scholarly journals Heterogeneous patterns of old-age vulnerability and loneliness from the cross-national comparative perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1044-1044
Author(s):  
Oejin Shin ◽  
Sojung Park ◽  
Ji young Kang ◽  
Minyoung Kwak ◽  
Jihye Baek
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Loneliness has been extensively examined as a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity among older adults. In this research, we identified multi-dimensional patterns of old-age vulnerability in five countries (U.S., Korea, Sweden, Germany, Italy) guided by the welfare regime framework and examined how the patterns of vulnerability are associated with loneliness in old age in each country. Data were drawn from comparative national aging data: HRS for the U.S. (n=4331), KLOSA for Korea (n=3721), SHARE for Sweden (n=2746), Germany (n=2271), and Italy (n=2988). We used three vulnerability constructs: 1) material vulnerability (poverty, high out-of-pocket expenses for health care, unaffordability for housing), 2) health vulnerability (multiple chronic condition, depression), and 3) social vulnerability (living alone, contact with children and friend, social participation). Latent Class Analysis and regression analyses were used for data analysis. The relative proportion of the least vulnerable group varies substantially (from 11.88% in Italy to 59.33% in the U.S). In Sweden and Germany, around 7% of the sample belongs to the most vulnerable group, while in other countries the most vulnerable group was not found. Notably, in Italy, older people in the social vulnerable group were more likely to feel lonely when compared to least vulnerable, suggesting the country-specific significance of social supportive environment. This study is the first research to examine the empirical structure of the concept and how it may vary across countries related to their loneliness. A full discussion of country-specific discussion and policy implication will be presented.

scholarly journals Modal lifespan and disparity at older ages by leading causes of death: a Canada-U.S. comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-344
Author(s):  
Viorela Diaconu ◽  
Nadine Ouellette ◽  
Robert Bourbeau
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractThe U.S. elderly experience shorter lifespans and greater variability in age at death than their Canadian peers. In order to gain insight on the underlying factors responsible for the Canada-U.S. old-age mortality disparities, we propose a cause-of-death analysis. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to compare levels and trends in cause-specific modal age at death (M) and standard deviation above the mode (SD(M +)) between Canada and the U.S. since the 1970s. We focus on six broad leading causes of death, namely cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, and four types of cancers. Country-specific M and SD(M +) estimates for each leading cause of death are calculated from P-spline smooth age-at-death distributions obtained from detailed population and cause-specific mortality data. Our results reveal similar levels and trends in M and SD(M +) for most causes in the two countries, except for breast cancer (females) and lung cancer (males), where differences are the most noticeable. In both of these instances, modal lifespans are shorter in the U.S. than in Canada and U.S. old-age mortality inequalities are greater. These differences are explained in part by the higher stratification along socioeconomic lines in the U.S. than in Canada regarding the adoption of health risk behaviours and access to medical services.

Using Profiles of Human and Social Capital to Understand Adult Immigrants’ Education Needs: A Latent Class Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calonie M. K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
International Assessment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adult Immigrants ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The U.S

With the U.S. adult education system providing education services to millions of immigrants annually, understanding the unique skills and assets among adult immigrant learners is important. Using data from the U.S. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, this study used data on immigrants ( n = 1,873) to identify latent classes along dimensions of human and social capital. Latent class analysis indicated five discrete profiles: High Opportunity, Upskill Ready, Satisfactorily Skilled, Motivated and Engaged, and Highly Skilled. The results provide support for using customized education approaches to capitalize on the collection of assets adult learners have while concurrently increasing education service providers’ capacity to serve.

Comparison of Suicide Attempters and Decedents in the U.S. Army: A Latent Class Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Skopp ◽  
Derek J. Smolenski ◽  
Sean C. Sheppard ◽  
Nigel. E. Bush ◽  
David D. Luxton
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS OF GENETICS AND LIFE COURSE CIRCUMSTANCES WITH A NOVEL AGING MEASURE THAT CAPTURES MORTALITY RISK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S322-S323
Author(s):  
Zuyun Liu ◽  
xi Chen ◽  
Thomas M Gill ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Eileen Crimmins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The U.S

Abstract We aimed to evaluate associations between a comprehensive set of factors, including genetics and childhood and adulthood circumstances, and a novel aging measure, Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge), which has been shown to capture mortality and morbidity risk in the U.S. population. Using data from 2339 adults (aged 51+) from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, we found that together all 11 study domains (4 childhood and adulthood circumstances domains, 5 polygenic scores [PGSs] domains, and 1 demographics, and 1 behaviors domains) accounted for about 30% of variance in PhenoAge after accounting for chronological age. Among the 4 circumstances domains, adulthood adversity was the largest contributor (9%), while adulthood socioeconomic status (SES), childhood adversity, and childhood SES accounted for 2.8%, 2.1%, 0.7%, respectively. All PGSs contributed 3.8% of variance in PhenoAge (after accounting for chronological age). Further, using Hierarchical Clustering, we identified 6 distinct subpopulations/clusters based on the 4 circumstances domains, and 3 subpopulations/clusters of them that appear to represent disadvantaged circumstances were associated with higher PhenoAge. Finally, there was a significant gene-by-environment interaction between a previously validated PGS for coronary artery disease and the most apparently disadvantaged subpopulation/cluster, suggesting a multiplicative effect of adverse life course circumstances coupled with genetic risk on phenotypic aging. We concluded that socioenvironmental circumstances during childhood and adulthood account for a sizable proportion of differences in phenotypic aging among U.S. older adults. The disadvantaged subpopulations exhibited accelerated aging and the detrimental effects may be further exacerbated among persons with genetic predisposition to coronary artery disease.

