scholarly journals Paving the Way for Ageist Attitudes through Children’s Books

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1021-1022
Author(s):  
Lena-Emilia Schenker ◽  
Jennifer Bellingtier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Parental Preferences ◽  
Children And Parents

Abstract Older adults are underrepresented and rarely appear in major roles in children’s literature. According to developmental intergroup theory, numerically smaller groups are likely to become targets of stereotypes and prejudice. Because parental ageist attitudes are related to those of their children, and parents typically choose their children’s literature, we investigated parental preferences for books featuring older and younger adults and what factors might predict this preference. In an online survey, 176 parents of children aged 12 or younger rated children’s book covers featuring a child and a prominent younger or older adult. There were two identical versions of each book cover on which only the age of the adult varied. Each respondent viewed covers featuring older and younger adults, but only saw one version of each cover (i.e., counterbalanced design). Parents indicated their preference for the books by stating how much they and their children would like the book and how likely they would be to buy it. Stereotypical expectations regarding the books’ storylines were rated on a semantic differential scale (e.g., modern vs. old-fashioned). Results revealed that there were no significant differences in preferences for books featuring younger, compared to older adults. However, a stronger difference in preference for books featuring younger, over older adults was predicted by the extent of stereotypical expectations regarding the storylines. In particular, this preference was stronger in parents who expected stories with older adults to conform to prevailing ageist stereotypes, suggesting that ageist expectations may deter some parents from books featuring older adults.

scholarly journals Bias Against Older Adults in Young Children and Their Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1002-1002
Author(s):  
Jenny Bauer ◽  
Jennifer Bellingtier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Parental Preferences ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Early School ◽  
Smiley Face ◽  
Touch Screen Computer

Abstract Parents are an important source of social learning for their children. However, little is known about whether they play a role in shaping ageist attitudes in children. We investigated how parents’ biases against older adults would relate to those of their children and how preferences would differ depending on the child’s age. Participants were 56 parent-child dyads with the children’s age ranging from four to eight years (parents mean age = 36.95, SD = 5.49). Children were divided into three age groups, preschool (n = 18), early school-aged (n = 18), and middle school-aged (n = 20). Children and parents completed a picture rating task, which included the evaluation of 28 images of younger and older adults faces. Children used a smiley-face rating scale on a touch-screen computer, and parents used a sliding preference scale for their ratings. It was found that both, children (t(55) = 5.47, p < .001, d = 0.73) and their parents (t(55) = 2.05, p = 0.045, d = 0.27), gave significantly more positive ratings to younger than to older adults, which is consistent with an underlying bias for younger adults. Contrary to our expectations, this preference in children held across age groups and was not associated with parental preferences. Nevertheless, it has been shown that ageist preferences can already be detected in childhood. Further longitudinal research is needed to track the development of ageism from childhood on, and efforts to combat ageism should be addressed not only to adults, but to children as well.

scholarly journals WHEN GRANDPA SAYS SOMETHING RACIST: THE ROLE OF AGEISM IN YOUNG ADULT RESPONSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S82-S82
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sawyer ◽  
Jessica H Helphrey ◽  
Leah N Smith ◽  
Ben K Mokhtari ◽  
Allie M Sandlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Lower Likelihood

Abstract Previous research has found that older adults endorse higher levels of racist attitudes than younger adults. However, little extant research has explored how young adults may respond to an older adult expressing racist views. One factor that may drive young adults’ responses is ageism, particularly stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of changing their views. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ageism and young adults’ likely responses to an older adult relative making a racist statement. College students (N = 110; 75.8% female) completed an online survey in which they were given a scenario in which an older adult relative makes a racist statement and rated how likely they would be to respond in different ways. Factor analysis of the likely response items found four facets: confront, agree, avoid, and leave. Bivariate correlations found that ageism was associated with higher likelihood of agreeing or avoiding, and lower likelihood of confronting the older adult relative. There was no association between ageism and likelihood of leaving the situation. Young adults higher in ageism may be more likely to agree or avoid because of ageist stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of change, and they may be more likely to agree with the racist statement because they may have higher levels of intolerance toward both older adults and other ethnic groups. Ageism may play a role in how young adults respond to older adults expressing intolerant views.

