scholarly journals The Value of Vaccination in Older Adults: The Why

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 806-807
Author(s):  
Philip Buck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases remains high among older adults in the US, despite longstanding immunization recommendations, and is projected to increase as the population ages. The impact of US population aging on the burden of four vaccine-preventable diseases (influenza, pneumococcal disease, shingles, and pertussis) was modeled over a 30-year time horizon, with cumulative direct and indirect costs increasing from $378 billion over 10 years to $1.28 trillion over 30 years. Compared to current levels of vaccination coverage, increasing coverage was predicted to avert over 33 million cases of disease and greater than $96 billion in disease-associated costs, with a corresponding increase in vaccination costs of approximately $83 billion over the entire 30-year time period. Specific examples of cost-effectiveness analyses that assess the epidemiologic and economic impact of vaccination against shingles and pertussis in older adults will be discussed. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Health Behavior Change Interest Group.

scholarly journals The Impact of Function Focused Care From Acute Care to Home Care and Nursing Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 629-629
Author(s):  
Silke Metzelthin ◽  
Sandra Zwakhalen ◽  
Barbara Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Functional decline in older adults often lead towards acute or long-term care. In practice, caregivers often focus on completion of care tasks and of prevention of injuries from falls. This task based, safety approach inadvertently results in fewer opportunities for older adults to be actively involved in activities. Further deconditioning and functional decline are common consequences of this inactivity. To prevent or postpone these consequences Function Focused Care (FFC) was developed meaning that caregivers adapt their level of assistance to the capabilities of older adults and stimulate them to do as much as possible by themselves. FFC was first implemented in institutionalized long-term care in the US, but has spread rapidly to other settings (e.g. acute care), target groups (e.g. people with dementia) and countries (e.g. the Netherlands). During this symposium, four presenters from the US and the Netherlands talk about the impact of FFC. The first presentation is about the results of a stepped wedge cluster trial showing a tendency to improve activities of daily living and mobility. The second presentation is about a FFC training program. FFC was feasible to implement in home care and professionals experienced positive changes in knowledge, attitude, skills and support. The next presenter reports about significant improvements regarding time spent in physical activity and a decrease in resistiveness to care in a cluster randomized controlled trial among nursing home residents with dementia. The fourth speaker presents the content and first results of a training program to implement FFC in nursing homes. Nursing Care of Older Adults Interest Group Sponsored Symposium

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Health of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Fan ◽  
Yingcheng Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Peter C Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While several studies have demonstrated the negative impacts of environmental pollution on population health, in general, few studies have examined the potential differential effects on the health of middle-aged and older populations, i.e. 45 years and older. Given the twin concerns of environmental pollution and population aging in China, this article employed a fixed effects model to infer the impact of environmental pollution on public health with a particular focus on middle-aged and older adults. The analyses were based on data from the 2011–2018 waves of the CHARLS and pollutant data from prefecture-level cities. The results showed that environmental pollution significantly increased the risk of chronic diseases and negatively impacted the health of middle-aged and older adults. Environmental pollution had its greatest negative effect on the health of the elderly, women, urban residents and those with lower incomes than for their counterparts. We further found that the main channels of effect were through reduced physical exercise and an increase in depressive symptoms, and the pollution prevention actions alleviated the health deterioration of environmental pollution for the middle-aged and elderly. It is imperative for the government to urgently reinforce policy's enforcement to decrease air and water pollution, and enhance the ability to circumvent pollution for the lower socioeconomic groups.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the epidemiology and prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Feldman ◽  
Ronald Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
Herd Protection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vulnerable Elderly

The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) 7 and 13 into national childhood immunization programs in the US in 2000 and 2010, respectively, proved to be remarkably successful in reducing infant mortality due to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), resulting in widespread uptake of these vaccines. Secondary herd protection of non-vaccinated adults against IPD has proven to be an additional public health benefit of childhood immunization with PCVs, particularly in the case of the vulnerable elderly who are at increased risk due to immunosenescence and underlying comorbidity. Despite these advances in pneumococcal immunization, the global burden of pneumococcal disease, albeit of unequal geographic distribution, remains high. Reasons for this include restricted access of children living in many developing countries to PCVs, the emergence of infection due to non-vaccine serotypes of the pneumococcus, and non-encapsulated strains of the pathogen. Emerging concerns affecting the elderly include the realization that herd protection conferred by the current generation of PCVs (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) has reached a ceiling in many countries at a time of global population aging, compounded by uncertainty surrounding those immunization strategies that induce optimum immunogenicity and protection against IPD in the elderly. All of the aforementioned issues, together with a consideration of pipeline and pending strategies to improve access to, and serotype coverage of, PCVs, are the focus areas of this review.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the standard & poor 500 index sectors: a multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Elhini ◽  
Rasha Hammam
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Daily Return ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity ◽  
Daily Returns

