scholarly journals Latent Classes of First Incident Difficulty in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1045-1045
Author(s):  
Danielle Feger ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
Alden Gross
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Parsimonious Model

Abstract Ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) deteriorates during prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD), eventually leading to impaired everyday functioning and dementia. Ordering and timing of IADL difficulty onset may identify individuals at greater risk of cognitive impairment, but most studies only consider total number of difficult tasks. Leveraging longitudinal data from the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) Study who entered free of any IADL difficulty (N=1266), we hypothesized that a latent class analysis based on timing of first reported IADL task difficulty would reveal class differences in cognitive functioning . Participants were followed until they self-reported at least one IADL difficulty, study completion (10 years), or loss to follow-up. Discrete-time multiple event process survival mixture (MEPSUM) models were used to simultaneously estimate hazards of incident IADL task difficulty across 7 task groups. Two, 3, 4, and 5 latent class models were fit to the data. Both unadjusted and covariate-adjusted models (adjusted for age, sex, race, education, marital status, and general health rating) were fit. Using the 2-class solution as the most parsimonious model, model entropy was 0.855. The model was able to distinguish a class of participants with lower global cognitive factor scores at baseline (Cohen’s D = 0.23, P = 0.04). We conclude that first incident IADL difficulty may be a useful measure in identifying individuals with worse cognitive functioning.

Exploratory Review: Self-Report IADL Assessments in the age of Internet-Connected Assistive Devices

2020 ◽  
pp. 153944922094000
Author(s):  
Abbas H. Quamar ◽  
Mark R. Schmeler ◽  
Diane M. Collins ◽  
Richard M. Schein
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Instrumental Activities

Internet-Connected Assistive Devices (iCAD), like accessible smartphones, tablets, computers, and apps, have become an integral part of everyday functioning for people with disabilities (PWD). The objective of this article was to identify self-report assessments having the relevance and clinical applicability for assessing satisfaction with performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) for PWD using iCAD. An exploratory review was conducted to identify self-report assessments that were appropriate, practical, clinically fit, and psychometrically acceptable, for assessing satisfaction with performing IADLs for PWD using iCAD. Thirty-two IADL assessments were identified, of which six met inclusion criteria. Four of six assessments did not specifically address iCAD usage, while two assessments had limited relevance and clinical applicability, for assessing satisfaction with performing IADLs for PWD using iCAD. This review establishes the growing need for a self-report IADL assessment that has been specifically designed and validated for assessing satisfaction with performing IADLs for PWD using iCAD

The relationship between neuropsychological measures and the Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living task in multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Goverover ◽  
HM Genova ◽  
FG Hillary ◽  
J. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can result in cognitive deficits and a loss of functional independence. To date, little research has linked the observed cognitive and behavioral deficits in MS, especially those in the processing speed domain, to performance on tasks of everyday functioning. The present study examined the relationship between neuropsychological test performance and performance on the Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living task (TIADL) in individuals with MS, and in healthy controls (HCs). The TIADL is a functional measure, which assesses both accuracy and speed in one's performance of everyday activities. The MS group performed significantly worse on the TIADL relative to the HC group. Additionally, TIADL scores of individuals with MS were significantly correlated with neuropsychological measures of processing speed. TIADL scores were not, however, correlated with neuropsychological measures of verbal episodic memory or working memory. These results indicate that the impairments in processing speed may contribute to impairments in activities of everyday living in persons with MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 636-644. http://msj.sagepub.com

A-61 Predictors of Subjective and Objective Everyday Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1103
Author(s):  
Alexandra E Jacob ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Pariya L Fazeli ◽  
David E Vance
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Instrumental Activities

Abstract Objective Older adults with HIV are at increased risk for difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Awareness of their functional capacity has emerged as an important area for research, but it is not well studied in PWH. The purpose of this study is: (1) to identify factors associated with subjective and objective IADL difficulty in PWH and (2) to identify factors associated with under- or over-reporting of IADL difficulties. Methods This cross-sectional study included 261 adults with HIV. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery, self-report and performance-based measures of IADLs. Self-report measures included the Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI) and the Lawton and Brody IADL Questionnaire. The Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TIADL) task was used as an objective measure. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to identify factors associated with subjective and objective assessment of everyday functioning as well as factors associated with discrepancy between self-report and actual performance of IADLS. Results On the PAOFI, higher depression (p = 0.001), lower conscientiousness (p > 0.001), and better processing speed (p = 0.017) predicted worse functioning. On the Lawton and Brody, higher depression (p = 0.049) predicted of worse functioning. On the TIADL, older age (p = 0.1), lower WRAT-4 score (p > 0.001), worse processing speed (p > 0.001), and worse motor function (p = 0.1) were associated with worse performance. Processing speed predicted discrepancy between subjective and objective performance of IADLs (p = 0.1). Conclusions Several demographic, cognitive, and personality variables are associated with worse subjective and objective everyday functioning, as well as an individual’s ability to accurately self-appraise their functional capacity.