Analysis of Latino award winning children’s literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Gomm ◽  
Melissa Allen Heath ◽  
Pat Mora
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Children's Picture Books ◽  
Award Winning

In this article, we offer information about the specific challenges US Latino immigrant children face. We then determine which of these challenges are included in 72 award winning children’s picture books, specifically created for and/or about Latino children. Our analysis offers information to assist school-based mental health professionals, children’s librarians, educators, and parents in prescriptively selecting books that align with Latino children’s social emotional needs. Additionally, we analysed each book’s proportion of Spanish/English text and described the book’s targeted age level and Horn Book Guide rating. From our perspective, books containing colorful illustrations that include Latino children, realistic situations, familiar Spanish words and phrases, and true-to-life characters help Latino children engage and identify with these stories. Children’s book author Pat Mora also explains her perceptions of quality children’s literature. Although this article is specific to Latino children’s literature, implications are offered that generalize to other ethnic and cultural groups that are typically underrepresented in children’s literature.

Reflecting Diversity

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Lea Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
White People ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
The People ◽  
Upper Middle Class

This chapter describes the book Underpants Dance, which only depicts four white people out of all the thirty characters. However, the book still shows quite a significant underrepresentation of America's diversity. In this story, none of the people of color are important enough to have names. They serve only as a sprinkling of color in the background. The book's settings and events also reflect a distinctly upper-middle-class lifestyle. The chapter further explains that there is nothing wrong with any single children's book being culturally specific to a white, upper-income, American experience. The problem is that this pattern is so strong that children's literature as a whole is systematically less attractive or even alienating to children who do not fit that mold.

scholarly journals The Proper and Foreing: The Problem of French Children’s Literature Translation into Ukrainian

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Nataliia Yakubovska ◽  
Halyna Kutasevych ◽  
Kateryna Balakhtar
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Educational Purpose ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Editorial Strategies ◽  
Target Culture

The translation of children’s literature has certain specificities because it must be subject to several constraints: taking into account the double recipient in children’s literature (child and adult), the educational purpose, the diastratic variation, etc. Wonderful Neighbors (2016) by Hélène Lasserre is a children’s book about difference, tolerance and living together. The gap between French and Ukrainian cultures leads to problems with the perception of socio-cultural realia by readers of the target language who sometimes misunderstand or even reject them. In this intervention, we analyze the perception of the album by the readership of the source and target culture based on the comments of the readers which will allow understanding the editorial strategies and the choices of translation procedures made by the translators. In particular, we study the text-image relationships and the influence of extralinguistic factors on the lexical level. In a second step, it is necessary to analyze the role of the educational purpose which may provide for certain censorship of children’s text to which the translator must obey in order to meet the demands of a publisher and his/her readership.

scholarly journals The Construction of Pious Children in Serial Salman Dan Hamzah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Deden Purnama ◽  
Dhita Hapsarani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Book Illustration ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Religious Ideal

Children’s literature is often used as a medium for teaching values, for example religious values, in order to shape children’s character based on the understanding or ideology of certain groups. Through religious-based children’s literature, the figure of a religious ideal child was created and called a pious child. This example is applied by Salafi Islamic groups in Indonesia. The group that bases its teachings from the Salaf creates Islamic children’s book genre called ”Sunna children’s book”. The method used in this article is library-based qualitative research. Studies of pious character in European minority Muslim children’s literature have been widely carried out by Green-Oldendorf (2011), Shavit (2016) and Janson (2017), while studies of pious children in Indonesian contexts have only been done little, including this article. Textual study on the construction of pious children character is carried out according to the concept of ideal child in children’s literature by Purbani (2009), children book illustration and visual by Nodelman (2004), and pious Muslim child and childhood by research approach (Hendra-Priadi, 2019 and Scourfield et. al., 2013). The result of the research shows that pious children are represented through the main character who is very diligent in worshiping, behaving well, and obedient to parents. In addition, the construction of pious children in Serial Salman dan Hamzah is based on Salafi ideology concept of tarbiyah (education) that textually refers to the Quran and Hadith.

