scholarly journals The Association Between Diabetes and Cognition Among Older Hispanics in the United States and Mexicans in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Avila ◽  
Rebeca Wong ◽  
Rafael Samper Ternent
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Older Mexicans

Abstract The objective is to assess if the effect of diabetes on cognition differs by race/ethnicity in the U.S. and how this association differs between older Hispanics in the U.S. and older Mexicans in Mexico. Data comes from a sample of older adults 50 and older with direct interviews from the 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N=17,810) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N=13,270). Cognition was measured as a total cognition score. OLS regressions were used to test the association between diabetes and cognition by race/ethnicity in the U.S. and among older Mexicans in Mexico. Results showed that Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) had the highest cognition scores in the U.S., followed by Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks (NHB). Mean cognition score of older Mexicans was higher than for NHB and Hispanics in the U.S. but lower than NHWs. The prevalence of diabetes was highest among Hispanics (32.3%), followed by NHB (30.6%) and NHW (19.9%). The prevalence of diabetes in Mexico was like those NHW in the U.S. (19.9%). In the U.S., the effect of being NHB and Hispanic (compared to white) on cognition was equivalent to having 5.3 and 2.4 fewer years of education, respectively. However, the effect of diabetes on cognition did not differ by race/ethnicity. The final analysis will include a direct comparison between Hispanics in the U.S. and a matched sample of older adults in Mexico with similar sex and age to test differences in the effect of diabetes on cognition between these two samples.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Activity on Disability Incidence among Older Adults in Mexico and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Gerst ◽  
Alejandra Michaels-Obregon ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The U.S

Evidence suggests that transitions among older adults towards healthy habits, such as physical activity, appear underway in developed countries such as the USA but not in developing countries such as Mexico. However, little is known about the potential benefit of physical activity in preventing disability among elders in countries at different stages of epidemiological transition. We explore the impact of physical activity on the disablement process among elders in Mexico compared to the USA. Data are from two waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and the Health and Retirement Study. We examine the impact of exercise on the transition from no disability to ADL limitations two years later. Findings indicate that exercise is more common in the U.S. than in Mexico. There is a positive effect of exercise on negative outcomes in both countries. However, the protective effect of exercise is stronger in the U.S. than in Mexico.

scholarly journals Self-reported Instances of Major Discrimination, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation Among Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryon J Cobb ◽  
Lauren J Parker ◽  
Roland J Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Factor ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background This study examines the relationship between self-reported instances of major discrimination and inflammation among older adults, and explores whether this relationship varies in accordance with race/ethnicity. We hypothesized that self-reported instances of major discrimination would be associated with higher levels of high-risk inflammation and that this relationship would be stronger for racial/ethnic minorities than whites. Methods Data from the 2006/2008 Health and Retirement Study, an ongoing biennial nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States, were used to collect measures of self-reported instances of major discrimination and high-risk C-reactive protein (CRP), which was assayed from blood samples. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios of self-reported instances of major discrimination, as it relates to high-risk CRP (CRP ≥ 22 kg/m2), and test whether this relationship varies by race/ethnicity. Results Respondents who experienced any instances of major discrimination had a higher likelihood of high-risk CRP (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–1.22) than those who did not report experiencing any instances of major discrimination. This association was independent of differences in newly diagnosed health conditions and socioeconomic status. The relationship between any self-reported instance of major discrimination and high-risk CRP was weaker for blacks than whites (PR: 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.95). Conclusions Our study confirms that self-reported instances of major lifetime discrimination is a psychosocial factor that is adversely associated with high-risk CRP among older adults; this association is especially pronounced among older whites. Future studies among this population are required to examine whether the relationship between self-reported instances of major discrimination and high-risk CRP changes over time.

scholarly journals Life course trauma and muscle weakness in older adults by gender and race/ethnicity: Results from the U.S. health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 100587
Author(s):  
Kate A. Duchowny ◽  
Margaret T. Hicken ◽  
Peggy M. Cawthon ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
Philippa Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Migration, work, and retirement: the case of Mexican-origin populations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Zeewan Lee ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Retirement Decisions ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Mexico and the United States both face rapid population aging as well as older populations with high poverty rates. Among the most vulnerable populations of retirement age in either nation are Mexican immigrants to the United States. This work uses data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the Mexican Health and Aging Study to assess retirement decisions among persons born in Mexico and working in either nation as well as such decisions by non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. Social security system incentives matter for the retirement of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. but not for return-migrants in Mexico.

