachment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Japutra ◽  
Yuksel Ekinci ◽  
Lyndon Simkin
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Brand Attachment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between brand attachment and consumers’ positive and negative behaviours. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effects of attachment styles on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a survey of 432 respondents, and the data are analysed using the structural equation modelling approach.FindingsThis study empirically supports that brand attachment and attachment styles (i.e. anxiety attachment and avoidance attachment) are distinct. Brand attachment influences consumers’ not only positive behaviour (i.e. brand loyalty) but also negative behaviours, such as trash-talking, schadenfreude and anti-brand actions. The findings of the study suggest that only avoidance attachment style moderates the relationships between brand attachment and these consumer behaviours. The link between brand attachment and brand loyalty is attenuated for high-attachment-avoidance consumers. In contrast, the links between brand attachment and trash-talking, schadenfreude and anti-brand actions are strengthened.Practical implicationsThis study assists marketing managers in understanding that a strong brand attachment may result in negative behaviours that can harm a company’s brand image. Thus, building a strong relationship with consumers will not always be beneficial. Companies should be aware of the consequences of building relationships with consumers who have a high level of attachment anxiety and/or avoidance.Originality/valueThis paper highlights that brand attachment not only influences brand loyalty behaviour but also three negative behaviours: trash-talking, schadenfreude and anti-brand actions. Moreover, the links between brand attachment and negative behaviours are strengthened when consumers have a high level of attachment avoidance.

Perceptions of Sex Offenders’ Partners: Associated with Perceptions of Offenders and Influenced by Attachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Martens ◽  
Jessica L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Little research exists on how partners of sex offenders are perceived. Using attachment theory, we hypothesised that one's attachment would generalise to perceptions of sexual offenders and their partners. One hundred and six British adults’ attachment styles were assessed, as well as perceptions of sex offenders and their partners. Generally, perceivers’ attachment avoidance was associated with positive perceptions of both partners and offenders, while attachment anxiety was associated with negative perceptions of partners but positive perceptions of sex offenders. Perceptions of sex offenders and their partners were highly correlated and negative in nature, and sex offenders were more negatively perceived.

Modeling Structural Equations of Relationships between Attachment Styles and Self-Differentiation with Academic Performance of University Students with the Mediating Role of Health Promoting Lifestyle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vafa Mostafa ◽  
Hajar Falahzadeh ◽  
Sorur Ahmadi ◽  
Omid Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Health Promoting Lifestyle ◽  
Self Differentiation

Aim: The aim of this study was to test the structural equation model of relationships between attachment styles and self-differentiation with academic performance of university students with the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle. Methods: The method of this research was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University (1554 people) in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample size was estimated to be 308 based on Cochran formula. Eventually 305 questionnaires were finalized. Research tools included the Self-Distinction Questionnaire (Skowron & Schmitt, 2003), the Adults Attachment Inventory (AAI) (Hazen and Shaver, 1987), the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sichrist & Pender, 1995) and the Educational Performance Test (Pham and Taylor, 1999) were used and data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Pearson correlation, path analysis and structural equation modeling) using SPSS 23 and AMOS 26 statistical softwares. Findings: The results showed that attachment styles and self-differentiation have a significant relationship with academic performance and these variables are able to directly predict academic performance (p<0.01). Promotional lifestyles can also play a mediating role between attachment styles and self-differentiation with academic performance (p<0.01). Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between attachment styles, self-differentiation and health-promoting lifestyle with academic performance, special attention to these variables is necessary to improve student performance.

Exploring Mediators of the Link Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Attempted or Completed Rape in a Mixed Gender College Sample

Partner Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Vanessa Tirone ◽  
Terasa Lillis ◽  
Jennifer Katz ◽  
Todd Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
Mixed Gender

Research is needed to better understand risk for sexual revictimization following childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Using single and multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, we examined (a) whether the relation between CSA and attempted or completed rape was mediated by attachment insecurity (either anxiety or avoidance) and sexual motives and (b) whether these models differed significantly by gender. Sexually active college students (920; 59% women, 84% White, 96% heterosexual) were recruited for an Internet-based self-report cross-sectional survey study. About half (49%) of individuals who experienced CSA also experienced victimization since age 14. Thirty-five percent of women and 18% of men reported rape or attempted rape since age 14. In Model 1 attachment anxiety only partially mediated revictimization for women. In Model 2 attachment avoidance did not mediate revictimization. In both models avoidance motives for sex partially mediated revictimization for women and men but this effect was stronger for men. These findings underscore the importance of conducting sexual revictimization research in mixed-gender samples. Our results suggest that rates of men's victimization may be higher than previously assumed, and evaluating gender differences with modeling techniques may help identify variables (i.e., attachment anxiety) that explain the greater prevalence of sexual assault in adulthood among women.