scholarly journals Children's book in Siberia: a historiographic review

Bibliosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
E. V. Engalycheva
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
Childhood Reading

The article is devoted to the history of Siberian regional children's book publishing. The author has collected theoretic-practical opinions of historians, bibliologists, publishers and booksellers, librarians and bibliographers, psychologists and sociologists, which purpose is to generalize and reveal regularities of books' flow for children. V. G. Belinsky, L. N. Tolstoy, F. G. Tol’, N. V. Chekhov developed the first concepts of children's book. N. K. Krupskaya, V. A. Sukhomlinsky studied the «core» of the children book repertoire. V. G. Sopikov, B. S. Bondarsky reviewed children's literature of the 19th century in their bibliographic works. The author allocated some organizational components using formal-logical, comparative-historical and structural-typological methods. The first block is related to studying such definitions as «children's book», «children's literature», «editions for children», «a circle of childhood reading», «the repertoire of children's books», their typological signs. The presented concepts are investigated according to tasks, which children's editions solve. S. G. Antonova and S. A. Karaichentseva touched issues of children's literature typology in their publications. The second block of literature reveals the children's book development in Russia in various periods of its formation. I. E. Barenbaum, A. A. Grechikhin, A. A. Belovitskaya studied general fundamentals of the book's history, while A. Ivich, L. Kohn, I. Lupanova considered the history of children’s books. The third block is devoted to printing and art features of the children's book design, activity of universal and specialized publishing houses to distribute literature for children. The fourth block explains such category as «reader - library», considers techniques of work with children's book, offers methodical recommendations for teachers and tutors. Readers’ activity is examined as well. The author analyzes interests, factors, incentives and aims influencing childhood reading. Dissertation researches disclose the regional specifics of children's book publishing in 1980-2013, confirm the considered subject relevance. The historical, comparative, formal and logical analysis carried out by the author will be useful both the specialists in publishing and editorial affairs, researchers studying the history and development of the children's book, historians, and teachers in the educational process of such courses as «Publishing and Editing», «Children's Literature», «Book Science». The author concludes that the children's book has been studied in different periods of its development in the context of numerous aspects, directions and components, which makes it possible to reveal the special patterns of its existence.

scholarly journals Prize Culture and Diversity in British Children's Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Lucy Pearson ◽  
Karen Sands-O'Connor ◽  
Aishwarya Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Book Award ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Prize Culture ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Literary prizes often determine eligibility in terms of nationality; this article posits that they also play a significant role in constructing national literatures. An analysis of the Carnegie Medal, the UK's oldest children's book award, and some of its competitors, including the Guardian Prize and Other Award demonstrates the tension between the desire to claim cultural value for children's literature and to construct a body of literature that represents the real and imagined community of the nation. In the UK, this tension appears most notably with regard to depictions of Black, Asian and minority ethnic Britons.

