scholarly journals NONTRADITIONAL VIEWS? HOW SIBLINGS MATTER FOR PERCEIVED PARENTAL CARE RESPONSIBILITY IN JAPAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S489-S490
Author(s):  
Ryo Hirayama ◽  
Tomoko Wakui
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor ◽  
Paid Labor ◽  
Children’S Views

Abstract Our aim in this study was to explore whether and how siblings’ marital and work status influence Japanese adult children’s perceived responsibility for parental care. Within traditional familial institutions in Japan, married sons were expected to assume parental care responsibility. At the same time, such care arrangements built on gendered division of labor; sons served as family breadwinners, and their wives cared for their parents-in-law while out of the paid labor force. Yet, because of sociodemographic shifts such as a greater percentage of unmarried persons and a growing number of women who seek to maintain their job, it has been increasingly unclear which adult children can and should assume the role of parental caregiver. Using online survey data from 989 Japanese adult children who were all employees with no parental care experiences ever, we sought to clarify the influences of siblings’ circumstances on whether these children anticipated assuming responsibility for conducting different care tasks for their parents. In doing so, we focused on how siblings’ gender and work and marital status might combine to affect adult children’s anticipation of parental care responsibility. A series of logistic regression analyses revealed that having a married brother made it less likely for adult daughters to anticipate assuming responsibility for conducting typical care tasks (e.g., ADL assistance) whereas for adult sons, having a single sister declined such anticipation. We discuss our findings in terms of how traditional familial institutions still impinge on Japanese adult children’s views of parental care responsibility.

scholarly journals Parental investment and adult children’s fertility intentions in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Over Time

Several studies have investigated the association between parental investment and childbearing decisions of adult children. However, studies testing whether changes in parental investment are associated with subsequent changes in fertility intentions over time are lacking. We investigated whether parental investment, measured as contact frequency, emotional closeness, financial support, and childcare, is associated with adult children’s intentions to have a first and a second, or subsequent, child. These associations were studied in four different parent-adult child dyads based on the sex of parents and adult children. We used eight waves from the longitudinal German Family Panel (pairfam) and exploited both between-person and within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models. Between-person associations represent the results across individuals and within-person associations represent an individual’s variation over time (i.e., whether changes in parental investment frequencies are associated with subsequent changes in adult children’s fertility intentions). We found that statistically nonsignificant associations outweighed significant ones. Significant associations were also more often present in the between-person than within-person models. Two of the three significant within-person effects were negative, meaning that when parental investment increased, adult children’s intentions to have a/another child decreased. In between-person models, the parental investment was associated with the childbearing intentions of adult sons rather than those of adult daughters. The present findings indicate that parental investment may not increase adult children’s intentions to have a/another child in Germany.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Associations Between Normative, Affectual, and Associational Solidarity With Parents in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 512-512
Author(s):  
Jeung Hyun Kim ◽  
Woosang Hwang ◽  
Kent Jason Cheng ◽  
Maria Brown ◽  
Merril Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Reciprocal Associations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Intergenerational solidarity has become important as close family ties mobilize the provision of social support across generations and contribute to the family wellbeing. One popular approach to studying intergenerational cohesion in aging families is through the theoretical construct of intergenerational solidarity. However, less is known about the longitudinal and reciprocal associations between normative, affectual, and associational solidarity with mothers and fathers among young-adult children in the transition to adulthood. On the basis of the theoretical construct of intergenerational solidarity, we examined the reciprocal associations between three dimensions of intergenerational solidarity (normative, affectual, and associational) with parents in young-adult children from their early twenties to late thirties. Data were derived from 287 mother-son, 325 mother-daughter, 262 father-son, and 297 father-daughter groups who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Generations between 2000 and 2016. Autoregressive cross-lagged model with latent variables predicted the causal relations between three dimensions of solidarity across four parent-child groups. We found that young-adult sons’ perceived associational solidarity with parents predicted normative solidarity over time, whereas young-adult daughters’ perceived affectual solidarity with mothers predicted normative solidarity over time. In addition, young-adult daughters’ perceived normative solidarity predicted affectual solidarity for fathers over time. The present study found that young-adult sons and daughters have different ways establishing normative solidarity in their early twenties to late thirties according to parents’ gender. In addition, this study found that normative solidarity is beneficial for young-adult daughters developing emotional closeness with fathers over time.