scholarly journals Health Care Access Measures and Palliative Care Use by Race/Ethnicity among Metastatic Gynecological Cancer Patients in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. Islam ◽  
Veeral Saraiya ◽  
Rebecca A. Previs ◽  
Tomi Akinyemiju
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Distance To Care ◽  
The U.S

Palliative care improves quality-of-life and extends survival, however, is underutilized among gynecological cancer patients in the United States (U.S.). Our objective was to evaluate associations between healthcare access (HCA) measures and palliative care utilization among U.S. gynecological cancer patients overall and by race/ethnicity. We used 2004–2016 data from the U.S. National Cancer Database and included patients with metastatic (stage III–IV at-diagnosis) ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer (n = 176,899). Palliative care was defined as non-curative treatment and could include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and pain management, or any combination. HCA measures included insurance type, area-level socioeconomic measures, distance-to-care, and cancer treatment facility type. We evaluated associations of HCA measures with palliative care use overall and by race/ethnicity using multivariable logistic regression. Our population was mostly non-Hispanic White (72%), had ovarian cancer (72%), and 24% survived <6 months. Five percent of metastatic gynecological cancer patients utilized palliative care. Compared to those with private insurance, uninsured patients with ovarian (aOR: 1.80,95% CI: 1.53–2.12), and cervical (aOR: 1.45,95% CI: 1.26–1.67) cancer were more likely to use palliative care. Patients with ovarian (aOR: 0.58,95% CI: 0.48–0.70) or cervical cancer (aOR: 0.74,95% CI: 0.60–0.88) who reside >45 miles from their provider were less likely to utilize palliative care than those within <2 miles. Ovarian cancer patients treated at academic/research programs were less likely to utilize palliative care compared to those treated at community cancer programs (aOR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.84). Associations between HCA measures and palliative care utilization were largely consistent across U.S. racial-ethnic groups. Insurance type, cancer treatment facility type, and distance-to-care may influence palliative care use among metastatic gynecological cancer patients in the U.S.

scholarly journals Everyday Discrimination and Kidney Function Among Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
Ryon J Cobb ◽  
Roland J Thorpe ◽  
Keith C Norris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Lower Egfr ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background With advancing age, there is an increase in the time of and number of experiences with psychosocial stressors that may lead to the initiation and/or progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study tests whether one type of experience, everyday discrimination, predicts kidney function among middle and older adults. Methods The data were from 10 973 respondents (ages 52–100) in the 2006/2008 Health and Retirement Study, an ongoing biennial nationally representative survey of older adults in the United States. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derives from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Our indicator of everyday discrimination is drawn from self-reports from respondents. Ordinary Least Squared regression (OLS) models with robust standard errors are applied to test hypotheses regarding the link between everyday discrimination and kidney function. Results Everyday discrimination was associated with poorer kidney function among respondents in our study. Respondents with higher everyday discrimination scores had lower eGFR after adjusting for demographic characteristics (B = −1.35, p &lt; .05), and while attenuated, remained significant (B = −0.79, p &lt; .05) after further adjustments for clinical, health behavior, and socioeconomic covariates. Conclusions Our study suggests everyday discrimination is independently associated with lower eGFR. These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial factors in predicting insufficiency in kidney function among middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Unraveling Demand for Dairy-Alternative Beverages in the United States: The Case of Soymilk

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senarath Dharmasena ◽  
Oral Capps
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Price And Income Elasticities ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Targeted Marketing ◽  
The U.S

Soymilk is one of the fastest growing categories in the U.S dairy alternative functional beverage market. Using household-level purchase data from Nielsen's 2008 Homescan panel and the Tobit econometric procedure, we estimate conditional and unconditional own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities for soymilk, white milk, and flavored milk. Income, age, employment status, education level, race, ethnicity, region, and presence of children in a household are significant drivers of demand for soymilk. White milk and flavored milk are competitors for soymilk, and soymilk is a competitor for white milk. Strategies for pricing and targeted marketing of soymilk are also discussed.

