scholarly journals MULTIMORBIDITY RESILIENCE IN COMMUNITY-RESIDING OLDER ADULTS: MEASUREMENT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S923-S923
Author(s):  
Yingzhi Xu ◽  
Eleanor McConnell ◽  
Tingzhong (Michelle) Xue ◽  
Kirsten Corazzini
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Multimorbidity is widespread, costly, and associated with a range of deleterious outcomes; it affects an estimated 67-80% of older adults. This study tests the validity of a multimorbidity resilience index developed in a Canadian sample of older adults by Wister et al., (2018), with a U.S.-based sample, using National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) data, and draws upon the index to investigate the effects of resilience on outcomes over time. We mapped Wister et al.’s (2018) index to NSHAP measures, and assessed cross-sectional associations with health outcomes, using logistic regression. To assess the effects of resilience on health outcomes over time, we estimated mixed models of the relationships between resilience on outcomes over a 5-year interval. Total resilience was consistently associated with improved outcomes, including pain level (OR=.51, CI .41-.64); reduced utilization (OR=.45, CI .33-.60); improved mental health (OR=9.13, CI 6.20-13.44); self-rated physical health (OR=6.97, CI 4.76 10.19); and sleep quality (OR=3.66, CI 2.76-4.86). Longitudinal model results indicate change in multimorbidity resilience and number of chronic diseases predict (α=.001) pain level and self-rated physical health. Effects were moderated by socio-demographic factors. Our findings validate Wister et al.’s (2018) resilience index in a U.S. sample, supporting the importance of this measure to capture core components of older adults’ capacity to sustain well-being in the context of living with multiple, chronic conditions. Results from the longitudinal models provide beginning insights into the effects of resilience on symptom experience and perceived health over time, highlighting potential levers for change.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Multimorbidity Resilience and Health Outcomes Over Time in Community-Residing Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
Yingzhi Xu ◽  
Zahra Rahmaty ◽  
Eleanor McConnell ◽  
Tingzhong (Michelle) Xue ◽  
Bada Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Multimorbidity resilience may mitigate the adverse effects of multiple chronic diseases on older adults’ health. Wister et al.’s (2018) multimorbidity resilience index was developed and tested in a cross-sectional sample of older adults in Canada. Building on these findings, we examined the reciprocal relationships of resilience on outcomes to test these potentially mitigating effects in a community-based, U.S. sample of older adults over time. The study sample includes 1,054 older adults from waves 2 and 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) study (Waite et al 2020). Wister et al.’s (2018) index was mapped to NSHAP measures, and reciprocal relationships of multimorbidity resilience and health outcomes over a 5-year period was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated significant effects of multimorbidity resilience on self-rated physical health and pain. Interestingly, a better functional resilience at baseline conferred better self-rated physical health at follow-up, while better psychological resilience predicted lower pain level. By contrast, the influence of health outcomes on any domain of multimorbidity resilience was not detectable at all, supporting the direction of these associations from resilience to outcomes. The study systematically investigated the dynamic hypotheses between multimorbidity resilience and health outcomes. That is, whether they are determinants or consequences, or both. Our findings suggest multimorbidity resilience predicts subsequent 5-year change in health outcomes, especially self-rated physical health and pain level, but not vice versa, strengthening the evidence of the importance of resilience in the health of older adults.

scholarly journals Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Lee ◽  
Tushara Govind ◽  
Marina Ramsey ◽  
Tsung Chin Wu ◽  
Rebecca Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of compassion in promoting health and well-being, with cross-sectional data showing an inverse correlation with loneliness. This is the first longitudinal study examining both compassion toward others (CTO) and compassion toward self (CTS) as predictors of mental and physical health outcomes including loneliness, across adult lifespan. We followed 552 women and 538 men in San Diego County for up to 7.5 (mean 4.8 and SD 2.2) years, using validated rating scales for CTO, CTS, and loneliness. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine age- and sex-related trajectories of CTO and CTS over time. Linear regression models were used to evaluate baseline and longitudinal relationships of CTO and CTS with mental well-being, physical well-being, and loneliness. CTS and CTO were weakly intercorrelated. Women had higher baseline CTO than men. While CTO was stable over time and across the lifespan, CTS scores had an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around age 77. There were significant baseline × slope interactions of both CTO and CTS predicting improvements in physical well-being in adults <60 years old. Increases in CTO and CTS predicted improvements in mental well-being. Higher baseline CTO and CTS as well as increases in CTO and CTS scores predicted lower loneliness scores at follow-up. Thus, CTO and CTS were associated with better mental well-being and loneliness across the adult lifespan, and physical well-being in younger adults, and are promising targets for interventions to improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of Late-Life Health Transitions on Spouses’ Psychological Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 297-298
Author(s):  
Ruixue Zhaoyang ◽  
Christina Marini ◽  
Lynn Martire
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Spousal Health ◽  
Health Transitions

