scholarly journals Characterizing Perceived Control Over Daily Stress: Longitudinal Changes and Associations With Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Robert Stawski ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Eric Cerino
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Perceived control is an important psychosocial correlate of healthy aging. Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (N=1,047, M=55.82 years, SD=10.35, 57.27% Female), we examined cross-sectional age-related differences and longitudinal aging-related change in perceived control over daily stress across 10 years and explored the influence of stressor control on negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). Stressor control, NA, and PA were obtained from telephone interviews over 8 consecutive days in measurement bursts conducted in ~2008 and ~2017. Longitudinal analyses revealed significant declines in stressor control across 10 years (p<.001). Cross-sectional analyses revealed marginally lower stressor control among older individuals (p<.10). Within-person associations revealed lower NA and higher PA on days when stressor control was higher than usual (ps<.001). Results suggest that stressor control declines with age and holds promise as an important component of daily stress processes with relevance for health and well-being outcomes across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Age Differences and Longitudinal Change in Exposure to Daily Stressors: Three Waves of Diary Data Across 20 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Eric Cerino ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Robert Stawski
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
National Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Exposure to daily stress is an important risk factor for healthy aging. We examined cross-sectional age-related differences and longitudinal aging-related change in stressor exposure across three waves of the National Study of Daily Experiences (N=2,914, M=51.53 years, SD=13.55, 56.35% Female) spanning 20 years. Exposure to six types of stressors (arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, home overloads, network stressors, other) were obtained from telephone interviews over 8 consecutive days in waves conducted in ~1996, ~2008, and ~2017. Longitudinal analyses revealed declines in stressor exposure across 20 years (p<.01), driven by declines in arguments, work overloads, and network stressors specifically. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that older individuals reported stressors less frequently (p<.01), driven by decreases in arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, and home overloads specifically. Rates of longitudinal decline did not depend on age at baseline. Results suggest that aging-related changes and baseline age differences inform daily stress trajectories in mid- and later-life.

scholarly journals Perceived Social Integration Predicts Engagement and Responsiveness to Positive Events: Test of Age Moderation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
Patrick Klaiber ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Nancy Sin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
National Study ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Social Integration has important implications for health and well-being during adulthood. Being socially integrated might be an important resource that helps people to regularly engage in daily positive events. With older age, this resource might become increasingly important. However, being well socially integrated might also mean that people are certain that they experience more positive events in the future and thus, respond with less positive affect to any given positive event. We examined perceived social integration as a predictor of engagement and responsiveness to positive events using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences 2. 1904 adults (Mean age = 56.25, min = 33, max = 84) reported their daily positive affect and daily positive events during 8 consecutive days of telephone interviews. Perceived social integration was assessed at baseline. Adults higher in social integration experienced daily positive events more frequently (b = 0.01, SE = 0.003, p < .001), but showed less of an increase in positive affect on days with more-than-usual positive events (b = -0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .030). These models controlled for the Big Five personality traits, purpose in life, demographic variables and same-day occurrence of stressors. Age did not moderate the present associations. The present findings imply that social integration might be an important contributor to experiencing more positive events across adulthood. Being better socially integrated might also lead to responding with less positive emotions to any given positive event.

Inhibition and Switching in Healthy Aging: A Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steinunn Adólfsdóttir ◽  
Daniel Wollschlaeger ◽  
Eike Wehling ◽  
Astri J. Lundervold
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Speed Measure ◽  
Interference Test

AbstractObjectives: Discrepant findings of age-related effects between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on executive function (EF) have been described across different studies. The aim of the present study was to examine longitudinal age effects on inhibition and switching, two key subfunctions of EF, calculated from results on the Color Word Interference Test (CWIT). Methods: One hundred twenty-three healthy aging individuals (average age 61.4 years; 67% women) performed the CWIT up to three times, over a period of more than 6 years. Measures of inhibition, switching, and combined inhibition and switching were analyzed. A longitudinal linear mixed effects models analysis was run including basic CWIT conditions, and measures of processing speed, retest effect, gender, education, and age as predictors. Results: After taking all predictors into account, age added significantly to the predictive value of the longitudinal models of (i) inhibition, (ii) switching, and (iii) combined inhibition and switching. The basic CWIT conditions and the processing speed measure added to the predictive value of the models, while retest effect, gender, and education did not. Conclusions: The present study on middle-aged to older individuals showed age-related decline in inhibition and switching abilities. This decline was retained even when basic CWIT conditions, processing speed, attrition, gender, and education were controlled. (JINS, 2017, 23, 90–97)