scholarly journals Likely Dementia and Its Implication for Support Among the Oldest-Old in Mexico and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
Mariana Lopez-Ortega ◽  
Silvia Mejia ◽  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Luis Gutiérrez-Robledo ◽  
William Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Memory Care ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This study examines sources of vulnerabilities to dementia in low resource populations in two specific contexts—Mexico and the United States. Data are drawn from comparable waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) in 2012, which include representative samples of the oldest-old (82 and over), the fastest growing segment of the populations worldwide. Likely dementia prevalence is 30.9% (±0.46SD) for Mexicans in Mexico and 36.3% (±0.48SD) for Mexicans in the U.S. Odds of likely dementia in both populations were increased by age, living in extended households, depressive symptoms, and Seguro Popular and Medicaid receipt. Being female and having comorbid cardiovascular conditions were also associated with likely dementia but only for older Mexicans. There is a need to strengthen the caregiving capacity of memory care services in low resource communities in Mexico and the U.S.

Prevalence of pathogenic germline variants in DNA repair by race, age, and ethnicity in men with prostate cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5062-5062
Author(s):  
Alexandria Mara ◽  
Jason Zhu ◽  
Yuan Wu ◽  
Tom Callis ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Germline Variants ◽  
Variant Of Uncertain Significance ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Germline Testing

5062 Background: Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) frequently harbor pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants (GVs) in mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous repair (HR) enzymes which have clinical and treatment implications. However, whether the prevalence of such GVs differ by race, ethnicity, family history, or age is unknown in men with PC. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of germline DNA from men with PC in the United States, tested by Invitae. Baseline characteristics including self-identified race, ethnicity, family history (FH), and age were recorded. Race and ethnicity were analyzed by 3 cohorts: non-Ashkenazi Caucasian Americans (CA), non-Ashkenazi African Americans (AA), and Ashkenazi Jewish Americans (AJ). Chi-square testing was performed to identify significant differences across these categories between the three cohorts, with respect to combined and individual pathogenic MMR (MSH2/6, MLH1, PMS2, and MUTYH) and HR genes (BRCA1/2, ATM, CHEK2, RAD51D, and PALB2). Results: 3057 men were included in the final analysis: 2248 (74%) men were CA, 229 (7%) were AA, and 210 (7%) were AJ. Of these, 2665 (87%) men had a FH of PC and 463 (15%) had a P/LP GV. In addition, 1068 (35%) were found to have a variant of uncertain significance, and 35 (1.6%) had the HOXB13 G84E variant. There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence of MMR (CA 1.5% vs AA 0.9% vs AJ 1.4%, p = 0.89) or HR genes (CA 7.8% vs AA 7.9% vs AJ 10.5%, p = 0.37) by race/ethnicity. With respect to individual genes, AJ had a higher prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1 alterations (AJ 3.3% vs CA 0.8% vs AA 1.7%, p = 0.0034) and CHEK2 alterations (AJ 4.3% vs CA 2.8% vs AA 0.4%, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of individual or specific classes of GVs between those with or without a self-reported FH of prostate or breast/ovarian cancers. There was also no association between prevalence of HR genes and age at germline testing (p = 0.40). Conclusions: This national study found that the overall prevalence of pathogenic GVs in MMR and HR genes do not differ by race, ethnicity, or age at the time of testing, and suggests that all men with advanced prostate cancer should be offered germline testing.

Cross-Cultural Validity of the Ruminative Responses Scale in Argentina and the United States

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernán G. Arana ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Group Self ◽  
Brooding And Reflection ◽  
The U.S

Although frequently used in the United States, the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) has not been extensively studied in cross-cultural samples. The present study evaluated the factor structure of Treynor et al.’s 10-item version of the RRS in samples from Argentina ( N = 308) and the United States ( N = 371). In addition to testing measurement invariance between the countries, we evaluated whether the maladaptive implications of rumination were weaker for the Argentinians than for the U.S. group. Self-critical perfectionism was the criterion in those tests. Partial scalar invariance supported an 8-item version of the RRS. There were no differences in factor means or factor correlations in RRS dimensions between countries. Brooding and Reflection were positively correlated with self-critical perfectionism in both countries, with no significant differences in the sizes of these relations between the two samples. Results are discussed in terms of psychometric and cross-cultural implications for rumination.

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