scholarly journals Modal lifespan and disparity at older ages by leading causes of death: a Canada-U.S. comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-344
Author(s):  
Viorela Diaconu ◽  
Nadine Ouellette ◽  
Robert Bourbeau
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractThe U.S. elderly experience shorter lifespans and greater variability in age at death than their Canadian peers. In order to gain insight on the underlying factors responsible for the Canada-U.S. old-age mortality disparities, we propose a cause-of-death analysis. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to compare levels and trends in cause-specific modal age at death (M) and standard deviation above the mode (SD(M +)) between Canada and the U.S. since the 1970s. We focus on six broad leading causes of death, namely cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, and four types of cancers. Country-specific M and SD(M +) estimates for each leading cause of death are calculated from P-spline smooth age-at-death distributions obtained from detailed population and cause-specific mortality data. Our results reveal similar levels and trends in M and SD(M +) for most causes in the two countries, except for breast cancer (females) and lung cancer (males), where differences are the most noticeable. In both of these instances, modal lifespans are shorter in the U.S. than in Canada and U.S. old-age mortality inequalities are greater. These differences are explained in part by the higher stratification along socioeconomic lines in the U.S. than in Canada regarding the adoption of health risk behaviours and access to medical services.

Sickle Cell Disease Mortality in the United States: Age at Death and Contributing Causes.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton Haywood ◽  
Sophie Lanzkron
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
College Education ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The U.S

Abstract BACKGROUND: In the early 1990’s, the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) estimated a median life expectancy of 42 years for males, and 48 years for females with sickle cell anemia. We used death certificate data from the late 1990’s and early 2000’s to examine age at death and contributing causes of death for persons with sickle cell disease (SCD). METHODS: We used the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause of Death (MCOD) files to examine age at death and contributing causes of death for persons in the U.S. with SCD during the years 1999 to 2004. The MCOD files contain data from all death certificates filed in the U.S. Each observation in the data has listed an underlying (primary) cause of death, as well as up to 20 conditions thought to contribute to the death. We used ICD-10 codes D570-D578 to identify all deaths attributed to SCD during the time period under study. Records with the ICD-10 code for sickle cell trait (D573) were excluded from further analyses. We used the Clinical Classification Software provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to collapse all listed ICD-10 codes into smaller categories. Analyses of age at death were conducted using t-tests, median tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression as appropriate. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2004, there were 4553 deaths in the U.S. attributed to SCD (mean = 759/yr, sd = 42.6). SCD was listed as the primary cause in 65% of the deaths. 95% of the deaths were attributed to HbSS disease, and approximately 1% of the deaths were attributed to double heterozygous sickle cell disorders (SC/SD/SE/Thal). 50.4% of the deaths were among males. 64% of the decedents had a high school education or less. 54% of the decedents lived in the South. 68% of the decedents died as inpatients in a hospital. The mean age at death for the time period was 38.2 years (sd = 15.6). There was no change in the mean age at death during the time period. Females were older than males at death (39.4 vs. 36.9, p < 0.0001). Those with HbSS were younger than those with a double heterozygous disorder (38 vs. 47, p < 0.02). Having SCD listed as the primary cause of death was associated with younger age at death (36.8 vs. 40.7, p < 0.0001). Decedents with at least some college education were older at death than those with high school educations or less (40.9 vs. 37.0 p < 0.0001). There were no regional differences in mean age at death. In a multivariate model of age at death with the predictors gender, region, education, and whether or not SCD was listed as the primary cause of death, being female and having some college education remained associated with older age at death, while having SCD listed as the primary cause of death remained associated with younger age at death. Septicemia, pulmonary heart disease, liver disease and renal failure were among the top contributing causes of death for adults, while septicemia, acute cerebrovascular disease and pneumonia were among the top contributing causes of death for kids. CONCLUSIONS: Persons dying from SCD during 1999 to 2004 experienced ages at death that are not improved over those reported by the CSSCD, suggesting the continued need for societal efforts aimed at improving the quality of care for SCD, especially among adults with the condition. Educational attainment is associated with age at death among the SCD population, though it is not possible from the cross-sectional nature of this data to determine the causal directionality of this association.

