scholarly journals Racism and Cumulative Dis/Advantage in Healthcare Access: Implications for the Life Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 586-586
Author(s):  
Dale Dannefer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Race Bias ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Despite its origins in the study of race in America in Gunnar Myrdal’s American Dilemma, research on cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) and the life course has paid little attention to the significance of racism in the overall production and patterning of CDA. Building on recent work that has reviewed the life-course implications of the inscribing of racist interests in social policy, this paper explores the life-course implications of race bias in another domain, specifically the domain of medical diagnosis, where algorithm formulas have been shown to disadvantage black patients based on economic and other parameters. Even with training, experimental evidence comparing human and AI diagnostics have demonstrated that despite improvements, residual racism is evident in differential diagnoses. We consider the life-course implications of this and similar race-based differentials in organizational decision-making as a component in systems of cumulating dis/advantage.

What is ‘impact’? Learning from examples across the professional life course

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Tina Haux
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Life Course

The inclusion of research impact in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework in the UK (REF2014) was greeted with scepticism by the academic community, not least due to the challenges of defining and measuring the nature and significance of impact. A new analytical framework of the nature of impact is developed in this chapter and it distinguishes between policy creation, direction, discourse and practice. This framework is then applied to the top-ranked impact case studies in the REF2014 from the Social Work and Social Policy sub-panel and the ESRC Early Career Impact Prize Winners in order to assess impact across the life-course of academics.  

Whose life is it anyway? The life course as an observational medium in the education system

2020 ◽  
pp. 147490412096242
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Corsi
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Education System ◽  
Autonomous Observers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

System theory defines the life course ( Lebenslauf) as the medium of education. It is a medium, because the educator sees it as a potential for intervention, impressing pedagogically acceptable forms onto it. Yet the single individuals who are educated are autonomous observers who are exposed to an immense quantity of possible configurations of their lives. This raises a first question: how can education legitimate intentions and motivate pupils to accept the forms with which they collaborate, but which they have not chosen for themselves? A further question is raised by the fact that the life course does not coincide with the ‘career’ that each individual constructs for himself during his lifetime, when he is oriented towards roles in organisational terms (such as jobs) or that are in any case external to the system of education. This paper proposes the hypothesis that the life course and the career are coupled to each other by means of educational selection (certificates and qualifications). While this increases the potential available to the individual, it also increases uncertainty, the burden of decision-making and related risks. One skill that could be developed during education is the ability to manage this potential for combinations.

scholarly journals Adults Only: Disability, Social Policy and the Life Course

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK PRIESTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between disability, generation and social policy. The moral and legislative framework for the post-war welfare settlement was grounded in a long-standing cultural construction of ‘normal’ life course progression. Disability and age (along with gender) were the key components in this construction, defining broad categories of welfare dependency and labour force exemption. However, social changes and the emergence of new policy discourses have brought into question the way in which we think about dependency and welfare at the end of the twentieth century. The article suggests that, as policy-makers pursue their millennial settlement with mothers, children and older people, they also may be forced to reconstruct the relationship between disabled people and the welfare state.

scholarly journals Rural and Urban Dwelling Across the Life-Course and Late-Life Cognitive Ability in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
Joseph Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract BACKGROUND: Research has consistently suggested urban dwelling in late adulthood is associated with better cognitive ability. Whether early life rural/urban dwelling and its interaction with late-life rural/urban dwelling relate with late-life cognitive ability in the context of Mexico is not well understood. METHOD: Data comes from the 2003 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Early life rural/urban was assessed as respondents’ reports of growing up in an urban/rural area. Current rural/urban was assessed by locality size (greater/fewer than 100,000 residents). RESULTS: Both early life and current rural residence were associated with poorer cognitive ability independent of education, literacy, early life SES and health, income/wealth, healthcare access, health, and health behaviors. Compared to individuals who always lived in rural areas, rural to urban migration was associated with better cognitive ability. DISCUSSION: In addition to current rural/urban dwelling, researchers should consider where individuals lived in early life and migration across the life-course.

Re-Writing Social Policy and Changes within the Life Course Organisation. A European Perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Guillemard
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Cycle De Vie ◽  
Sortie Précoce ◽  
The Life Course

RÉSUMÉLe mouvement de sortie précoce d'activité observé ces dernières années en Europe résulte d'autres mécanismes de protection sociale que ceux de l'assurance vieillesse et n'est pas dû à une simple avance du calendrier de l'âge de départ à la retraite.Deux systèmes ont été particulièrement sollicités pour assurer la prise en charge des travailleurs âgés: l'assurance invalidité et l'assurance chômage. Des dispositifs de «préretraite» ont également facilité, par une indemnisation, les sorties anticipées de ces travailleurs, actifs ou au chômage.L'édifice de protection sociale des pays européens a été ainsi profondément intransformé, les risques et les logiques de prise en charge, se mêlant de manière inextricable.De plus, ces nouvelles formes de transition entre activité et retraite sont révélatrices de réorganisations en cours, sur tous les parcours des âgées. Une des implications du mouvement massif de sortie précoce d'activité a été que le cycle de vie ternaire marqué par des seuils (âge de scolarité, âge de droit à la retraite …), facteur important de socialisation, se décompose. Il est remplacé progressivement par une nouvelle flexibilité de l'organisation de la fin du cycle de vie. Une telle évolution incite à repenser le système de protection sociale dans le sens d'une moindre articulation à une division ternaire du cycle de vie. Dans cette perspective le concept même de retraite et de transferts sociaux pour l'inactivité définitive perd de sa pertinence.

Lost Childhoods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Soyer
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Childhood Traumas ◽  
The Life Course

Lost Childhoods focuses on the life-course histories of thirty young men serving time in the adult prison system in Pennsylvania for crimes they committed when they were minors. The narratives of these young men, their friends, and relatives reveal the invisible yet deep-seated connection between the childhood traumas they suffered and the violent criminal behavior they committed during adolescence. By living through domestic violence, poverty, the crack epidemic, and other circumstances, these men were forced to grow up fast, while familial ties that should have sustained them were broken at each turn. The book connects large-scale social policy decisions and their effect on family dynamics, and it demonstrates the limits of punitive justice.

Financial Timescapes: The Temporal Shaping of Young People’s Financial Lives

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Riach ◽  
Paula McDonald ◽  
Deanna Grant-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
The Life Course

This article draws on a large qualitative study ( N = 123) to develop an understanding of young people’s financial lives as constituted through experiences of time and temporality. Extending recent accounts of temporality as experienced and lived through our embedded location in the life course, we develop the concept of financial timescapes as a means of focusing on the ways that individual and personal financial capacities are situated in broader economic and cultural topographies of youth. The findings focus on the acquisition, deployment and consequences of financial lives as temporally situated and experienced by 16–26-year-old Australians. By doing so, we draw attention to how financial timescapes influence the constitution, navigation and cohering of young people’s financial lives. Understanding the significance of financial timescapes to young people’s experiences and socially embedded capacities thus helps to inform a sociological understanding of monetary decision making, financial behaviours and financial trajectories across the life course.

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