scholarly journals Age-Related Change in the Daily Stressor Reactivity Across 20 Years of Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Events ◽  
National Study ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Affective reactivity to everyday stressful events has been shown to be an important predictor of poor mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in daily stress across 30 years of adulthood as a critical first step for understanding aging-related trends in daily stress. We used data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) to calculate exposure and reactivity to daily stressors collected during telephone interviews over the course of 8 consecutive days. These daily assessment bursts were conducted in 1997, 2007, and 2018. Data were comprised of 33,931 daily interviews from 2,880 adults ages 25-74 at the first burst. Results indicated decreased stressor reactivity over time but this decrease was greater for younger adults. Discussion will focus on how examining change in daily stress processes is critical for illuminating stress and health.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study on Online Sexual Engagement, Victimization, and Psychosocial Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Reer ◽  
Ruth Wendt ◽  
Thorsten Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

Several cross-sectional studies have shown that online sexual engagement (OSE) in the form of sexting or sexy self-presentation on social media is associated with an increased risk of experiencing negative consequences, such as online sexual victimization (OSV) or lower levels of psychosocial well-being. However, representative and longitudinal studies are scarce. The current study follows three research goals: (1) examining the prevalence of OSE and OSV among a random-quota sample of 1,019 German Internet users aged 14–64 years, (2) examining gender and age-related differences in OSE and OSV, and (3) examining the longitudinal relationships between OSE, OSV, and psychosocial well-being over a period of 1 year. Our results indicate that OSE and OSV are relatively widespread: 17.7% of the participants had already experienced OSV, 25.3% indicated that they had presented themselves online in a sexualized manner at least once in the past 2 months, and 22.7% showed a certain willingness to engage in sexting. We found higher rates among the younger participants. However, to a certain degree, older individuals were also affected. Male participants showed higher sexting willingness and more often presented themselves in a sexualized manner than females, whereas only small differences related to OSV were found. Concerning relationships with psychosocial well-being, our cross-sectional results showed that OSE, OSV, and mental problems are intercorrelated. Furthermore, we detected a significant long-term relationship between higher sexting willingness at time 1 and more victimization experienced 1 year later, whereas no significant longitudinal associations with lower levels of psychosocial well-being were identified.

scholarly journals Affective Vulnerability to Short Sleep Predicts 10-Year Changes in Chronic Health Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 635-636
Author(s):  
Nancy Sin ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Orfeu Buxton ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Study ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Item Checklist

Abstract We examined daily affective vulnerability to short sleep (i.e., individual differences in the extent that sleeping ≤6h predicts next-day affect) as a risk factor for developing chronic conditions 10 years later. Participants (N=1945, ages 35-85, 57% women) from the National Study of Daily Experiences reported sleep duration and affect in daily diary telephone interviews. Chronic conditions were assessed with a 39-item checklist (e.g., arthritis, hypertension, diabetes). Multilevel structural equation models revealed that individuals with heightened negative affect following short sleep had an increased number of chronic conditions after 10 years (Est.=1.20, SE=.48, p<.01). Positive affective vulnerability (i.e., greater declines in positive affect following shorter sleep vs. longer sleep) was marginally associated with 10-year chronic conditions (Est.=-.72, SE=.40, p=.07). Adding to the well-established connections between sleep duration and well-being across adulthood, these findings suggest that affective vulnerability to short sleep represents a unique risk factor for long-term health as people age.

scholarly journals Perceived Control and Aging: A Mini-Review and Directions for Future Research

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Robinson ◽  
Margie E. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Health And Well Being

This brief review on perceived control and aging is organized according to 3 perspectives of research involving description, explanation, and modification. An extensive body of literature has utilized cross-sectional and correlational methods to describe the sociodemographic variations and outcomes associated with perceived control. This work has focused on differences in perceived control as a function of age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and culture and has identified positive associations with many aging-related outcomes involving health and well-being. With growing evidence regarding the health benefits of perceived control in the context of a declining sense of control with aging, there has been an increased effort to uncover the mechanisms involved, with the hopes of developing methods to maintain and/or promote adaptive control beliefs throughout adulthood. Through longitudinal and experimental work, researchers are beginning to clarify the directionality and elucidate the mechanisms to explain the associations. Recent evidence from longitudinal studies shows that control beliefs have an impact on subsequent changes in health. Yet, the findings suggest that it is not a unidirectional relationship. A conceptual model suggesting an ongoing reciprocal relationship between perceived control and health and well-being is discussed. Research examining the mechanisms that link perceived control to aging-related outcomes can help to inform and to develop effective interventions that are tailored to the individual's specific barriers and goals. We consider new directions for research, including more attention to intraindividual variability and reactivity to daily challenges, such as stress, with the goal of advancing our understanding of how perceived control contributes to aging-related outcomes. More work is needed to develop strategies to enhance control beliefs in later life. Although it will not always be possible to modify control beliefs, researchers can take these beliefs into account when developing interventions. A personalized approach is recommended as a way to tailor interventions that are compatible with individuals' beliefs about control to facilitate adaptive behavior change. Conclusions focus on selected issues and considerations for future research.