scholarly journals Improving quality of medical certification of causes of death in health facilities in Tanzania 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trust Nyondo ◽  
Gisbert Msigwa ◽  
Daniel Cobos ◽  
Gregory Kabadi ◽  
Tumaniel Macha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Background Monitoring medically certified causes of death is essential to shape national health policies, track progress to Sustainable Development Goals, and gauge responses to epidemic and pandemic disease. The combination of electronic health information systems with new methods for data quality monitoring can facilitate quality assessments and help target quality improvement. Since 2015, Tanzania has been upgrading its Civil Registration and Vital Statistics system including efforts to improve the availability and quality of mortality data. Methods We used a computer application (ANACONDA v4.01) to assess the quality of medical certification of cause of death (MCCD) and ICD-10 coding for the underlying cause of death for 155,461 deaths from health facilities from 2014 to 2018. From 2018 to 2019, we continued quality analysis for 2690 deaths in one large administrative region 9 months before, and 9 months following MCCD quality improvement interventions. Interventions addressed governance, training, process, and practice. We assessed changes in the levels, distributions, and nature of unusable and insufficiently specified codes, and how these influenced estimates of the leading causes of death. Results 9.7% of expected annual deaths in Tanzania obtained a medically certified cause of death. Of these, 52% of MCCD ICD-10 codes were usable for health policy and planning, with no significant improvement over 5 years. Of certified deaths, 25% had unusable codes, 17% had insufficiently specified codes, and 6% were undetermined causes. Comparing the before and after intervention periods in one Region, codes usable for public health policy purposes improved from 48 to 65% within 1 year and the resulting distortions in the top twenty cause-specific mortality fractions due to unusable causes reduced from 27.4 to 13.5%. Conclusion Data from less than 5% of annual deaths in Tanzania are usable for informing policy. For deaths with medical certification, errors were prevalent in almost half. This constrains capacity to monitor the 15 SDG indicators that require cause-specific mortality. Sustainable quality assurance mechanisms and interventions can result in rapid improvements in the quality of medically certified causes of death. ANACONDA provides an effective means for evaluation of such changes and helps target interventions to remaining weaknesses.

scholarly journals Causes of Death Among 9000 Danish Centenarians and Semisuper-Centenarians in the 1970–2012 Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Lasse Kaalby ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
Karen Andersen-Ranberg ◽  
Bernard Jeune
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

AbstractAs most centenarians suffer from multiple diseases, they are at high risk of dying – but what do they ultimately die of? This question has scarcely been examined. We have carried out a register-based study of the causes of death (CoD) among Danish centenarians. Among 8559 centenarian deaths in the 1970–2012 period, the most common CoD was in the category of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD); at the end of the study period, this CoD accounted for one-third of the deaths in this age group. The mortality rate for CVD as an underlying CoD was more than halved during the period (from 358 to 170 per 1000 person-years). In contrast, the mortality rate for cancer remained stable during the whole period, but at a very low level (15–20 per 1000 person-years). Cancer made up a much smaller share of underlying CoDs among this age group (3–4%) than among 85–99-year-olds (15%). The mortality rate for pneumonia remained at a constant level (about 50 per 1000 person-years) of around 10% among centenarians and 5% among 85–99-year-olds. The underlying CoD groups that were reported with increasing frequency during the period were mental diseases, including dementia, which increased sevenfold; and ill-defined conditions/senility, which increased fourfold. The latter CoD group accounted for 28% of deaths among centenarians in the most recent years, and for more than one-third of deaths among semi-supercentenarians (aged 105–109). The increase in the proportion of deaths for which the CoD was listed as ill-defined conditions/senility was probably partly due to the under-diagnosis of diseases among centenarians, especially of heart diseases. However, a substantial proportion of these deaths may have been attributable to “old age” – i.e., a combination of several diseases and organ deficiencies – and not to a single underlying cause.

scholarly journals Variation in Cause-Specific Mortality Rates in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on Nationwide Data

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Enrico Grande ◽  
Ugo Fedeli ◽  
Marilena Pappagallo ◽  
Roberta Crialesi ◽  
Stefano Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes

Italy was a country severely hit by the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave in early 2020. Mortality studies have focused on the overall excess mortality observed during the pandemic. This paper investigates the cause-specific mortality in Italy from March 2020 to April 2020 and the variation in mortality rates compared with those in 2015–2019 regarding sex, age, and epidemic area. Causes of death were derived from the national cause-of-death register. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death among males and the second leading cause among females. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertensive, ischemic heart, and cerebrovascular diseases, with decreasing or stable mortality rates in 2015–2019, showed a reversal in the mortality trend. Moreover, mortality due to pneumonia and influenza increased. No increase in neoplasm mortality was observed. Among external causes of death, mortality increased for accidental falls but reduced for transport accidents and suicide. Mortality from causes other than COVID-19 increased similarly in both genders and more at ages 65 years or above. Compared with other areas in Italy, the Lombardy region showed the largest excess in mortality for all leading causes. Underdiagnosis of COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic may, to some extent, explain the mortality increase for some causes of death, especially pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.