Effectiveness of IADL interventions to improve functioning in persons with Schizophrenia: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110606
Author(s):  
Annie John ◽  
Sailaxmi Gandhi ◽  
Muliyala Krishna Prasad ◽  
Munivenkatappa Manjula
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Independent Functioning

Background of the study: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are activities that are needed to live an independent life. Psychotic disorders are associated with deficits in everyday functioning, causing impairment/disability in activities of daily living. Activities play a crucial role to measure functional health or disability. People with Schizophrenia often present difficulties in social and occupational reintegration that may be associated with problems in performing daily activities, including independent living, education, working, and socializing. Activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (life skills training) including leisure and social skills training intended to reintegrate the patient into the community to lead an everyday life. Aim: The aim of this review was to identify the effect of skill-based interventions on independent functioning in persons with Schizophrenia. Methods: The authors conducted database searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCO from 1st January 1992 to 31st December 2020. The researcher extracted data, and the quality of included studies was rated by two authors independently. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool for assessing the quality of selected studies. The search identified nine studies that met the inclusion criteria with 655 participants. The outcome measure was independent functioning skills. Results: The interventions in the review were multifaceted with different combinations of psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral methods, training in social skills, and IADL. The interventions resulted in significant improvement in functioning skills and reduction in relapse rates. Conclusion: Results of this review have revealed moderate to strong evidence for skills training, either behavioral or social skills to improve social and independent functioning, reduce caregiver burden, and improve negative symptoms. The review also supported that interventions could be generalized across settings.

Cognitive Functioning and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Late-Life Bipolar Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel G. Gildengers ◽  
Meryl A. Butters ◽  
Denise Chisholm ◽  
Joan C. Rogers ◽  
Margo B. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Instrumental Activities

scholarly journals Cognitive functioning in everyday life: The development of a questionnaire on instrumental activities of daily living in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205521732110380
Author(s):  
Maureen van Dam ◽  
Sietske AM Sikkes ◽  
Emma Rammeloo ◽  
Evy Reinders ◽  
Julia R Jelgerhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Starting Point

Neuropsychological test scores in people with MS (PwMS) do not fully reflect cognitive functioning in daily life. Therefore, we developed a questionnaire based on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), using the Amsterdam IADL-Q© for Alzheimer’s disease as starting point. Forty-eight items were evaluated on relevance and clarity by (inter)national experts (n = 30), PwMS (n = 61) and proxies (n = 30). Consequently, four items were omitted, two items were merged and seven items were added. Fifty items were included in the IADL questionnaire specific to cognitive functioning in MS (the MS-IADL-Q). Future studies are warranted to assess the psychometric properties of the MS-IADL-Q.

Everyday actions are activities of daily living

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOS F.M. DE JONGHE
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Naturalistic Action ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Model Household

Giovannetti and co-authors (Giovannetti et al., 2006) highlight the importance of measuring activities of daily living (ADL) and Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for the diagnosis of dementia. The method used, Naturalistic Action Test (NAT), is performance based. Study rationale was that “the relevance of diagnosis to everyday functioning has gone largely unexplored.” However, this statement seems to be invalid: cognitive impairment interfering with daily/social functioning is one of the DSM-IV dementia criteria. Secondly, many different ADL/IADL scales exist and are used in dementia research, including those that are performance based (Burns et al., 2004). Authors should have reviewed these scales more thoroughly and present a rationale for introducing a new one. NAT items model household chores and preparing a simple meal only. These activities are quite different from and perhaps easier to perform than using the telephone, handling finances, and similar instrumental activities. Simple activities or ADL may not be useful in differentiating dementia from normality, especially in the early stages of dementia.

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