Abstract Declining physical health likely affects not only older adults’ own well-being, but also that of their spouse. Using two waves of data from 610 couples in the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, we examined effects of health declines over five years on change in self and spousal psychological well-being. Actor-Partner Interdependence Model findings showed that declines in spouses’ physical health (i.e., increased pain and decreased physical and cognitive function) predicted increases in older adults’ anxiety. Given the increasing importance of later-life social ties outside of marriage, we further considered the role of non-spousal health confidants. Preliminary findings suggest that effects of health declines on both partners’ well-being depend on the availability of these confidants. When older adults have people in addition to their spouse with whom they can talk about their health, detrimental effects of spouses’ declining health on older adults’ well-being are weakened for some health outcomes

scholarly journals THE BURDEN OF ENGAGING IN VOLUNTEER ATTENUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S145-S146
Author(s):  
Yuta Nemoto ◽  
Ryota Sakurai ◽  
Masami Hasebe ◽  
Kumiko Nonaka ◽  
Hiroko Mtsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volunteer Activity ◽  
Volunteer Engagement

Abstract This study examined the interaction of participating in volunteer activity and its burden on health outcomes. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Of 8426 older adults aged 65 and over, 5232 individuals were included in the analyses (response rate: 62.1%). Health outcomes included self-rated health (SRH), mental health (The World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index: WHO-5), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence: TMIG-IC) as dependent variables. Independent variables included engagement in volunteer activity and its burden. These variables were combined and classified into three groups: non-participants; participants with burden; and participants without burden. Covariates included age, gender, educational attainments, economic status, and living arrangement. Logistic regression analysis and analysis of covariates were conducted to examine the interaction of volunteer activity and its burden on health outcomes. Of 5232 older adults, 76.3% of subjects were non-participants, 3.4% were participants with burden, and 20.3% were participants without burden. Multivariate analysis showed that non-participants were more likely to have poor health outcomes compared with participants with burden. Moreover, participants without burden were more likely to have better health outcomes (SRH: Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.70 to 2.17, WHO-5: OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.51 to 1.88, TMIG-IC: Coefficient = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.62). Our findings suggest that volunteer activity is related to better health regardless of their burden. However, burden of volunteer engagement might attenuate the relationships between volunteer activity and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Well-Being Associated With Activity of Daily Living Stages Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141770001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Na ◽  
Joel E. Streim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Latent Factor Models

Objectives: Activity of daily living (ADL) stages demonstrated ordered associations with risk of chronic conditions, hospitalization, nursing home use, and mortality among community-living elderly. This article explores the association of stages with psychosocial well-being. We hypothesized that higher ADL stages (greater ADL limitation) are associated with more restricted social networks, less perceived social support, greater social isolation, and poorer mental health. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 3,002) were analyzed in regression models and latent factor models. Results: Although ADL stages had a nearly monotonic relationship with most mental health measures (e.g., Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), only the complete limitation stage (Stage IV) showed significant disadvantage in the majority of social network measures. Discussion: The study may aid clinicians and policy makers to better understand the social and mental health needs of older adults at different ADL stages and provide well-planned social and mental health care.

scholarly journals Loving Others: The Impact of Compassionate Love on Later-Life Psychological Well-being

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kahana ◽  
Tirth R Bhatta ◽  
Boaz Kahana ◽  
Nirmala Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Compassionate Love ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Existing scholarship in social gerontology has paid relatively little attention to broader loving emotions, such as compassionate and altruistic love, as potentially meaningful mechanisms for improving later-life psychological well-being outside a family framework. Method Drawing from a 3-wave longitudinal survey of community-dwelling older residents (n = 334) of Miami, Florida, we utilized generalized estimating equation models to examine the influence of changes in compassionate love (i.e., feeling love toward other persons and experiencing love from others) on depressive symptoms over time. We also explored cross-sectional relationship between compassionate love and positive and negative affects. Results An increase in the feeling of being loved (β = −0.77, p &lt; .001) and feeling love for others (β = −0.78, p &lt; .001) led to a decline in odds of reporting greater levels of depressive symptoms over time. The odds of reporting higher level of positive affect were significantly greater for older adults who reported feeling loved by others (β = .63, p &lt; .001) and expressed love for other people (β = 0.43, p &lt; .05). Older adults who felt loved and expressed love for other people, respectively, had 0.71 and 0.54-point lower ordered log odds of reporting higher negative affect than those who reported lower levels of love. The statistically significant impact of feeling loved on all well-being outcomes was maintained even after adjustment for altruistic attitudes and emotional support. Except for depressive symptoms, such adjustments explained the positive influence of love for others on well-being outcomes. Discussion Our findings underscore the powerful influence of both receiving and giving loving emotions for the maintenance of later-life psychological well-being.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN OLDER ADULTS’ INFORMAL CARE NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S825-S825
Author(s):  
I-Fen Lin ◽  
Hsueh-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Network ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Many older adults rely on informal care networks to overcome challenges in life and maintain well-being. The composition and function of the informal care network may change as existing caregivers leave and new caregivers join the network over time. The majority of prior studies on caregiving to older adults are based on cross-sectional data and thus cannot examine changes in older adults’ informal care networks. Although some have followed older adults’ informal caregivers over time, they usually focus on primary caregivers, rather than the entire informal care network longitudinally. The newly available panel data on a nationally representative sample of caregivers from the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) provide an excellent opportunity for researchers to understand how older adults’ informal care networks change over time and what factors relate to discontinuation of care. Using the NSOC 2015 and 2017, we found that 70% of older adults (N = 1,395) experienced changed in informal care networks within two years. Only a small portion of spouses (6%) discontinued giving care to older adults, whereas 21% adult children, 56% other kin, and 77% nonkin stopped caregiving by 2017. We further examined how older adults’ needs for support, caregivers’ resources and constraints, and caregiving experiences were associated with discontinuation of care. This study is expected to advance gerontological research by broadening our understanding of informal caregiving in late life and providing practical implications on how to sustain informal care.

