scholarly journals Age-Related Change in the Daily Stressor Reactivity Across 20 Years of Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Events ◽  
National Study ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Affective reactivity to everyday stressful events has been shown to be an important predictor of poor mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in daily stress across 30 years of adulthood as a critical first step for understanding aging-related trends in daily stress. We used data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) to calculate exposure and reactivity to daily stressors collected during telephone interviews over the course of 8 consecutive days. These daily assessment bursts were conducted in 1997, 2007, and 2018. Data were comprised of 33,931 daily interviews from 2,880 adults ages 25-74 at the first burst. Results indicated decreased stressor reactivity over time but this decrease was greater for younger adults. Discussion will focus on how examining change in daily stress processes is critical for illuminating stress and health.

scholarly journals Age, Daily Stress Processes, and Allostatic Load: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Piazza ◽  
Robert S. Stawski ◽  
Julia L. Sheffler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Midlife Development

Objective: The present study examined age differences in the association between daily stressors and allostatic load. Method: Participants consisted of 317 adults (34-84 years) who participated in Waves 1 (1996-1997) and 2 (between 2005 and 2009) of the Midlife Development in the United States Survey. During Wave 1, participants reported the stressors they encountered across eight consecutive days. Within-person affective reactivity slopes indexing change in negative affect from a nonstressor day to a stressor day were calculated for each participant. Affective reactivity and stressor exposure scores at Wave 1 were used to predict allostatic load at Wave 2. Results: Heightened levels of affective reactivity at Wave 1 predicted elevated levels of allostatic load at Wave 2 but only among older adults who also reported high levels of stressor exposure. No significant associations emerged for younger adults. Discussion: Daily stress processes may be one pathway through which age-related physical health declines occur.

scholarly journals Age Differences and Longitudinal Change in Exposure to Daily Stressors: Three Waves of Diary Data Across 20 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Eric Cerino ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Robert Stawski
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
National Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Exposure to daily stress is an important risk factor for healthy aging. We examined cross-sectional age-related differences and longitudinal aging-related change in stressor exposure across three waves of the National Study of Daily Experiences (N=2,914, M=51.53 years, SD=13.55, 56.35% Female) spanning 20 years. Exposure to six types of stressors (arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, home overloads, network stressors, other) were obtained from telephone interviews over 8 consecutive days in waves conducted in ~1996, ~2008, and ~2017. Longitudinal analyses revealed declines in stressor exposure across 20 years (p<.01), driven by declines in arguments, work overloads, and network stressors specifically. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that older individuals reported stressors less frequently (p<.01), driven by decreases in arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, and home overloads specifically. Rates of longitudinal decline did not depend on age at baseline. Results suggest that aging-related changes and baseline age differences inform daily stress trajectories in mid- and later-life.

scholarly journals Characterizing Perceived Control Over Daily Stress: Longitudinal Changes and Associations With Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Robert Stawski ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Eric Cerino
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Perceived control is an important psychosocial correlate of healthy aging. Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (N=1,047, M=55.82 years, SD=10.35, 57.27% Female), we examined cross-sectional age-related differences and longitudinal aging-related change in perceived control over daily stress across 10 years and explored the influence of stressor control on negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). Stressor control, NA, and PA were obtained from telephone interviews over 8 consecutive days in measurement bursts conducted in ~2008 and ~2017. Longitudinal analyses revealed significant declines in stressor control across 10 years (p<.001). Cross-sectional analyses revealed marginally lower stressor control among older individuals (p<.10). Within-person associations revealed lower NA and higher PA on days when stressor control was higher than usual (ps<.001). Results suggest that stressor control declines with age and holds promise as an important component of daily stress processes with relevance for health and well-being outcomes across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Effects of Parental Childhood Abuse on Daily Stress Processes in Adulthood

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986906
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Kong ◽  
Lynn M. Martire ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
David M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
National Study ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
History Of

