scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORKS AND WHITE MATTER DISEASE ON MOBILITY OF OLDER ADULTS IN AN EXERCISE INTERVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S851-S852
Author(s):  
Blake R Neyland ◽  
Robert Kraft ◽  
Mary Lyles ◽  
Stephen Kritchevsky ◽  
Paul J Laurienti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
White Matter Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Abstract Declining mobility is associated with increased accumulation of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, a high WMH burden is not always accompanied by impaired mobility. Our previous work demonstrates that some variance in mobility may be explained by brain network connectivity. Here, we extended this work by measuring WMHs and brain networks in older adults participating in a lifestyle intervention. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were collected before and after a 5-month caloric restriction plus aerobic exercise intervention in 57 obese, sedentary adults aged 65-78. Participants were categorized based on median splits of baseline SPPB scores and WMH burden: Expected Healthy (EH: low WMH, SPPB≥11, n=16), Expected Impaired (EI: high WMH, SPPB≤10, n=17), Unexpected Healthy (UH: high WMH, SPPB≥11, n=12), and Unexpected Impaired (UI: low WMH, SPPB≤10, n=12). Graph theory-based methods were used to characterize brain networks and compare the four groups. At baseline, the somatomotor cortex community structure (SMC-CS) was less consistent in EI (p=0.05) and UI (p=0.23) compared to EH. The EI (mean=1.25, p=0.003) and UI (mean=1.57, p=0.001) significantly improved their SPPB scores following the intervention. Although both groups had equivalent SPPB scores, SMC-CS was less consistent in the UH than EH (p=0.16). However, UH displayed a significant (p=0.004) increase in second-order connections to the precuneus compared to EH. These data suggest that studying brain networks could improve the understanding of the development of mobility disability and the CNS contributions to mobility independent of white matter disease.

scholarly journals Brain Resilience: The Effect of White Matter Disease on Brain Networks in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 918-918
Author(s):  
Blake Neyland ◽  
Christina Hugenschmidt ◽  
Samuel Lockhart ◽  
Laura Baker ◽  
Suzanne Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Mobility Function ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Resilience

Abstract Brain pathologies are increasingly understood to confer mobility risk, but the malleability of functional brain networks may be a mechanism for mobility reserve. In particular, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are strongly associated with mobility and alter functional network connectivity. To assess the potential role of brain networks as a mechanism of mobility reserve, 116 participants with MRI from the Brain Networks and Mobility Function (B-NET) were categorized into 4 groups based on median splits of SPPB scores and WMH burden: Expected Healthy (EH: low WMH, SPPB>10, N=45), Expected Impaired (EI: high WMH, SPPB10, N=24), Unexpected Impaired (EI: low WMH, SPPB<10, N=10) and Unexpected Unhealthy (UH: low WMH, SPPB<10, N=37). Functional brain networks were calculated using graph theory methods and white matter hyperintensities were quantified with the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox (LST) in SPM12. Somatomotor cortex community structure (SMC-CS) was similar between UH and EH with both having higher consistency than EI and UI. However, UH displayed a unique increase in second-order connections between the motor cortex and the anterior cingulate. It is possible that this increase in connections is a signal of higher reserve or resilience in UH participants and may indicate a mechanism of compensation in regards to mobility function and advanced WMH burden. These data suggest functional brain networks may be a mechanism for mobility resilience in older adults at mobility risk due to WMH burden.

scholarly journals Effects of a Motor Imagery Task on Functional Brain Network Community Structure in Older Adults: Data from the Brain Networks and Mobility Function (B-NET) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Blake R. Neyland ◽  
Christina E. Hugenschmidt ◽  
Robert G. Lyday ◽  
Jonathan H. Burdette ◽  
Laura D. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Network Community ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Brain

Elucidating the neural correlates of mobility is critical given the increasing population of older adults and age-associated mobility disability. In the current study, we applied graph theory to cross-sectional data to characterize functional brain networks generated from functional magnetic resonance imaging data both at rest and during a motor imagery (MI) task. Our MI task is derived from the Mobility Assessment Tool–short form (MAT-sf), which predicts performance on a 400 m walk, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Participants (n = 157) were from the Brain Networks and Mobility (B-NET) Study (mean age = 76.1 ± 4.3; % female = 55.4; % African American = 8.3; mean years of education = 15.7 ± 2.5). We used community structure analyses to partition functional brain networks into communities, or subnetworks, of highly interconnected regions. Global brain network community structure decreased during the MI task when compared to the resting state. We also examined the community structure of the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and the dorsal attention network (DAN) across the study population. The DMN and SMN exhibited a task-driven decline in consistency across the group when comparing the MI task to the resting state. The DAN, however, displayed an increase in consistency during the MI task. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use graph theory and network community structure to characterize the effects of a MI task, such as the MAT-sf, on overall brain network organization in older adults.