Identifying Program Preferences through Conjoint Analysis: Illustrative Results from a Parent Sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spoth ◽  
Cleve Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
Parent Choices ◽  
Using Data

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the application of conjoint analysis, a consumer research technique, using data from a survey of parents' preferences for prevention programs. Design. This study utilized a one-time, cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting. Data were collected from subjects living in economically disadvantaged rural midwestern counties. Subjects. Subjects were 202 randomly selected parents with préadolescents who indicated interest in family-focused prevention programs. Measures. Conjoint analysis software was employed in computer-assisted telephone interviews to evaluate relative preferences for 39 individual features of family-focused prevention programs falling under 11 categories (e.g., program meeting time, facilitator background). The software also guided computer simulations of parent choices among four types of programs. Results. Findings indicated that meeting time was the most important category of program features. Strongly preferred individual features included meetings scheduled on weekday evenings, instruction by child development specialists, and programs based on extensive research. Two multiple-session programs evaluated via computer simulations incorporated several preferred features and received higher ratings than did single-session programs. Estimated variance z-tests indicated limited differences in perceived importance of program feature categories across sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions. Findings highlight a) differences in the relative value parents place on various features of prevention programs in the surveyed population and b) the importance of practical aspects of program delivery.

scholarly journals Association Between Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency and Intrapartum Fetal Compromise: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Asúnsolo ◽  
Chen Chaowen ◽  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Santiago Coca ◽  
Luisa N. Borrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Fetal Compromise

Introduction: Chronic venous disorder (CVeD) has a high prevalence, being commonly diagnosed by the presence of varicose veins. In fact, the development of varicose veins in lower extremities and/or pelvic venous insufficiency (LEPVI) is frequent. However, its potential impact on fetal health has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine whether the presence of varicose veins in women's LEPVI is related to an intrapartum fetal compromise event.Materials: A cross-sectional, national study was conducted using medical administrative records (CMBD) of all vaginal births (n = 256,531) recorded in 2015 in Spain. The independent variable was defined as the presence of varicose veins in the legs, vulva, and perineum or hemorrhoids. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of interest.Results: Among women with vaginal deliveries, those with varicose veins in their LEPVI have a significantly greater odds of intrapartum fetal compromise (OR = 1.30, 99.55%CI = 1.08–1.54) than their counterparts without varicose veins. After adjustment, this association remained significant (OR = 1.25, 99.5%CI = 1.05–1.50).Conclusions: Our findings of an association between varicose veins in women's lower extremities and/or pelvis and intrapartum fetal compromise suggest that varicose veins may be a novel and important clinical risk factor for fetal well-being and health.

scholarly journals Young adults' personal concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: an issue for social concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1219
Author(s):  
Mette Ranta ◽  
Gintautas Silinskas ◽  
Terhi-Anna Wilska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Difficult Situations

PurposeThis study focuses on how young adults face the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating their personal concerns about mental well-being, career/studies and economic situation. The authors investigated how young adults' (aged 18–29) personal concerns differ from older people's concerns (aged 30–65) and which person- and context-related antecedents relate to personal concerns.Design/methodology/approachData of Finnish young adults aged 18–29 (n = 222), who participated in the “Corona Consumers” survey (N = 1,000) in April 2020, were analyzed by path analysis and compared to participants aged 30–65 by independent samples t-test.FindingsYoung adults were significantly more concerned about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental well-being, career/studies and economic situation than older people. Females were more concerned about their mental well-being than males. Among youth, lower life satisfaction was related to concerns about mental well-being, and lower satisfaction with financial situation was related to concerns about career/studies and economic situation. Young adults' predisposition to avoid difficult situations was related to more frequent concerns in all domains, whereas generalized trust and education were not.Research limitations/implicationsDue to cross-sectional data, causal COVID-19 interpretations should be made cautiously.Practical implicationsStrong youth policies are needed for youth empowerment, mental health and career advancement in the pandemic aftermath.Originality/valueThe study highlights the inequality of the effects of COVID-19: The pandemic has radically influenced young adults as they exhibit significant personal concerns in age-related life domains.

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