scholarly journals SUBJECTIVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT AND LONELINESS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S532-S532
Author(s):  
Alison Huang ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
George W Rebok ◽  
Jay Pinto ◽  
Linda J Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Loneliness in older adults is most often attributed to marital and living status, social life factors, and physical health. Hearing impairment, however, is an understudied, potentially modifiable risk factor for loneliness. Older adults with hearing impairment experience difficulties with communication and social functioning, which also could contribute to loneliness. For this analysis, we used data from Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Participants (N=3,174) were a nationally representative sample of community dwelling older adults aged 62 - 91 years. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to model the cross-sectional relationship between self-reported hearing impairment and loneliness. We found a dose-response relationship such that individuals reporting very good/good and fair/poor hearing had a 9% [95% CI: 0.93 - 1.28] and 26% [95% CI: 1.10-1.46], respectively, higher prevalence of loneliness compared to individuals reporting excellent hearing, adjusting for chronic conditions, functional and cognitive ability, and demographic factors. Results were robust to exclusion of participants who reported hearing aid use. These findings suggest that self-reported hearing impairment is a strong factor associated with loneliness in older adults. Given the negative implications of loneliness on multiple facets of mental and physical health, functional ability, and premature mortality, efforts to further explore hearing impairment as a causal and modifiable risk factor for loneliness should be undertaken.

scholarly journals DETERIORATING HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS AND CORTISOL: LONGITUDINAL EVIDENCE FROM THE MIDUS STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S255-S256
Author(s):  
Julie Ober Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Various mental and physical health conditions common among older adults have been linked to cortisol dysregulation (i.e., blunting of daily cortisol patterns) in predominantly cross-sectional studies. Researchers have suggested that cortisol dysregulation interferes with regulatory functions throughout the body and brain, disrupting multiple biological systems, and contributing to the development or progression of negative health outcomes over time. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the causal direction of cortisol dysregulation and poor health outcomes. This study examined whether diurnal cortisol patterns predicted subsequent health deterioration using longitudinal data from the National Survey of Midlife in the US (MIDUS). Analysis was restricted to 1,336 participants who provided salivary cortisol (4 samples/day for 4 days) and health data in MIDUS II (2004-2009) and updated health data in MIDUS III (2013-2014) (mean age=56, 45% male, 94% White). We simultaneous modeled multiple measures of diurnal cortisol patterns and their relationships to changes in mental (depressive symptomology) and physical (self-rated physical health, functional limitations, and number of new chronic health conditions) health from MIDUS II to III. All indicators of physical health deterioration were associated with cortisol, though not all measures demonstrated relationships in the expected direction. Mental health change over time was unrelated to cortisol. Older age was also associated with increased functional limitations and more new chronic conditions but improvements in mental health over time. Findings suggest that diurnal cortisol patterns contribute to physical health deterioration over time, independent of age-related decline, but not mental health changes in later life.

Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Smart Richman ◽  
Elizabeth A. Pascoe ◽  
Micah Lattanner
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interpersonal Discrimination ◽  
Measurement Practices

Interpersonal discrimination contributes to health inequalities for disadvantaged groups across numerous stigmatized identities. This effect has been found using cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. Interpersonal discrimination has been associated with poor health across a wide range of mental health outcomes, including greater rates of depression, psychological distress, anxiety, and negative well-being, and also physical health outcomes such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, self-reported ill health, low birth weight, and cardiovascular disease. This chapter examines the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and health. It first reviews the literature, focusing on current best measurement practices, and then provides support for the theoretical model of the pathways by which interpersonal discrimination impacts health outcomes. The chapter then presents an updated meta-analysis that further supports the model and expands on types of discrimination and outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.

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