scholarly journals OLD AND FORGOTTEN? CARE FOR ELDERS IN MEXICO AND THE U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Jaqueline L Angel ◽  
Kyriakos Markides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The United States and Mexico differ greatly in the organization and financing of their old-age welfare states. They also differ politically and organizationally in government response at all levels to the needs of low-income and frail citizens. While both countries are aging rapidly, Mexico faces more serious challenges in old-age support that arise from a less developed old-age welfare state and economy. For Mexico, financial support and medical care for older low-income citizens are universal rights, however, limited fiscal resources for a large low-income population create inevitable competition among the old and the young alike. Although the United States has a more developed economy and well-developed Social Security and health care financing systems for the elderly, older Mexican-origin individuals in the U.S. do not necessarily benefit fully from these programs. These institutional and financial problems to aging are compounded in both countries by longer life spans, smaller families, as well as changing gender roles and cultural norms. In this interdisciplinary panel, the authors of five papers deal with the following topics: (1) an analysis of old age health and dependency conditions, the supply of aging and disability services, and related norms and policies, including the role of the government and the private sector; (2) a binational comparison of federal safety net programs for low-income elderly in U.S. and Mexico; (3) when strangers become family: the role of civil society in addressing the needs of aging populations; and (4) unmet needs for dementia care for Latinos in the Hispanic-EPESE.

scholarly journals To vaccinate or not to vaccinate!? Predictors of willingness to receive Covid-19 vaccination in Europe, the U.S., and China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260230
Author(s):  
Julia Brailovskaia ◽  
Silvia Schneider ◽  
Jürgen Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Governmental Communication ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Country Specific

Researcher teams around the globe including the “Project Lightspeed” are intensively working on vaccines to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the availability of effective vaccines does not guarantee the vaccination willingness among the population. In spring 2021, we investigated the vaccination willingness and its potential predictors in representative online samples in nine countries (China, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, U.K., U.S.). Of the 9,264 participants, 79.9% revealed Covid-19 vaccination willingness. The highest willingness was in the U.K., followed by Spain and China, the lowest in Russia. In most countries, the perception of governmental Covid-19 measures as useful and the use of television reports as Covid-19 information source positively predicted the willingness. Further factors such as demographic variables, mental and physical health status, evaluation of governmental communication, social media use, and general adherence to Covid-19 measures showed a country-specific predictive pattern. Recommendations how to increase the vaccination willingness are provided.

scholarly journals 732Epidemiology of Geriatric Injury in Bangladesh: Findings from a National Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Naz Rahman ◽  
Jahangir Hossain ◽  
AKM Fazlur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background Everyday 2591 elderly people die due to injury worldwide. The complications and consequences of injury is different and worse than that of other age-groups. Yet little is known about the injury scenario of elderly population of Bangladesh. This paper aim to describe the epidemiology of geriatric injury of Bangladesh which will help policy-makers to undertake interventions for this vulnerable-group. Methods Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was carried out among 299,216 residents to identify the injury-related mortality and morbidity. Injury data among the population aged 60-years and above was extracted and analyzed for this study. Results Injury was found to cause 3.9% of the total deaths among elderly population of Bangladesh. Mortality and morbidity rate due to injury was found 157 (95%CI 112- 216) per 100,000 elderly populations and 129 (95%CI 124-133) per 1000 elderly population respectively. Fatality rate was 182.6 among urban population and 147 among rural population. Fall was identified as the leading cause of injury deaths and morbidity. It caused 47.2% of all fatality followed by Transport-injury (19.4%) and Suicide (13.9%). Among all fatally injured, 72.2% victims received treatment from health-service providers and among these 58.3% (n = 21) went to registered doctors. Conclusions Fall is the leading cause of injury related mortality and morbidity among elderly of Bangladesh. A significant amount of deaths also occurred due to RTI and suicide. Further in-depth research and interventions are needed to minimize the preventable burden of fatality and morbidity among this vulnerable-group. Key messages Elderly, Injury, Epidemiology, Bangladesh

scholarly journals An Empirical Model of Behavioral Heterogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Subal C Kumbhakar ◽  
Mike G Tsionas
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Behavioral Heterogeneity ◽  
Profit Maximizing ◽  
Sample Separation ◽  
Additional Sample ◽  
The U.S

In this paper we propose a new latent class/mixture model (LCM) to determine whether firms behave like profit maximizers or just cost minimizers when there is no additional sample separation information. Since some firms might be maximizing profit while others might minimize cost, the LCM with behavioral heterogeneity can be quite useful. Estimation of the LCM amounts to mixing a cost minimization and a profit maximization model. Using the U.S. airlines data we find that after deregulation about 15% of the airlines are found to be consistent with profit maximizing behavior. 

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