scholarly journals Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling of the Relationships Between Social Cohesion and Mental Health in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 307-307
Author(s):  
Sok An ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Minhong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Functional Disabilities ◽  
Score Range ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Previous literature suggests that social factors (e.g., social cohesion, social support) are protective predictors of mental health problems. However, there might be a reciprocal relationship between social factors and mental health and the relationship changes over time. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal relationship between community social cohesion and mental health using a latent growth curve model with 8 waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; 2011-2018), a nationally representative panel study of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Social cohesion measured the perceived level of mutual trust by three items (score range: 0-6) and mental health was measured by PHQ-4 (score range: 0-12). The final model including covariates (age, gender, functional disabilities) fit the data well: χ2=1036.383, p<.001; RMSEA=.037; CFI=.960; and SRMR=.070. Initial level of social cohesion was negatively associated with initial level of mental health problem (β=−.23, p< .001), suggesting that higher levels of social cohesion was associated with lower levels of mental health problems. The covariance between social cohesion slope and mental health slope was significant (β=−.16, p< .01), suggesting an increase in social cohesion was associated with a decrease in mental health problems over time. Functional disabilities significantly influenced mental health over time, while functional disabilities did not influence social cohesion consistently. This study adds to the growing literature on the ways mental health status and social connection have reciprocal relationships over time. Therefore, mental health status in later life could be decreased by improving social cohesion and connectedness with the community.

What is the Threshold of Teachers' Recognition and Report of Concerns About Anxiety and Depression in Students? An Exploratory Study With Teachers of Adolescents in Regional Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Trudgen ◽  
Sharon Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
School Students

AbstractIntroduction:Anxiety and depression in adolescence is prevalent but often unrecognised and untreated. This can lead to serious disorders in later life. This study explored how teachers recognise anxiety and depression in secondary school students and act on their concerns.Method:Twenty teachers from four secondary colleges in regional Victoria, Australia were interviewed regarding their experiences. In-depth interviews were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis in order to understand how teachers respond to this issue.Results:Teachers' recognition of mental health problems in students and the threshold for reporting their concerns was subjective and not based on any formal knowledge of how to identify anxiety or depression risk factors in students. Years of teaching experience was not associated with increased knowledge of mental health problems in students. Time pressures and lack of resources in student wellbeing teams were barriers to teachers reporting their concerns about students.Conclusion:Education bodies and teaching universities responsible for training teachers and providing ongoing professional learning need to ensure that mental health training is part of every teacher's core skill set, so that teachers can confidently promote mental wellbeing, identify emerging mental health problems, know how to facilitate access to more specialist intervention where required and contribute effectively to follow-up support.

scholarly journals Net worth and Mental Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 095-096
Author(s):  
Jaewon Lee ◽  
Jennifer Allen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Over Time

Assets and debts and other accumulated wealth should be considered to understand one’s mental health because they influence quality of life over time. Researchers acknowledge limitations of previous studies regarding mental health, which did not consider net worth [1]. Previous studies have mainly addressed Socioeconomic Status (SES) as an indicator influencing mental health [2,3], rather than considering net worth. As a result, the importance of net worth (Wealth and debt) has been growing, and these factors should be included to deeply understand mental health [1].

scholarly journals Longitudinal Trends of Participation in Relation to Mental Health in Children with and without Physical Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8551
Author(s):  
Ai-Wen Hwang ◽  
Chia-Hsieh Chang ◽  
Mats Granlund ◽  
Christine Imms ◽  
Chia-Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Over Time

Children with physical disabilities (PD) are known to have participation restrictions when in inclusive settings alongside typically developing (TD) children. The restrictions in participation over time may affect their mental health status. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between independence in activities (capability) and frequency of attendance in activities, in relation to perceived mental health status in children with and without PD. The participants were a convenience sample of parents of 77 school children with PD and 94 TD children who completed four assessments with a one-year interval between each assessment. Parents of these children were interviewed with the Functioning Scale of the Disability Evaluation System—Child version (FUNDES-Child). Three dimensions of mental health problems—loneliness, acting upset, and acting nervous—were rated by parents with the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Linear trend was tested by repeated-measure ANOVA. The results revealed different longitudinal patterns of independence and frequency of attendance over time for children with PD and TD. Frequency of attending activities may be more important than independence in performing activities for experiencing fewer mental health problems. The findings highlight the need for supporting children’s actual attendance in daily activities which may benefit their later mental health.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment is associated with altered frontolimbic neurobiological activity during wakefulness in adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore P. Insana ◽  
Layla Banihashemi ◽  
Ryan J. Herringa ◽  
David J. Kolko ◽  
Anne Germain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Developmental Approach