scholarly journals Associations between amyloid‐β, white matter disease, functional brain networks, and mobility function: Possible indicators of reserve and resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake R. Neyland ◽  
Christina E. Hugenschmidt ◽  
Samuel N. Lockhart ◽  
Stephanie Okonmah‐Obazee ◽  
Kiran Solingapuram Sai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
White Matter Disease ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Mobility Function ◽  
Functional Brain Networks

scholarly journals Advanced Meditation Alters Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity Correlating With Improved Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramana V. Vishnubhotla ◽  
Rupa Radhakrishnan ◽  
Kestas Kveraga ◽  
Rachael Deardorff ◽  
Chithra Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive 8-day Samyama meditation program on the brain functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).Methods: Thirteen Samyama program participants (meditators) and 4 controls underwent fMRI brain scans before and after the 8-day residential meditation program. Subjects underwent fMRI with a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast at rest and during focused breathing. Changes in network connectivity before and after Samyama program were evaluated. In addition, validated psychological metrics were correlated with changes in functional connectivity.Results: Meditators showed significantly increased network connectivity between the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) after the Samyama program (p < 0.01). Increased connectivity within the SN correlated with an improvement in self-reported mindfulness scores (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Samyama, an intensive silent meditation program, favorably increased the resting-state functional connectivity between the salience and default mode networks. During focused breath watching, meditators had lower intra-network connectivity in specific networks. Furthermore, increased intra-network connectivity correlated with improved self-reported mindfulness after Samyama.Clinical Trials Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov], Identifier: [NCT04366544]. Registered on 4/17/2020.

scholarly journals Six-Month Lower-Leg Sensory Stimulation Augments Neural Network Connectivity Associated With Improved Gait

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 960-961
Author(s):  
Chun Liang Hsu ◽  
Ikechukwu Iloputaife ◽  
Lars Oddsson ◽  
Brad Manor ◽  
Lewis Lipsitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Abstract Foot sole somatosensory impairment associated with peripheral neuropathy (PN) is prevalent and a strong independent risk factor for gait disturbance and falls in older adults. A lower-limb sensory prosthesis providing afferent input related to foot sole pressure distributions via lower-leg vibrotactile stimulation has been demonstrated to improve gait in people with PN. The effects of this device on brain function related to motor control, however, remains equivocal. This study aimed to explore changes in brain network connectivity after six months of daily use of the prosthesis among individuals with diagnosed PN and balance problems. Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were completed before and after the intervention. Preliminary analysis on participants who have completed the study to date (N=5; mean age 76 years) indicated altered connectivity of the sensorimotor network (SMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and the default mode network (DMN) post-intervention (Z>3.11, unadjusted p<0.05). Participants displayed an average improvement of 5.5 point in the FGA (Minimal Clinically Important Differences>4 for community-dwelling older adults) that was correlated with connectivity changes (unadjusted p<0.05). Specifically, improved FGA was associated with: 1) increased connectivity between the SMN, cerebellum, and occipital cortex; 2) increased connectivity between the FPN, cerebellum, calcarine and intracalcarine; and 3) decreased connectivity between DMN and intracalcarine. These early findings suggest that long-term use of a lower-limb sensory prosthesis may induce neuroplastic changes in brain network connectivity reflecting enhanced bottom-up sensory-attentional processing and suppression of the DMN that are relevant to gait improvements among older adults with PN.

scholarly journals F37. CACNA1C HYPOFUNCTION IN KETAMINE-ACTIVATED BRAIN NETWORKS IMPAIRS MEMORY CONSOLIDATION AND FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S233-S233
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hughes ◽  
Cosima Willi ◽  
Jayde Whittingham-Dowd ◽  
Susan Broughton ◽  
Greg Bristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

scholarly journals Scaling principles of white matter brain connectivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Jan Ardesch ◽  
Lianne H. Scholtens ◽  
Siemon C. de Lange ◽  
Lea Roumazeilles ◽  
Alexandre A. Khrapitchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Circuitry

Brains come in many shapes and sizes. Nature has endowed big-brained primate species like humans with a proportionally large cerebral cortex. White matter connectivity - the brain's infrastructure for long-range communication - might not always scale at the same pace as the cortex. We investigated the consequences of this allometric scaling for white matter brain network connectivity. Structural T1 and diffusion MRI data were collated across fourteen primate species, describing a comprehensive 350-fold range in brain volume. We report volumetric scaling relationships that point towards a restriction in macroscale connectivity in larger brains. Building on previous findings, we show cortical surface to outpace white matter volume and the corpus callosum, suggesting the emergence of a white matter 'bottleneck' of lower levels of connectedness through the corpus callosum in larger brains. At the network level, we find a potential consequence of this bottleneck in shaping connectivity patterns, with homologous regions in the left and right hemisphere showing more divergent connectivity in larger brains. Our findings show conserved scaling relationships of major brain components and their consequence for macroscale brain circuitry, providing a comparative framework for expected connectivity architecture in larger brains such as the human brain.

