scholarly journals The Role of Maternal Relationship in the Persisting Effect of Combat Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn C Carr ◽  
Miles G Taylor ◽  
Alex Meyer ◽  
Natalie J Sachs-Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Maternal Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives The veteran population is aging. Combat exposure is associated with negative health and psychological outcomes in some, but not all veterans; others even appear to experience gains. One mechanism driving these varied responses might be early life relationships. This study investigated the extent to which the quality of early maternal relationships influences the association between combat exposures and life satisfaction (LS) among older male veterans. Research Design and Methods Data were drawn from a pooled sample of male veterans in the Health and Retirement Study who completed the 2013 Veteran Mail Survey (N = 1,160). We used ordinary least squares regression to examine the association between combat exposures (with and without exposure to death) and LS, and the moderating effect of maternal relationship quality on this association. Results We found a significant positive association between maternal relationship quality and LS, and a significant association of combat that was dependent on maternal relationship quality. Specifically, combat-exposed veterans with poor maternal relationship quality reported lower LS, whereas combat-exposed veterans with high relationship quality reported higher LS—relative to their noncombat-exposed counterparts. The effects of exposure to death of hazardous toxins did not mediate or moderate this relationship. Discussion and Implications Findings indicate that maternal relationships had a lasting influence on whether combat contributed to a positive, negative, or neutral long-term effect on wellbeing. Findings support previous studies that suggest early life factors may play an important role in the fostering of resilient health outcomes over the life course. Implications for preventative strategies in soldiers are discussed.

Applying a Home-Based Approach to the Understanding Distribution of Economic Impacts of Traffic Crashes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (12) ◽  
pp. 360-371
Author(s):  
Amin Mohamadi Hezaveh ◽  
Christopher R. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Home Address ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

The current practice of road safety attributes traffic crash costs to the location of traffic crashes. Therefore it is challenging to estimate the economic cost of traffic crashes and individuals who are more prone to the burden of traffic crashes. To address this limitation, this study used the home address of individuals who were involved in traffic crashes in the Knoxville Regional Travel Model (KRTM) region between 2015 and 2016. After geocoding the home addresses, 110,312 individuals were assigned to the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) corresponding to their home address and the economic cost of traffic crashes per capita (ECCPC) was calculated for each TAZ. The average ECCPC in the study area was $1,250. The KRTM output was used for extracting travel behavior data elements for modeling ECCPC at the zonal level. This study also established an index to measure average zonal activity in the transportation system for each TAZ. Analysis indicates that the burden of traffic crashes was more tangible in the TAZs with lower-income households and higher average zonal activities. To account for spatial autocorrelation, a Spatial Autoregressive model (SAR) and a spatial error model (SEM) were used. The SAR model was more suitable compared with SEM and ordinary least squares regression. Findings indicate that average zonal activity and traffic exposure have a significant positive association with ECCPC. The ECCPC could be used as an index for allocating proper countermeasures and interventions to groups and areas where the burden of traffic crashes is more tangible.

scholarly journals Audit fee discounting in the post-SOX environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Hoffman ◽  
Albert L. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Audit Pricing ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Audit Fee

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the expected implementation of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX 404(b)) (the integrated audit requirement) caused auditors to discount their audit fees for non-accelerated filers in anticipation of expected increased future economic rents (DeAngelo, 1981) from those clients. Design/methodology/approach This paper predicts that auditors charged their non-accelerated filer clients lower audit fees during the years 2005-2007 (in anticipation of increased expected future economic rents from the implementation of the SOX 404(b) requirement) compared with the years 2010-2012 (when it had been determined that non-accelerated filers were permanently exempt from complying with SOX 404(b)). The authors use ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine whether audit fees increased significantly for non-accelerated filers after the permanent exemption announcement. Findings The results show a significant positive association between the exemption announcement and audit fees, supporting the theory that auditors discounted their audit fees for non-accelerated filers in the pre-exemption announcement period. This finding is robust when sensitivity tests are used. Practical implications The findings of audit fee discounting literature related to the post-SOX period are mixed. This study adds to this stream of literature by supporting the notion that audit fee discounting is being practiced post-SOX and is a potential unintended consequence of SOX 404 and the exemption. Thus, investors will be interested in the results of this paper when making their investment decisions with regard to non-accelerated filers. Social implications The results of this paper show that, even in the post-SOX environment, auditors will employ the use of audit fee discounting if a change in regulation incentivizes it. This commentary on the present state of the audit pricing market should be of interest to audit pricing policymakers. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to study audit fee discounting outside the realm of initial audit engagements.

scholarly journals Longitudinal socioemotional pathways between retrospective early life maternal relationship quality and episodic memory in older adulthood.