AbstractChildhood maltreatment can disturb brain development and subsequently lead to adverse socioemotional and mental health problems across the life span. The long-term association between childhood maltreatment and resting–wake brain activity during adulthood is unknown and was examined in the current study. Forty-one medically stable and medication-free military veterans (M = 29.31 ± 6.01 years, 78% male) completed a battery of clinical assessments and had [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography neuroimaging scans during quiet wakefulness. After statistically adjusting for later-life trauma and mental health problems, childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with brain activity within a priori defined regions that included the left orbital frontal cortex and left hippocampus. Childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with increased and decreased brain activity within six additional whole-brain clusters that included the frontal, parietal–temporal, cerebellar, limbic, and midbrain regions. Childhood maltreatment is associated with altered neural activity in adulthood within regions that are involved in executive functioning and cognitive control, socioemotional processes, autonomic functions, and sleep/wake regulation. This study provides support for taking a life span developmental approach to understanding the effects of early-life maltreatment on later-life neurobiology, socioemotional functioning, and mental health.

Deep mechanisms of social affect – Plastic parental brain mechanisms for sensitivity versus contempt

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Swain ◽  
S. Shaun Ho
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Relational Value ◽  
Social Affect ◽  
Parental Brain ◽  
Over Time

AbstractInsensitive parental thoughts and affect, similar to contempt, may be mapped onto a network of basic emotions moderated by attitudinal representations of social-relational value. Brain mechanisms that reflect emotional valence of baby signals among parents vary according to individual differences and show plasticity over time. Furthermore, mental health problems and treatments for parents may affect these brain systems toward or away from contempt, respectively.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Swedish University Students Before and During Six Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Johansson ◽  
Pierre Côté ◽  
Sheilah Hogg-Johnson ◽  
Ann Rudman ◽  
Lena W. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound effect on societies and citizens worldwide, raising concerns about potential mental health impacts. We aimed to describe trajectories of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before, and determine if trajectories were modified by pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems. We conducted a cohort study with 1836 Swedish university students entering before the onset of the pandemic, March 13, 2020, with follow-ups within three (FU1) and six months (FU2) of the outbreak. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time-periods, and to estimate potential effect modifications. We found small differences in mean levels of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) over time. Compared to before the pandemic, depression increased by 0.25 points of 21 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.45) at FU1 and decreased by -0.75/21 (95% CI: -0.97 to -0.53) at FU2. Anxiety decreased from baseline to FU1 by -0.09/21 (95% CI: -0.24 to 0.07) and by -0.77/21 (95% CI: -0.93 to -0.61) to FU2. Stress decreased from baseline to FU1 by -0.30/21 (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.09) and by -1.32/21 (95% CI: -1.55 to -1.09) to FU2. Students with pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and pre-pandemic mental health problems did not show worse trajectories of mean mental health symptoms. In conclusion, symptom levels were relatively stable during the first three months of the pandemic, while there was a slight decrease during the summer months, probably due to seasonality effects.

Recognizing mental health problems in the ageing community

2018 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Linda Chiu Wa Lam ◽  
Wai Chi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Ageing Population

With an increase in life expectancy worldwide, the ageing population has been expanding in the last few decades. Advanced age is associated with a high prevalence of physical morbidity. Dementia, the commonest type of mental disorder in later life, has been widely recognized as a public health priority. However, it is important to realize that other mental health problems are also common in old age. Depression and anxiety disorders are affecting a significant proportion of older adults, and may be associated with cognitive decline. This chapter will draw on current research related to key mental health problems in old age, and explore their public health significance through exploration of major prospective, large-scale, long-term cohort studies that shed light on the risk and protective factors that may influence the manifestations of mental health problems and associated disorders from a life course perspective.

The Lifelong Health Effects of Parenting a Child With Developmental or Mental Health Problems

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Jieun Song ◽  
Marsha R. Mailick ◽  
Jan S. Greenberg ◽  
Jinkuk Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Parenting a child with developmental or mental health problems is a lifelong process with unique challenges and adjustments. Parents of children with these conditions often experience chronic stress and an elevated risk of mental and physical health problems and cognitive decline in later life, although profiles of resilience have been noted. This chapter reviews Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) studies that have examined the lifelong effects of parenting children with developmental or mental health problems. MIDUS research has found that midlife and older parents of children with these conditions have poorer physical and mental health profiles and poorer cognitive functioning in later life than counterparts whose children do not have such conditions, and that mental and physical health disparities increase as parents age. Possible mechanisms underlying these differences have been examined in studies utilizing the multidisciplinary data of MIDUS, which include a variety of psychosocial, cognitive, and biological assessments.