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases in the USA (COVIDg), the Federal Fund Rate (FFR) and the trade-weighted US dollar index (USDX) on S&P500 index daily returns and its 11 constituent sectors’ indices for the time period between January 22, 2020, until June 30, 2020. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) model to gauge the impacts over the whole period of study, as well as over two sub-periods; first, January 22, 2020, until March 30, 2020, reflecting uncertainty in the US markets and second, from April 1, 2020, until June 30, 2020, reflecting the lockdown. Findings Results of the MGARCH model reveal a negative and significant relation between COVIDg and S&P500 index daily returns over the first sub-period and the whole study period in the following sectors, namely, communications, consumer discretionary, consumer staples, health, technology and materials. Yet, COVIDg showed a positive and significant relation with S&P500 index daily returns during the second time period in the following sectors, namely, communication, consumer discretionary, financial, industrial, information technology (IT) and utilities. Besides, USDX showed a negative significant effect on S&P500 index daily returns and on the daily return on each of its 11 constituent sectors over the second sub-period and the whole period. Further, FFR showed a significant effect only in the second sub-period, specifically, a negative effect on the daily return of the financial sector and a positive effect on the daily return of the technology sector index. Nevertheless, FFR had a positive significant effect on the daily return of the utilities sector index for the whole period under study. Research limitations/implications The impact of the crisis on the S&P500 index can be assessed only with some limitations owing to available global data and the limited time frame of the lock-down. Practical implications The study proposes supporting a smooth, functioning and resilient financial system; increasing fiscal measures by the US Government to increase liquidity on constraints; measures by The Federal Reserve to alleviate US dollar funding shortages; support market integrity; ensure continuous transparency and sharing of information; support the health sector, as well as consumer-based sectors that faced demand shocks and facilitate investments in the technology sector. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the examination of the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on each of the 11 sectors constituting the S&P500 index separately, reflecting how the main economic sectors formulating the US economy reacted to the shock during the peak time of the pandemic to observe a full picture of the economic consequences amid the pandemic.

scholarly journals Failing to Plan Is Planning to Fail: Utilization of Advance Care Directives in Older Adults Living With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
Annie Nguyen ◽  
Anna Egbert ◽  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Stephen Karpiak ◽  
Paul Nash
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
The Us ◽  
Advance Care Directives ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Advance Care Planning (ACP) makes up an integral part of the care continuum, especially for those living with chronic conditions such as HIV. Little research exists to understand how intersections of race, gender, sexuality and gender identity combine to influence the choices made by older adults living with HIV regarding ACP. The Research on Older Adults with HIV (ROAH) 2 study collected data from across the US and investigated the incidence and range of ACP amongst those 50+ living with HIV. Correlational analysis indicated that being White was significantly related to having at least one directive (R=0.070, p=0.035) where being African American correlated negatively with several forms of ACP. Additionally, there were also significant relationships between being Transgender, being gay, and being a woman as to the engagement with ACP options. Further analysis explored the impact of finance, self-rated health and social support networks.

scholarly journals Towards Financial Valuation in Data-Driven Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
M. Eugenia Pérez-Pons ◽  
Alfonso González-Briones ◽  
Juan M. Corchado
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Financial Valuation ◽  
External Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

The following work presents a methodology of determining the economic value of the data owned by a company in a given time period. The ability to determine the value of data at any point of its lifecycle, would make it possible to study the added value that data gives to a company in the long term. Not only external data should be considered but also the impact that the internal data can have on company revenues. The project focuses on data-driven companies, which are different to the data-oriented ones, as explained below. Since some studies affirm that data-driven companies are more profitable, the indirect costs of using those data must be allocated somewhere to understand their financial value14 and to present a possible alternative for measuring the financial impact of data on the revenue of companies.

scholarly journals PIN25 - PROJECTED BURDEN OF VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: IMPACT OF POPULATION AGING

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S225
Author(s):  
S.E. Talbird ◽  
E.M. La ◽  
J. Carrico ◽  
S. Poston ◽  
J. Poirrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases

scholarly journals Indirect costs of adult pneumococcal disease and productivity-based rate of return to PCV13 vaccination for older adults and elderly diabetics in Denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 100203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Sevilla ◽  
Andrew Stawasz ◽  
Daria Burnes ◽  
Peter Bo Poulsen ◽  
Reiko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Rate Of Return

scholarly journals Disability and Long-Term Care in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 705-705
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chen Huijun ◽  
Ngee Choon Chia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Life Lessons ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Public systems for long term care (LTC) redistribute resources between generations. Population aging is one of the most significant transformations in the 21st century, where the number of older persons aged 60 years and above is expected to double by 2050, rising to 2.1 billion. We used the Future Elderly Model (FEM) to project the impact of population aging in Singapore up to the year 2050. The FEM is a dynamic economic and demographic microsimulation model. By 2050, the total number of older adults with potential limitation in activities of daily living (ADL) was projected to increase to 275 thousand (18.9%). With the increasing prevalence of disability and chronic diseases, older adults might not have sufficient savings to meet future needs sustainably, despite the expansion of disability insurance from ElderShield to CareShield Life. Lessons and best practices for LTC could be transferred from our experiences to other aging cities globally. Part of a symposium sponsored by International Comparisons of Healthy Aging Interest Group.

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