Extensive evidence suggests that exposure to childhood abuse can lead to harmful health effects across a lifetime. To contribute to the literature, the current study examined whether and how a history of parental childhood abuse affects exposure to and severity appraisal of daily stressors in adulthood, as well as emotional reactivity to these stressors. We analyzed 14,912 daily interviews of 2,022 respondents from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences. Multilevel modeling was utilized to analyze nested data, in that each person provided repeated measures of daily experience for eight consecutive study days. Results showed that more frequent experience of maternal childhood abuse was associated with more severe appraisal of daily stressors. In addition, adults with more frequent maternal childhood abuse exhibited greater emotional reactivity to daily stressors. The current study provides evidence that a history of parental childhood abuse may serve as a vulnerability factor in the process of experiencing and responding to stressful events encountered in daily life. Future research should further explore the long-term health effects of daily stress and emotional experience among adults with a history of parental childhood abuse. Interventions for these adults should focus on promoting emotional resilience in the face of daily stress.

scholarly journals The Ups and Downs of Daily Life During COVID-19: Age Differences in Affect, Stress, and Positive Events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Klaiber ◽  
Jin H Wen ◽  
Anita DeLongis ◽  
Nancy L Sin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Past research has linked older age with greater emotional well-being and decreased reactivity to stressors, but it is unknown whether age-related advantages in emotional well-being are maintained in the wake of COVID-19. We examined age differences in exposure and affective reactivity to daily stressors and positive events in the first several weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods In March and April 2020, 776 adults from Canada and the United States aged 18–91 (mean age 45) years reported COVID-19 threats at baseline, then completed nightly surveys for 1 week about their daily stressors, positive events, and affect. Results Younger age predicted more concerns about the threat of COVID-19 across multiple domains, in addition to lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and less frequent positive events. Younger adults had more non-COVID-19 daily stressors and higher perceived control over stressors, but lower perceived coping efficacy than older adults. There were no age differences in the frequency of COVID-19 daily stressors nor perceived stressor severity. Younger adults had greater reductions in negative affect on days when more positive events occurred and greater increases in negative affect on days when non-COVID-19 stressors occurred. Age moderation was attenuated for negative affective reactivity to COVID-19 stressors. Age did not moderate positive affective reactivity to daily events. Discussion In the early weeks of the pandemic, older adults showed better emotional well-being and less reactivity to stressors but did not differ from younger adults in their exposure to COVID-19 stressors. Additionally, younger adults benefited more from positive events.

scholarly journals Stress Processes Over 2 Decades: Findings From the National Study of Daily Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
David Almeida ◽  
Daniel Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
National Study ◽  
Stress Process ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Daily experiences of stress and the associated sequelae of affective and physiological changes represent the multiple dimensions of a complex, time-dependent process of how stressors unfold in daily life. Daily diaries capture these time-sensitive processes as they occur under real world conditions. Longitudinal changes in stress processes can then be tracked using a measurement burst design: daily diaries repeated longitudinally. Using this design, the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) has generated more than 35,000 days of data from a national sample of over 2,500 adults assessed repeatedly across 20 years of adulthood. The NSDE features details of more than 10,000 reports daily stress including exposure, appraisal and affective responses from adults ranging in age from 24 to 95 years. The current symposium leverages this unique and influential dataset to examine age differences and aging-related changes in daily stress processes with four presentations from the NSDE. First, Dr. Robert Stawski will discuss longitudinal change and age-related differences in exposure to multiple types of daily stressors. Next, Dr. Susan Charles will examine age differences and change in a key element of the stress process: negative affect. Third, Dr. Eric Cerino will describe longitudinal change in appraisals of daily stressors focusing on stressor control. Finally, Dr. David Almeida will examine changes in negative affect reactivity to daily stressors across the 20 years of the NSDE. Dr. Dan Mroczek will discuss the picture these presentations provide of how aging and age-differences impact the daily stress process and future directions for understanding these trajectories.

scholarly journals Positive Emodiversity Buffers the Association Between Stress and Depressive Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 653-653
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Benson ◽  
Anthony Ong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
National Study ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Optimal Functioning

Abstract Intensive measurements of individuals’ experiences allow for identifying patterns of functioning that may be markers of resilience, and whether such patterns differ across the life span. Using 8 daily diary reports collected in the second burst of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE, n=848, age 34-84; 55%female), we examined whether positive emodiversity (Shannon’s entropy) attenuated the association between cumulative stressor exposure and depressive symptoms, and age-related differences therein. Results indicated age moderated the extent to which positive emodiversity attenuated the association between stress and depressive symptoms (b=0.11, p < .05). The attenuated association was strongest for younger adults with higher positive emodiversity, compared to those with lower positive emodiversity. For older adults, the association between stress and depressive symptoms was relatively similar regardless of their positive emodiversity. Implications pertain to for whom and in what contexts specific types of dynamic emotion experiences may promote optimal functioning and resilience.

