scholarly journals STRUCTURAL DISCRIMINATION AND MRI-ASSESSED BRAIN ENDPOINTS: HANDLS BRAINCHILD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S14-S14
Author(s):  
Danielle L Beatty Moody ◽  
Rao P Gullapalli ◽  
Christos Davatzikos ◽  
Shuyan Sun ◽  
Lesile Katzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract Emerging evidence demonstrates that exposure to race-related adversity, specifically, individual-level discrimination, in middle-age is adversely linked with white matter lesion volume, a prospective marker of future cerebrovascular disease as indicated on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). It remains unclear whether exposure to indices of neighborhood-level structural discrimination (e.g., residential segregation, % of population employed & with high school diploma/equivalency), are linked to MRI-assessed brain pathology and how these linkages may be patterned by key sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., race, age, sex, class). Knowledge of this linkage may help us further understand well-documented racial disparities in multiple clinical brain health endpoints including stroke, dementia, cognitive decline, functional disability, and subclinical brain pathology in adulthood. Thusly, this talk will focus on work that examines whether neighborhood-level structural discrimination is associated with MRI-brain assessed indicators of subclinical brain pathology and the role of key sociodemographic factors, with emphasis on the role of race.

Abstract C08: Cancer risk by air toxics in the Lowcountry: Examining the role of residential segregation and sociodemographic factors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaShanta Rice ◽  
Kristen Burwell ◽  
Chengsheng Jiang ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Ashok Samantapudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Air Toxics

scholarly journals Towards Spatial Assimilation? Contextual Mobility and Neighborhood Attainment among Norwegian Immigrant Descendants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Are Skeie Hermansen ◽  
Pål Oskar Hundebo ◽  
Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Neighborhood Contexts ◽  
Immigrant Generations ◽  
Neighborhood Level

We study contextual mobility and neighborhood attainment among immigrant descendants using administrative data from Norway. We find that immigrant descendants often remain in adult neighborhood contexts—characterized by relative economic disadvantage and comparatively few native-origin residents—that largely resemble their childhood neighborhoods. Intergenerational stability is strongest among descendants of immigrants from Pakistan, the Middle East, and Africa. Further, group-level differences in individual socioeconomic attainment, family background, and characteristics of their childhood neighborhoods account for a substantial part of the adult native-immigrant gaps in neighborhood-level economic composition, but less so for neighborhood-level proximity to native-origin residents. The role of childhood residential segregation is most important in accounting for adult native-immigrant gaps in neighborhood attainment. Our findings offer only partial support for spatial assimilation theory—which predicts that acculturation and socioeconomic progress will lead to a convergence in neighborhood profiles relative to natives across immigrant generations—but may reflect external barriers in the housing market or persistent in-group preferences for (co-ethnic) immigrant neighbors.

Role of Cardiac MRI in Detecting Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marymol Koshy ◽  
Bushra Johari ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Potential Use

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease affecting people of various ethnic origins and both genders. HCM is a genetic disorder with a wide range of symptoms, including the catastrophic presentation of sudden cardiac death. Proper diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can relieve symptoms and prolong life. Non-invasive imaging is essential in diagnosing HCM. We present a review to deliberate the potential use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM assessment and also identify the risk factors entailed with risk stratification of HCM based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Becoming the Demon Woman

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Faxneld
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Femme Fatale ◽  
Individual Level

Chapter9 analyses individuals who, both on and off the stage, actively assumed the role of the demon woman. Three persons are considered in detail: Sarah Bernhardt, the Italian marchioness Luisa Casati, and silent film actress Theda Bara. They chose—or, in Bara’s case, were chosen—to embody the (more or less supernatural or occult) femme fatale, as constructed mostly by male authors and artists. Seemingly, they felt this was empowering or useful for commercial, subversive, or other purposes. The analysis attempts to tease out some of the implications this enactment of a disquieting stereotype had on an individual level as well as in a broader cultural context. This also applies to the unknown women who wore jewellery depicting devils, demons, or Eve—a rebellious token clearly drawing on motifs familiar from Satanic feminism.

Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.

scholarly journals Brain atrophy and clinical characteristics predicting SDMT performance in multiple sclerosis: A 10-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205521732199239
Author(s):  
Cecilie Jacobsen ◽  
Robert Zivadinov ◽  
Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽  
Turi O Dalaker ◽  
Ingvild Dalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Specific Volumes

Objectives To identify Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), clinical and demographic biomarkers predictive of worsening information processing speed (IPS) as measured by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Methods Demographic, clinical data and 1.5 T MRI scans were collected in 76 patients at time of inclusion, and after 5 and 10 years. Global and tissue-specific volumes were calculated at each time point. For the primary outcome of analysis, SDMT was used. Results Worsening SDMT at 5-year follow-up was predicted by baseline age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), SDMT, whole brain volume (WBV) and T2 lesion volume (LV), explaining 30.2% of the variance of SDMT. At 10-year follow-up, age, EDSS, grey matter volume (GMV) and T1 LV explained 39.4% of the variance of SDMT change. Conclusion This longitudinal study shows that baseline MRI-markers, demographic and clinical data can help predict worsening IPS. Identification of patients at risk of IPS decline is of importance as follow-up, treatment and rehabilitation can be optimized.

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