scholarly journals WHAT ENCOURAGES JAPANESE ADULT CHILDREN TO INITIATE END-OF-LIFE DISCUSSION WITH AGING PARENTS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
C. Shimada ◽  
R. Hirayama ◽  
K. Nakazato ◽  
T. Wakui
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Aging Parents

scholarly journals Who Are the Beneficiaries of China’s New Rural Pension Scheme? Sons, Daughters, or Parents?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3159
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Luo ◽  
Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Pension Income ◽  
Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Using Data

y applying a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, this study investigates whether sons, daughters, or parents are the beneficiaries of China’s New Rural Pension Scheme. Using data drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, our results indicate that pension income crowds out approximately 27.9% of the monetary support from adult sons and decreases the likelihood that adult sons live with their parents by 6.5%. However, we do not find a significant effect of pension income on the likelihood that adult daughters live with their parents. In regards to the well-being of parents, which is measured by consumption and health outcomes, the results show that pension income increases food and non-food consumption by 16.3 and 15.1%, respectively, and improves the psychological health of the elderly. Accounting for the different effects of pension income for those with different income levels, our results show that the New Rural Pension Scheme only has a significant effect on the poor elderly.

“A Blessing to Our Declining Years:” Feminine Response to Filial Duty in the New Republic

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Terri Premo
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Filial Responsibility ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
New Republic ◽  
Woman's Sphere

This article examines the ties that bound adult daughters to their aged parents in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Despite the increasingly domestic nature of woman's sphere during this period, women frequently acknowledged ambivalence towards some aspects of filial responsibility. Adult daughters considered such duty as both appropriate and deserved, yet sometimes found the burdens of parental care overwhelming. Aged mothers, while believing that daughters were well-suited to the task, often regretted the demands placed upon younger women. Resulting anxiety could manifest itself in both generations. Clearly, the contemporary dilemma involving the peculiarly feminine nature of filial duty has long roots. Now, as then, the growing bonds between different generations of women offer both explanation and hope for future resolution to the problems accompanying filial duty.

scholarly journals Transcending the “Black Raven”: An Autoethnographic and Intergenerational Exploration of Stalinist Oppression

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-73
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Krahn
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Intergenerational Effects ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Community Systems

Many of Canada’s aging immigrants were displaced persons in Europe post-WWII and have internalized psychological effects of their traumatic past within a society that tends to marginalize or pathologize them. While early collective trauma literature focuses on individualized, psychotherapeutic approaches, more recent literature demonstrates the importance of externalizing and contextualizing trauma and fostering validating dialogue within families and community systems to facilitate transformation on many levels. My research is an autoethnographic exploration of lifespan and intergenerational effects of trauma perceived by Russian Mennonite women who fled Stalinist Russia to Germany during WWII and migrated to Winnipeg, Canada, and adult sons or daughters of this  generation of women. Sixteen individual life narratives, including my own, generated a collective narrative for each generation. Most participants lost male family members during Stalin’s Great Terror, verschleppt, or disappeared in a vehicle dubbed the Black Raven. Survivors tended to privilege stories of resilience – marginalizing emotions and mental weakness. The signature story of many adult children involved their mother’s resilience, suppressed psychological issues, and emotional unavailability. Results underline the importance of narrative exchange that validates marginalized storylines and promotes individual, intergenerational, and cultural story reconstruction within safe social and/or professional environments, thus supporting healthy attachments.

scholarly journals Decomposing the Intergenerational Disparity in Income and Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Buhong Zheng ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Two Generations

Abstract Intergenerational disparity in income and health violates the norm of equal opportunity and deserves the attention of researchers and policy makers. To understand changes in intergenerational disparity, we created the intergenerational mobility index (IMI), which can simultaneously measure changes in income rankings and in health outcomes across two generations. We selected obesity as one health outcome to illustrate the application of IMI due to its severe health and financial consequences for society and the significant changes in the distribution of obesity across income groups. Although obesity has increased in all income groups in the last four decades, higher income groups have tended to have a faster increase in obesity, which has reduced the disparity in obesity across income groups. The strength of our intergenerational approach within families is to control the genetic influence, which is one of the strongest determinants of obesity. The decomposition of the IMI illustrates that it captures changes in obesity distribution (holding constant income rankings between generations) and changes in income rankings (holding constant the obesity distribution across generations), simultaneously. We used the data of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), which have been collected since 1967, is the longest longitudinal survey in the U.S. The PSID surveyed respondents’ height and weight were recorded in 1986 and from 1999 to 2007. We selected respondents from 1986 as the parental generation and respondents from 2007 as the adult children’s generation. To make the adult children’s body weight status and income comparable to their parents’, we stratified the analysis by gender. For the pairs of fathers and adult sons, we found the intergenerational disparity in overweight, a less severe indicator of excessive fatness, across income was decreasing. This was partially due to the up-swing in the adult children’s income status. For the pairs of mothers and adult daughters, we found a similar decrease in socioeconomic disparity in obesity. However, decomposition of the IMI indicated that changes in income distributions between mothers and adult daughters contributed smaller effects than that between fathers and adult sons. Our study has demonstrated that the IMI and its decomposition are useful tools for analyzing intergenerational disparity in income and health.