Effect of Attachment Style on Selective Attention in Panic Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-560
Author(s):  
Ottilia Klipsch ◽  
Henning Schauenburg ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Cord Benecke ◽  
Ulrike Dinger
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Threat

Introduction: Given the heterogeneity of results in the attentional bias to threatening information in patients with panic disorder, we investigated the attentional bias toward threat and the moderating effect of attachment styles in a female-only sample of panic patients and a nonclinical control group. Methods: Female panic patients (n = 47) were compared to a female control group (n = 47) using a modified Dot Probe Task with body-related and interpersonal threat as well as attachment positive words. Results: An attentional bias toward threat words was not replicated. Furthermore, there was no moderation effect on attentional bias by attachment styles. However, high attachment avoidance was associated with faster reaction times (RT) in attachment positive compared to attachment threat trials in both groups. In the patient group, attachment anxiety was associated with faster RT in panic threat trials compared to attachment positive trials. Anxiously attached controls reacted faster to attachment positive vs. attachment threat trials. Discussion: No attentional bias was found in the present study. However, the findings suggest that attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety differently influence attention responses to trials that include different emotional stimuli in clinical and nonclinical, female participants. Attachment insecurity may modify attention when processing trials including both, threat and positive stimuli.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Experience in Close Relationship Scale 12 (ECR-12): an exploratory structural equation modeling study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Brugnera ◽  
Cristina Zarbo ◽  
Benedetto Farina ◽  
Angelo Picardi ◽  
Andrea Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Close Relationship

The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) is one of the most commonly used self-report instruments of adult attachment and has been widely adopted in psychotherapy research. Composed of two subscales, namely Attachment Avoidance and Anxiety, the ECR was recently shortened to a 12-items version, called the ECR-12. Given the importance of extending knowledge on its applicability in understudied populations, our aim was to validate the ECR-12 in a large sample of Italian native-speakers. A total of 1197 participants (73.2% females; mean age=28.53±11.37 years) completed the ECR-12. Each participant also completed other measures of attachment, psychopathology, interpersonal distress, coping strategies, and well-being. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed an excellent fit of the data, providing support for the two-dimensional orthogonal structure of the ECR-12. In addition, the measurement model was invariant across genders. Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance subscales demonstrated good internal reliability, with McDonald’s Omegas and Cronbach’s Alphas above the suggested 0.8 cut-off. Finally, the Italian version of ECR-12 showed adequate convergent, concurrent, and divergent validity. Highly anxious individuals reported the highest levels of maladaptive interpersonal functioning and coping strategies, resulting in lower well-being. Interestingly, both attachment insecurity dimensions predicted higher levels of psychopathology, even after controlling for demographic variables and levels of self-reported relational difficulties. Given the good psychometric properties of the ECR-12, researchers and practitioners in Italy are encouraged to adopt the ECR-12 in their future research on adult attachment in psychotherapy.

Effect of Spiritually Dimensions on Martial Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Kamal Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Cross Sectional

Spiritually is an essential part of our physical and mental well-being. Spirituality dimensions also effects marital quality. This paper presents evidences that there exists a positive effect of spirituality dimensions on marital satisfaction. The results are proved through structural equation modeling among the latent variables- direct relationship with God, relationship with God through others and martial satisfaction- in a cross-sectional study of 382 married adults aged 18 to 48 years comprising of 225 males and 157 female respondents. Data was collected in Delhi NCR region through self-administrated questionnaire formulated through marital quality index (Norton, 1983)15 and daily spiritual scale (Underwood, 2002)19. Results of structural equation modeling suggest that there is a positive impact of spirituality dimensions on marital satisfaction.

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of an Instrument: A Preliminary Study of Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) among Counsellor Trainees in a University

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Anis Nurshafiqah Azhar ◽  
Nor Mazlina Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Study

The study aims to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of Experience in Close Relationship among counsellor trainees in one of the local universities. The questionnaire had 36 items that were tested on 58 students from Bachelor of Counselling with Honours program. The Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) is used to assess attachment styles. The ECR assesses individual on two sub-scale of attachment which are attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. This study presented listed items and internal consistency reliability analysis of Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) in Malaysian context. The explanation on the items and reliability analysis represents the appropriateness of the instrument to trainee counsellors from public universities. The two sub-scale showed high reliability analysis. The reliability values of two sub-scale are reported respectively as following (i) attachment anxiety α = .86; and (ii) attachment avoidance α = .93. The instrument is reliable for assessing the attachment styles towards counsellor trainees at public universities. Therefore, the results from the pilot study showed that the questionnaire can be used without any modification in the actual study. Keywords: Reliability; Experience in Close Relationship Scale; Counsellor Trainees; Preliminary study

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