scholarly journals Positive Affect and Negative Emotional Responses to Daily Stressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 638-638
Author(s):  
Kate Leger ◽  
Susan Charles ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
National Study ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Average State

Abstract Positive affect is beneficial for regulating negative emotional responses to stressful events. Yet, few studies have examined if positive affect may attenuate negative affect the following day. We examined how both trait positive affect and state positive affect are associated with next day stressor-related negative emotions. Participants (N = 1,588) from the National Study of Daily Experiences II (NSDE II) and the Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS II) answered questions about stressors and emotion across eight days. People high on trait positive affect reported less negative affect the day following a stressor. On days when people experienced a stressor and higher than average state positive affect, they experienced less negative emotion the following day. This held true regardless of whether people were high or low on trait positive affect. Positive affect can help explain both who and when people will have attenuated emotional responses to stressful events.

Daily Stressor Exposure and Daily Well-Being Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults in the United States: Results from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britney M Wardecker ◽  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Jes L Matsick ◽  
David M Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Study ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Experiences

Abstract Background Daily stress plays a significant role in mental and physical health. Negative mood (e.g., hopelessness) and physical symptoms (e.g., headaches) are responses often associated with daily stressors. It is theorized that some people or populations are more vulnerable or reactive to daily stressors. We propose sexual orientation as one factor that is associated with daily stress exposure and reactivity. Purpose To understand whether sexual minorities (SMs) differ from heterosexuals in their exposure and reactivity to general, non-sexual minority-specific stressors (e.g., arguments/disagreements, job concerns). Methods We used daily diary data (n = 3,323 heterosexuals [52% identified as female and 85% identified as White]; n = 98 SMs [50% identified as female and 93% identified as White]) from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Participants completed eight consecutive evening daily diary interviews (n days = 24,773; mean days completed = 7.24) and reported daily stress exposure and daily well-being. We used multilevel modeling as an approach to examine whether sexual orientation interacted with daily stressors to predict daily negative affect and physical health. Results SMs tended to experience more daily stressors compared to heterosexuals; specifically, SMs reported at least one stressor on nearly half (48%) of the study days they completed, and heterosexuals reported at least one stressor on about two-fifths (41%) of the study days they completed. SMs also tended to experience more negative mood when they experienced a daily stressor compared to heterosexuals when they experienced a daily stressor. Conclusion We emphasize the importance of SMs’ exposure and reactivity to general daily stressors and the implications of our results for the day-to-day lives and health of SMs.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Daily Stress Processes in College-Aged Adults: Examining the Role of Depressive Symptom Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody L. Greaney ◽  
Ashley M. Darling ◽  
Jennifer R. Turner ◽  
Erika F. H. Saunders ◽  
David M. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
A Current

Exposure to daily stressors specific to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., threat of infection) is associated with emotional distress, heightened stress reactivity, and increased depressive symptomology. Herein, we examined whether current depressive symptomology modulates the association between COVID-19-related daily stressor exposure and negative affective reactivity in young, otherwise healthy, college-aged adults. Fifty-eight adults (21 men; 22±3years) completed a daily web-based interview for eight consecutive days to assess COVID-19-related daily stress exposure and emotional responsiveness (September–November 2020). Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and a score of ≥10 (range: 0–27) was used to define adults with a depressive episode (n=20). Participants reported at least one COVID-19-related stressor on 35.8% of interview days. Depressive symptomology did not predict the likelihood of exposure to a COVID-19-related stressor (p=0.46; OR=1.52; 95% CI: 0.492–4.718). However, negative affect (NA) was greater on days with an exposure to any COVID-19-specific daily stressor in adults with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (b=0.28, SE=0.093, p=0.003) but not in those without (b=0.009, SE=0.074, p=0.90), such that negative affective reactivity to COVID-19-related stressors was amplified in adults with a current depressive episode (p=0.019). Depressive symptomology did not moderate positive affective reactivity (p=0.686). Taken together, these data suggest that exposure to daily stressors related to COVID-19 further worsens NA in adults with a current depressive episode, potentially rendering them more susceptible to adverse mental health outcomes during the pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document