scholarly journals Gendered division of labor during a nationwide COVID-19 lockdown: Implications for relationship problems and satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199647
Author(s):  
Nina Waddell ◽  
Nickola C. Overall ◽  
Valerie T. Chang ◽  
Matthew D. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Personal Time ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Paid Labor

COVID-19 lockdowns have required many working parents to balance domestic and paid labor while confined at home. Are women and men equally sharing the workload? Are inequities in the division of labor compromising relationships? Leveraging a pre-pandemic longitudinal study of couples with young children, we examine gender differences in the division and impact of domestic and paid labor during a nationwide COVID-19 lockdown ( N = 157 dyads). Women did more of the parenting and housework, whereas men engaged in more paid work and personal time, during the lockdown. Couple members agreed that women’s share of parenting, housework and personal time was unfair, but this did not protect women from the detrimental relationship outcomes associated with an inequitable share of domestic labor. A greater, and more unfair, share of parenting, housework and personal time predicted residual increases in relationship problems and decreases in relationship satisfaction for women. Exploratory analyses indicated that men who were the primary caregiver or were not working fulltime also experienced negative relationship outcomes when they did more housework and parenting. These results substantiate concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may undermine advances toward gender equality by reinforcing inequitable divisions of labor, thereby damaging women’s relationship wellbeing.

scholarly journals Parental and Adult Attachment and Eating Symptomology in Eating Disorder Patients and Sine Morbo Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Dömötör Szalai ◽  
Edit Czeglédi M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Attachment can contribute to eating disorder symptomology through various paths, including emotion regulation. However, the relationship between parental and adult attachment and emotional eating and other eating disorder symptoms have been barely investigated on comparative samples. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based online survey aimed to assess the relationship between parental and adult attachment qualities with the eating behavior severity, emotional eating, and the level of depression in 67 female anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder patients, compared to 67 female sine morbo individuals. Eating disorder patients less frequently had secure attachment, and were more often fearful or preoccupied than sine morbo individuals. In sine morbo individuals lower adult attachment security, but in patients, lower parental care was related to eating disorder symptoms. In sine morbo individuals, higher preoccupation, but in patients, higher fearfulness and lower care was related to emotional eating. Lower attachment security (OR = 0.54), younger age (OR = 0.93) and higher depression (OR = 1.04) explained 36.6% of the variance of diagnosed eating disorders. A complex interplay could be highlighted between dysfunctional attachment dimensions and eating symptomology in both groups—but with different patterns. Perceived parental care may be influential for eating disorder patients, whilst the degree of adult attachment security can be influential for sine morbo individuals. Lower attachment security was a predictor of eating disorders, which suggests the protective value of enhancing attachment security. However, further attachment-based interventions are required.

Competition To Carry Infants in Captive Families of Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus Oedipus)

Behaviour ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eluned C. Price
Keyword(s):  
Infant Care ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Saguinus Oedipus ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Communal Rearing

AbstractThe Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins) typically produce twins, and have communal rearing systems in which all group members help care for the infants. It has been hypothesised that helpers benefit in some way from assisting in infant care. If so, then competition to carry infants would be predicted. This was tested in a study of 14 litters of captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). All occurrences of infant transfers (movements of infants from one caretaker to another) were recorded from birth to 12 weeks. Individuals in larger groups were less likely to reject infants, more likely to actively take infants, more likely to resist attempts by others to take, and more likely to intervene in transfers, suggesting increased competition to carry in large groups. Singletons were rejected less than twin infants, again suggesting the existence of competition amongst caretakers. Mothers rejected infants more frequently than fathers; young tamarins rejected infants more than older tamarins. There was evidence that carrying by juvenile siblings and by adult daughters was limited by other group members. There was evidence that adult sons and sub-adult sons and daughters competed most strongly, and were more likely to attempt to limit carrying by other group members. These results were interpreted in the light of hypotheses suggesting that the benefits to be gained from helping may differ amongst age-sex classes.

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