Some Statistical Aspects of Mortality from Degenerative Heart Disease

1954 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Age Group ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Medical and social progress over the past 50 years has resulted in a large increase in the expectation of life, and this, together with a declining birthrate, has caused an increase in the proportion of old persons in the population. In 1901 less than 5% of the population of England and Wales was aged 65 and over; by 1949 the estimated percentage had increased to 11% and must inevitably increase still further in the future. A result of this is that more and more attention is being given to diseases of old age and in fact a new specialized branch of medicine, geriatrics, seems to have arisen. Heart diseases form by far the largest group of causes of death in old age and in 1949 were the certified cause of death in 37% of the deaths in England and Wales at ages 65 and over (Table 1). Even in the age-group 55-59 heart disease was responsible for 24% of all deaths in 1949.

Analysis of Population Representation Among Willed Whole-Body Donors to Facilitate the Construction of a Body Donation Program in China: From the Perspective of Medical Students and Anatomists

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282091371
Author(s):  
Hanlin Zhang ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
Naili Wang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Body Donation ◽  
Population Representation

The body donation program of Peking Union Medical College was established in May 1999. From May 1999 to December 2017, a total of 5,576 registrants registered and 1,459 donors donated their bodies. Demographic and medical characteristics of the donors were analyzed. The top four causes of death were neoplasms, heart diseases, respiratory diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Age at death among donors who died of neoplasms were significantly lower than other causes of death (all p < .05), and the interval between registration and donation among donors who died of neoplasms was significantly shorter than that among donors with other causes (all p < .001). The age of donors when they registered ( p < .001) and donated ( p < .001) was significantly older than that of general Beijing population. This study may provide a guide for medical colleges or research institutions to establish or enhance their own body donation programs.

scholarly journals Cause-of-death statistics in 2018 in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Young Shin ◽  
Jin Kim ◽  
Seokmin Lee ◽  
Min Sim Park ◽  
Sanghee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
The Third ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Republic

This study aimed to present and analyze the causes of death in the Korean population in 2018 through an analysis of cause-of-death data from Statistics Korea, which are classified based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision and the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death. The total number of deaths was 298,820, reflecting an increase of 13,286 (4.7%) from 2017. The crude death rate was 582.5 per 100,000 population, which was an increase of 25.1 (4.5%) from 2017. The 10 leading causes of death, in order, were malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, pneumonia, cerebrovascular diseases, intentional self-harm, diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, Alzheimer disease, and hypertensive diseases. Within the category of malignant neoplasms, the top five leading organs of involvement were the lung, liver, colon, stomach, and pancreas. Colon cancer was ranked as the third leading cause of death among malignant neoplasms. The most notable characteristics of the 2018 cause-of-death statistics were the ranking of pneumonia as the third leading cause of death, the inclusion of Alzheimer disease in the top 10 causes of death, and the exclusion of transport accidents from the 10 leading causes of death, which is a result that has not been seen since comparable statistics were first published in 1983. These changes reflect the increase of people over 65 years of age, who are vulnerable to infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Causes of Mortality in Older People With Intellectual Disability: Results From the HA-ID Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyt Oppewal ◽  
Josje D. Schoufour ◽  
Hanne J.K. van der Maarl ◽  
Heleen M. Evenhuis ◽  
Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract We aim to provide insight into the cause-specific mortality of older adults with intellectual disability (ID), with and without Down syndrome (DS), and compare this to the general population. Immediate and primary cause of death were collected through medical files of 1,050 older adults with ID, 5 years after the start of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities (HA-ID) study. During the follow-up period, 207 (19.7%) participants died, of whom 54 (26.1%) had DS. Respiratory failure was the most common immediate cause of death (43.4%), followed by dehydration/malnutrition (20.8%), and cardiovascular diseases (9.4%). In adults with DS, the most common cause was respiratory disease (73.3%), infectious and bacterial diseases (4.4%), and diseases of the digestive system (4.4%). Diseases of the respiratory system also formed the largest group of primary causes of death (32.1%; 80.4% was due to pneumonia), followed by neoplasms (17.6%), and diseases of the circulatory system (8.2%). In adults with DS, the main primary cause was also respiratory diseases (51.1%), followed by dementia (22.2%).