Interacting Brain Networks Underlying Creative Cognition and Artistic Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Beaty ◽  
Rex E. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Brain Networks ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Cognitive neuroscience research has begun to address the potential interaction of brain networks supporting creativity by employing new methods in brain network science. Network methods offer a significant advance compared to individual region of interest studies due to their ability to account for the complex and dynamic interactions among discrete brain regions. As this chapter demonstrates, several recent studies have reported a remarkably similar pattern of brain network connectivity across a range of creative tasks and domains. In general, such work suggests that creative thought may involve dynamic interactions, primarily between the default and control networks, providing key insights into the roles of spontaneous and controlled processes in creative cognition. The chapter summarizes this emerging body of research and proposes a framework designed to account for the joint influence of controlled and spontaneous thought processes in creativity.

scholarly journals Music-Based Intervention Connects Auditory and Reward Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Quinci ◽  
Alexander Belden ◽  
Valerie Goutama ◽  
Dayang Gong ◽  
Suzanne Hanser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity ◽  
Parametric Effects ◽  
Listening Task

Listening to pleasurable music is known to engage the brain's reward system, but little is known about how this engagement develops over time. Here we show for the first time that brain network connectivity can change longitudinally as a result of a personalized receptive music-based intervention (MBI) in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Using a combination of whole-brain regression, seed-based connectivity analysis, and representational similarity analysis (RSA), we compared fMRI responses during a simple music listening task in older adults before and after an eight-week personalized music listening program. Participants rated self-selected and researcher-selected musical excerpts on liking and familiarity. Parametric effects of liking, familiarity, and selection showed significant activation of auditory, reward, default mode, and sensorimotor areas both pre- and post-intervention. Seed-based connectivity comparing pre- and post-intervention showed a significant increase in functional connectivity between auditory regions and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and this auditory-mPFC connectivity was modulated by participant liking and familiarity ratings. RSA showed significant representations of selection and novelty in auditory regions at both time-points, and an increase in striatal representation of musical stimuli following intervention. Taken together, results show a sensitivity of auditory, reward, default, and sensorimotor regions to individual differences in music familiarity and liking, as well as a shift in brain network dynamics following the personalized MBI. Results show how regular music listening can provide an auditory channel towards the mPFC, thus offering a potential neural mechanism supporting healthy brain aging.

Sex Differences in the Associations Between Symptom Severity, Social Cognition, and Social Brain Network Connectivity in Alcohol Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Waters ◽  
Sergey Chernyak ◽  
Amy Janes ◽  
William Killgore ◽  
Shelly Greenfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Background and Aims: Large-scale neurocognitive brain networks are necessary to coordinate social cognition. Regions of prefrontal cortex that are key nodes in these networks are highly vulnerable to alcohol neurotoxicity, which may link poor social function and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, there is very little research on how brain networks associated with social cognition are affected by AUD, and no studies of how these effects may differ between men and women. The current study aims to address this gap by examining the interaction between sex and AUD on the connectivity between brain networks implicated in social cognition.Methods: Matched groups of men and women with and without AUD (N=156; N=39/group) were selected from the Human Connectome Project. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were used to compute functional connectivity between prefrontal networks, including default mode sub-networks (anterior dorsomedial: aDMN, ventromedial: vmDMN, temporal lobe: tDMN, and posterior DMN: pDMN), and central executive, dorsal attention, ventral attention, salience, and striatal networks. Between-network connectivity was assessed for interactions between sex, AUD diagnosis and symptom severity, and a measure of composite social cognition using non-parametric permutation testing, corrected for number of network pairs tested (Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, p<0.05 corrected). Results: Connectivity between aDMN–tDMN (AUDcontrols, pcor=.030) differed between groups. An interaction between sex and AUD symptom severity was significantly associated with aDMN–VAN (pcor= .032) connectivity. Social cognition scores were associated with aDMN–vmDMN connectivity (pcor=.003), with the relationship being moderated by sex, AUD-status, and symptom severity. Conclusions: This study addresses a critical gap in the literature on how brain network connectivity that underpins social cognition may be impaired in men and women with AUD. Our findings show that vulnerabilities emerge in men and women even at mild symptom severity and that there are significant sex differences, suggesting sex-specific treatment considerations are warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document