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neika Sharifian ◽  
A. Zarina Kraal ◽  
Afsara B. Zaheed ◽  
Ketlyne Sol ◽  
Laura B. Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Maternal Relationship

scholarly journals Improving Green Market Orientation, Green Supply Chain Relationship Quality, and Green Absorptive Capacity to Enhance Green Competitive Advantage in the Green Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7251
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsien Lin ◽  
Nisha Kulangara ◽  
Krista Foster ◽  
Jennifer Shang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Green Market

This study examines the influences of market orientation, supply chain relationship quality, and absorptive capacity on competitive advantage in green supply chains. We examine the intensity of these relationships in a green supply chain context. This study aims to figure out the effects of green market orientation (GMO), green supply chain relationship quality (GRQ), and green absorptive capacity (GAC) on green competitive advantage (GCA) in a supply chain. We find a significant positive association between these constructs. It highlights the importance of antecedents such as GMO, GRQ, and GAC on improving GCA. We jointly investigate the effects of GMO, GRQ, and GAC on green supply chain competitive advantage. This study uses Process Macro 2.15 to test the mediation effect between GMO and GCA. The result shows that GRQ and GAC completely mediate the relationship between GMO and GCA and that the effect sizes are 0.11 and 0.20, respectively. This study also reruns the model to clarify whether competing models are better than our model. However, the performance of such a competing model is poor. Finally, we accept our model instead of the competing model. GMO and GRQ among team managers and employees appear to contribute positively to GCA. Although GAC does not directly influence GCA, GMO has a significant total effect on GCA when intervened by GRQ and GAC. The key contribution is that green market orientation, i.e., the employee culture and the emphasis on being environmentally responsible, is a key antecedent to GRQ, GAC, and GCA. Managerial implications of the findings are listed.

Wear in Retrieved Charnley Acetabular Sockets

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Hall ◽  
A Unsworth ◽  
P Siney ◽  
B M Wroblewski
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Initial Penetration ◽  
Strong Positive Association

One hundred and twenty-nine Charnley acetabular components were acquired at the time of revision surgery and a tribological investigation undertaken. The relative occurrence of pitting in the unworn and worn regions of the sockets suggest that most of the cement ingress occurs during the early part of the service life. The penetration depth of the explanted sockets was determined using the shadowgraph technique. Observation of the profiles in the wear planes suggest that, in general, the creep component was not a significant proportion of the overall change in the inner bore of the socket. Using weighted ordinary least squares regression, in which the intercept was not assumed to be zero, mean penetration and wear volume rates of 0.20 (SE = 0.02) mm/year and 55 (SE = 5) mm3/year, respectively, were recorded and are in agreement with other retrieval studies. In neither case was the intercept found to be significantly different from zero. A mean clinical wear factor, kclinical, equal to 2.1 (SE = 0.2) × 10-6 mm3/N m was calculated which is considerably larger than that found in laboratory experiments which purport to reflect in vivo conditions. In this analysis, a significant positive intercept was observed [96 (SE = 36) mm3] and may be evidence of the small initial penetration due to creep reported in simulator experiments. A strong positive association between kclinical and the arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, of the femoral head was also demonstrated although the rate of change was not as great as that cited for laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals Tone disclosure and financial performance: evidence from Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Aly ◽  
Sherif El-Halaby ◽  
Khaled Hussainey
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to examine the extent to which financial performance (FP) represents one of the main determinants for tone disclosure (TD) in Egyptian annual reports. The authors also measure the bidirectional relationship between TD and FP. Design/methodology/approach The manual content analysis is used to measure the levels of TD in annual reports for a sample of 105 firms listed on the Egyptian stock market. The sample covers a three-year period (2011-2013). Findings The descriptive analysis in this paper shows that Egyptian firms disclose more good news than bad news. Therefore, the net news disclosure, or net variances, between good/bad is positive. The empirical analysis shows a positive association between the narrative disclosure of good/bad news and FP based on return on assets. The authors also find a highly significant association between the auditor, profitability, leverage, firm growth and financial reporting of good/bad news information. Finally, the results of the ordinary least squares regression show that the causality between the two endogenous variables runs from FP to TD. Thus, TD is determined by FP. Originality/value This study offers a novel contribution to disclosure studies by being the first study to examine TD in one of the developing countries.