scholarly journals Deadly occupations: Assessing tuberculosis and accidental mortality among male workers in Sydney and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, 1909–1917

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Natalie C. Ludlow ◽  
Stacie D.A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Glace Bay

This study examines associations between occupation and cause of death among 802 working-age males (15 to 64 years of age) who diedin two single-industry communities (Glace Bay and Sydney) in Nova Scotia between 1909 and 1917. Employment in mining and steelmanufacturing is assessed for cause-specific mortality among men who died in Canada’s early industrial era, with a particular focus ondeaths due to tuberculosis (n=140, or 18% of deaths) and accidents (n=225, or 28% of deaths). Factoring in the effects of occupation,age at death, birthplace, community, and marital status, logistic regression results indicate that, among the men who died, occupation is a significant predictor for accidental deaths (relative to all other causes of death) but not for tuberculosis-related deaths. Interpretation of these results is grounded in a broader perspective on the nature of living and working conditions in these two single-industry communities.

2372Causes of death and effect of co-morbidities on mortality in young patients with heart failure. Data from the Swedish Heart Failure, Cause of Death and National Patient Registers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Basic ◽  
A Rosengren ◽  
U Dahlstrom ◽  
M Edner ◽  
T Zverkova Sandstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Quality Register ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background The last two decades incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) among young patients have increased in Sweden. Up to the beginning of the 21st century mortality in patients with HF has decreased but causes of death and the effects of co-morbidity on mortality in young patients with HF are not well studied. Purpose To address causes of death and the effect of co-morbidity at baseline on mortality during the last decade in young patients with HF. Methods The Swedish Heart Failure Register (SwedeHF,) a nationwide quality register, was introduced in Sweden in 2003. All hospital discharge diagnoses are recorded in the National Patient Register (NPR) and deaths are registered in the Cause of Death Register. All patients ≥18 and <55 years with a HF diagnosis in SwedeHF were included and linked to the Cause of Death Register and NPR with the personal identification number. ICD 10-codes for all comorbidities and principal cause of death were identified during the observation period from 2003 to 2016. Besides, comorbidity and mortality data were compared with age and sex matched controls from the general population, database from Statistics Sweden (SCB). Results We identified 3752 (6.2%) patients <55 years from the total SwedeHF population (n=60,962) and added 7573 age and sex matched controls. There were 971 (25.9%) women and 2781 (74.1%) men mean age 44.9 (8.4) and 46.4 (7.3) years respectively. Among the young 604 (16.1%) patients died vs. 162 (2.2%) among matched controls (p<0.001) during the observation period. Principal cause of death was HF in 2.7% of the young patients (in men 3% vs. 1.4% in women (p=0.221)), other cardiovascular diseases 48.7% (27.7% in men vs. 20% in women (p=0.05)), congenital heart disease 4% (3% in men vs. 6.9% in women (p=0.077)), cancer 12.9% (9.6% in men vs. 23.6% in women (p=0.003)), neurologic disease 4.5% (5.4% in men vs. 1.4% in women (p=0.028)) suicide 0.8% (0.7% in men vs 1.4% in women (p=0.47)) and other causes 15.1% (15.9% in men vs 12.5% in women (p=0.179)) vs. 0, 26.5%, 1.2%, 32.7%, 1.2%, 9.9% and 18.5% in matched controls (all p<0.0001). The effect of co-morbidity at baseline on mortality in young patients with HF is presented in Figure 1. Effect of co-morbidity on mortality Conclusion Compared to matched controls young patients with HF had worse survival. Almost one quarter of women with HF had cancer as a principal cause of death. Men with AF, obesity and depression at baseline had higher risk to die than women. Women with HF and hypertension, PAH or kidney disease at baseline had higher risk to die than men with HF and the same co-morbidities. Acknowledgement/Funding Swedish state under the agreement concerning research and education of doctors, The Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, Västra Götaland Region grants

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