Age Differences in the Malleability of Attitudes toward Automated Shared Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Kathryn Baringer ◽  
Dustin J. Souders ◽  
Jeremy Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Video Condition ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Introduction: The use of shared automated vehicles (SAVs) should lead to several societal and individual benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced traffic, and improved mobility for persons who cannot safely drive themselves. We define SAVs as on-demand, fully automated vehicles in which passengers are paired with other riders traveling along a similar route. Previous research has shown that younger adults are more likely to report using conventional ridesharing services and are more accepting of new technologies including automated vehicles (AVs). However, older adults, particularly those who may be close to retiring from driving, stand to greatly benefit from SAV services. In order for SAVs to deliver on their aforementioned benefits, they must be viewed favorably and utilized. We sought to investigate how short educational and/or experiential videos might impact younger, middle-aged, and older adult respondents’ anticipated acceptance and attitudes toward SAVs. Knowing what types of introductory experiences improve different age groups’ perceptions of SAVs will be beneficial for tailoring campaigns aiming to promote SAV usage. Methods: We deployed an online survey using the platform Prolific for middle-aged and older respondents, and our departmental participant pool for younger adults, collecting 585 total responses that resulted in 448 valid responses. Respondents answered questions regarding their demographic attributes, their ridesharing history, preconceptions of technology, as well as their anticipated acceptance attitudes towards SAVs as measured by the dimensions of the Automated Vehicle User Perception Survey (AVUPS). After this, respondents were randomly assigned to an intervention condition where they either watched 1) an educational video about how SAVs work and their potential benefits, 2) an experiential video showing a AV navigating traffic, 3) both the experiential and educational videos, or 4) a control video explaining how ridesharing works. Anticipated acceptance attitudes towards SAVs were measured again after this intervention and difference scores calculated to investigate the effect of the intervention conditions. Prolific respondents were paid at a rate of $9.50/hour and younger adults received course credit. Results: Controlling for preconceptions of technology and ridesharing experience, a MANOVA was run on the difference scores of the dimensions of the AVUPS (intention to use, trust/reliability, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), safety, control/driving-efficacy, cost, authority, media, and social influence). Both older and middle-aged adults expressed significantly greater increases in PEOU and PU of SAVs than younger adults. We also observed an interaction between age and condition for both PU and PEOU. For PU, older adults’ difference scores were found to be significantly greater than younger adults’ for the control video condition. With PEOU, older adults’ difference scores were significantly greater than both younger adults’ for the control video condition, and middle-aged adults had greater difference scores for the educational-only video condition than younger or older adults. Discussion: The increases in PU observed for older adults in the control condition suggests that educating them on how to use currently available ridesharing services might transfer to and/or highlight the benefits that automated ridesharing might provide. The PEOU interactions also suggest that middle-aged adults might respond more positively than younger or older adults to an educational introduction to SAVs. Conclusion: The positive findings pertaining to PU and PEOU show that exposure to information related to SAVs has a positive impact on these attitudes. PU’s and PEOU’s positive relationship to behavioral intentions (BI) in the Technology Acceptance Model, coupled with the findings from this study, bode well for higher fidelity interventions seeking to inform and/or give individuals experience with SAVs. Providing information on how currently available ridesharing services work helped our older adult respondents recognize the potential usefulness of SAVs. Knowing that different age groups may respond better to educational versus experiential interventions, for example middle-aged adults in this study responding more positively to the educational video condition than younger or older adults, may be useful for targeted promotional campaigns.

Smartphone and Digital Home Assistant Use Among Older Adults: Understanding Adoption and Learning Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Maurita T. Harris ◽  
Kenneth A. Blocker ◽  
Wendy A. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Preferences ◽  
Digital Home ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Smart Technologies

Smart technologies have increased dramatically within the last decade. Their availability has improved opportunities for productivity, health, and entertainment, and this is especially true for technologies that act as central hubs to link other devices and applications that expand their capabilities (e.g., smartphones and digital home assistants). Older adults may significantly benefit from integrating these devices into their lives to mitigate the various challenges they face with increasing age (e.g., cognitive, mobility changes). To understand the potential of these technologies for this population, we investigated use patterns, learning preferences, and other perceptions related to the adoption of these devices. Seventy older adult participants responded to an online survey regarding their use and preferences with smartphones and digital home assistants. The results informed our understanding of current adoption rates as well as provided key perspectives to inform their design for older adults.

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