Does Early Life Racial Discrimination Explain a Mental Health Paradox among Black Adults?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432098818
Author(s):  
Courtney S. Thomas Tobin ◽  
Myles D. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of early life racial discrimination (ELRD) on mental health among Black adults. Methods: Data were from the Nashville Stress and Health Study ( n = 618). Ordinary least squares regression models examined the relationship between ELRD and adult psychological distress; logistic regression estimated the probability of past-year major depressive disorder (MDD). We also assessed whether ELRD moderated the relationship between adult discrimination and mental health. Results: Childhood (b = 1.07, SE = .51, p = .04) and adolescent ELRD (b = 1.32, SE = .42, p = .002) were associated with adult distress. Individuals who experienced childhood ERLD had 88% lower odds of adult MDD than individuals with no ELRD. Significant interactions showed that childhood and adolescent ELRD was protective against adult discrimination. Discussion: While ELRD importantly shapes distress and MDD among Black adults, patterns vary by outcome. Results indicate that adult distress and MDD develop through cumulative adversity processes that are further influenced by sensitive periods in the life course.

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges of value co-creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 3023-3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ma ◽  
Huimin Gu ◽  
Yonggui Wang ◽  
Daniel P. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Service Climate ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Involvement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the double-edged sword of customer involvement (perceived relationship quality and coordination cost) in new service development in the hotel industry, and to explore when customers should be involved from the service provider’s view. Design/methodology/approach A total of 252 valid questionnaires were collected from hotel managers, and ordinary least squares regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings Results not only show that customer involvement causes higher coordination cost but also show no direct positive effect on perceived relationship quality. Furthermore, this study finds that service climate reduces the negative effect of customer involvement and enhances its positive effect. By contrast, customer complexity intensifies the negative effect of customer involvement. Originality/value This study empirically examines the double-edged sword of customer involvement and tests the boundary conditions associated with hotel back and front office factors (service climate versus customer complexity).

scholarly journals Marital Commitment and Relationship Quality in Fertile and Infertile Couples

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahhossiani Tajik ◽  
◽  
Masoumah Sayyadi ◽  
Najmeh Taheri ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
T Test ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Marital Commitment ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
The Relationship

Aims Infertility is among the main problems in a marriage. It is associated with various psychological consequences, including the inability to establish a quality couple relationship as well as an unstable marital commitment. The present study aimed to investigate marital commitment and the relationship quality in fertile and infertile couples in 2016-2017. Methods & Materials This was an analytical cohort study. The statistical population consisted of all couples admitting to Sarem subspecialty Hospital in 2016. Two hundred people (96 infertile, 104 fertile) have been randomly selected as the samples. The completed the marital commitment and the relation to quality scales. After checking the normality of the data, the statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Student t-test, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings The obtained data revealed a significant positive association between marital commitment and relationship quality in fertile and infertile couples (r=0.27 and r=0.18, respectively) (P<0.05). However, this association was stronger in the fertile couples, compared with the infertile ones (relationship quality and marital commitment: P<0.0121 and P<0.0416, respectively). Moreover, the Student t-test and MANOVA results indicated significant differences in relationship quality and marital commitment between the two groups (P<0.0001 and P<0.002, respectively). Conclusion Infertility reduces couples’ commitment and negatively affects the quality of their relationships.

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