Demography, topography and mental health problems in later life

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Alisoun Milne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk

Chapter 1 offers an overview of the UK’s socio-demographic and policy context. The UK has an ageing population that is increasingly diverse and heterogenous. Whilst for many older people health outcomes have vastly improved since the introduction of the welfare state, prevalence of ill health does increase with advancing age. The number of older people living with dementia is 850,000, a figure expected to rise to over 2 million by 2051. Disability, pain, chronic physical illness and dementia are risk factors for both depression and suicide. It is estimated that 30 per cent of older people have ‘depressive symptoms’ and that 1 in 8 of all suicides relate to older people. 4 per cent of older people suffer from ‘anxiety disorder’. Although not mental health problems as such, a growth of the number of older people experiencing isolation and loneliness, problem alcohol issues and social exclusion are contributors. In terms of policy, all four UK nations, have specific policies relating to dementia, on the one hand, and policies relating to preventing and treating functional mental health problems on the other. The former tends to be older age focused whilst the latter extends across the whole adult lifespan.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Robinson ◽  
Angelina R. Sutin ◽  
Michael Daly ◽  
Andrew Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundIncreases in mental health problems have been observed in some studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear whether changes have been large and experienced by most population sub-groups, persisted over time or been symptom specific.MethodsWe systematically reviewed and meta-analysed longitudinal cohort studies that examined changes in mental health among the same group of participants before and during the pandemic (PROSPERO: CRD42021231256). Searches for published and unpublished studies were conducted in January 2021. Changes in mental health (standardised mean change; SMC) were examined using meta-analyses.FindingsSixty-five studies were included. There was an overall increase in mental health symptoms that was most pronounced during March-April 2020 (SMC = .102 [95% CI: .026 to .192], p = 0.03) before significantly declining over time (May-July SMC = .067 [95% CI: -.022 to .157], p = .141). Compared to measures of anxiety (SMC = 0.13, p = 0.02) and general mental health (SMC = -.03, p = 0.65), increases in depression and mood disorder symptoms tended to be larger (SMC = 0.22, p < .001) and reductions over time appeared less pronounced. Increased mental health symptoms were observed across most population subgroups examined but there was no evidence of any change in symptoms among samples with a pre-existing mental health condition.InterpretationThere was a small increase in mental health symptoms soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that decreased and was comparable to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020 among most population sub-groups and symptom types.FundingN/AResearch in contextEvidence before this studyThere have been reported increases in mental health problems during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear whether changes in mental health problems have been symptom specific, how changes have differed across populations and whether increased mental health problems have persisted over time. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed longitudinal cohort studies that examined mental health among the same participants prior to and during the pandemic in 2020. This approach allowed us to quantify the mental health burden associated with the outbreak of the pandemic and how it has changed over time. We searched Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsychInfo from January 2020 to January 11, 2021 and identified eligible unpublished articles available on pre-print servers.Added value of this studyWe identified 65 eligible articles that reported 201 comparisons of mental health pre vs. post pandemic outbreak. Meta-analysis indicated that longitudinal cohort studies that examined mental health prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 showed a significant but statistically small increase in mental health symptoms. The overall increase in mental health symptoms was most pronounced during the early stages of the pandemic (March-April), before decreasing and being generally comparable to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020.Compared to anxiety and general measures of mental health functioning, increases tended to be larger in depressive symptoms and although statistically small, remained elevated past the early stages of the pandemic. Increases in mental health symptoms were observed across most population sub-groups, but there was no evidence of a change in mental health symptoms among samples of participants with a pre-existing mental health condition.Implications of all the available evidenceFindings confirm that the initial outbreak of the pandemic was associated with a significant but statistically small increase in mental health symptoms. Given that small effects may have meaningful cumulative consequences at the population level, there is a need for continued mental health provision and monitoring particularly during periods of the pandemic when infection rates and deaths are high. Further into the pandemic, mental health problems decreased significantly, which indicated recovery and resilience in overall mental health. Contrary to predictions made early in the pandemic, there was also no evidence of a worsening of mental health symptoms among samples of participants with a pre-existing mental health condition. Overall the results of the present analyses suggest that the pandemic may not have caused an unprecedented and long lasting mental health crisis, instead there appears to have been resilience in mental health.

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