Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Smart Richman ◽  
Elizabeth A. Pascoe ◽  
Micah Lattanner
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interpersonal Discrimination ◽  
Measurement Practices

Interpersonal discrimination contributes to health inequalities for disadvantaged groups across numerous stigmatized identities. This effect has been found using cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. Interpersonal discrimination has been associated with poor health across a wide range of mental health outcomes, including greater rates of depression, psychological distress, anxiety, and negative well-being, and also physical health outcomes such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, self-reported ill health, low birth weight, and cardiovascular disease. This chapter examines the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and health. It first reviews the literature, focusing on current best measurement practices, and then provides support for the theoretical model of the pathways by which interpersonal discrimination impacts health outcomes. The chapter then presents an updated meta-analysis that further supports the model and expands on types of discrimination and outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.

scholarly journals Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and well-being for children and youth: a protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043722
Author(s):  
Naomi Priest ◽  
Kate Doery ◽  
Mandy Truong ◽  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Ryan Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Health And Well Being

IntroductionRacism is a critical determinant of health and health inequities for children and youth. This protocol aims to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al (2013), including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and youth health will be negatively impacted by racism. Findings from this review will provide updated evidence of effect sizes across outcomes and identify moderators and mediators of relationships between racism and health.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will include studies that examine associations between experiences of racism and racial discrimination with health outcomes of children and youth aged 0–24 years. Exposure measures include self-reported or proxy reported systemic, interpersonal and intrapersonal racism. Outcome measures include general health and well-being, physical health, mental health, biological markers, healthcare utilisation and health behaviours. A comprehensive search of studies from the earliest time available to October 2020 will be conducted. A random effects meta-analysis will examine the average effect of racism on a range of health outcomes. Study-level moderation will test the difference in effect sizes with regard to various sample and exposure characteristics. This review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.Ethics and disseminationThis review will provide evidence for future research within the field and help to support policy and practice development. Results will be widely disseminated to both academic and non-academic audiences through peer-review publications, community summaries and presentations to research, policy, practice and community audiences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184055.

The impact of gardening on nutrition and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watinee Kunpeuk ◽  
William Spence ◽  
Sirinya Phulkerd ◽  
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat ◽  
Siriwan Pitayarangsarit
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Community gardening has been widely recognized as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between community gardening and nutrition and physical health among adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. Quality of included studies was appraised by several quality assessment tools related to the study design of each included article. Evidence from 19 articles was included (14 cross-sectional studies, 4 quasi-experimental studies and 1 case–control study). Although the majority of included studies appeared to have moderate quality, there existed weaknesses in the methods used, including low response rate and lack of confounder controls. Due to diversity in the measurement units, only body mass index (BMI) data could be pooled to perform meta-analysis. The results suggest that gardening had a significantly positive effect on BMI reduction. Subgroup analysis showed that quasi-experimental and case–control studies produced greater pooled effect size than those of cross-sectional design. Funnel plot and Egger’s test showed no significant evidence of publication bias. As robust evidence for the effect of community gardening on BMI reduction was found, this intervention should be integrated in health promoting policy to improve population health.

Childlessness and Health Among Older Adults: Variation Across Five Outcomes and 20 Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekehia T Quashie ◽  
Bruno Arpino ◽  
Radoslaw Antczak ◽  
Christine A Mair
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Policy ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives No previous study to the best of our knowledge has examined the association between childlessness and health using a wide range of countries and health outcomes. This study improves previous literature by examining the relationship between “childlessness” (1 = childless for any reason, 0 = parent of biological, step, or adopted child) and health across 20 countries and five health outcomes. Methods Drawing on cross-sectional harmonized data from the family of Health and Retirement Surveys across the United States (HRS, Wave 11), Europe (SHARE, Waves 4 and 5), Mexico (MHAS, Wave 3), and China (CHARLS, Wave 2), we use logistic regression models to estimate the association between childlessness and poor health (poor self-rated health, 1 or more ADL limitations, 1 or more IADL limitations, 1 or more chronic conditions, and depression) in a sample of adults aged 50 and older across 20 countries (N = 109,648). Results Our results point to an absence of associations between childlessness and health, and suggest that childlessness may be associated with better (e.g., Mexico, Hungary) or worse health (e.g., Austria, Estonia, Netherlands, Poland) in certain contexts and for certain measures. Discussion We discuss these findings in light of the meaning of childlessness, as well as cross-national economic, social, and cultural contexts to provide suggestions for aging policy and future research.

scholarly journals MULTIMORBIDITY RESILIENCE IN COMMUNITY-RESIDING OLDER ADULTS: MEASUREMENT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S923-S923
Author(s):  
Yingzhi Xu ◽  
Eleanor McConnell ◽  
Tingzhong (Michelle) Xue ◽  
Kirsten Corazzini
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Multimorbidity is widespread, costly, and associated with a range of deleterious outcomes; it affects an estimated 67-80% of older adults. This study tests the validity of a multimorbidity resilience index developed in a Canadian sample of older adults by Wister et al., (2018), with a U.S.-based sample, using National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) data, and draws upon the index to investigate the effects of resilience on outcomes over time. We mapped Wister et al.’s (2018) index to NSHAP measures, and assessed cross-sectional associations with health outcomes, using logistic regression. To assess the effects of resilience on health outcomes over time, we estimated mixed models of the relationships between resilience on outcomes over a 5-year interval. Total resilience was consistently associated with improved outcomes, including pain level (OR=.51, CI .41-.64); reduced utilization (OR=.45, CI .33-.60); improved mental health (OR=9.13, CI 6.20-13.44); self-rated physical health (OR=6.97, CI 4.76 10.19); and sleep quality (OR=3.66, CI 2.76-4.86). Longitudinal model results indicate change in multimorbidity resilience and number of chronic diseases predict (α=.001) pain level and self-rated physical health. Effects were moderated by socio-demographic factors. Our findings validate Wister et al.’s (2018) resilience index in a U.S. sample, supporting the importance of this measure to capture core components of older adults’ capacity to sustain well-being in the context of living with multiple, chronic conditions. Results from the longitudinal models provide beginning insights into the effects of resilience on symptom experience and perceived health over time, highlighting potential levers for change.

scholarly journals Health outcomes, healthcare use and development in children born into or growing up in single-parent households: a systematic review study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043361
Author(s):  
Irina Lut ◽  
Jenny Woodman ◽  
Alice Armitage ◽  
Elizabeth Ingram ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Parental Engagement ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Development Outcomes

IntroductionUp to a quarter of all children globally live in single-parent households. Studies have concluded that children who grow up with continuously married parents have better health outcomes than children who grow up with single or separated parents. This is consistent for key health and development outcomes including physical health, psychological well-being and educational attainment. Possible explanations include higher poverty and time limitations of parental engagement within single-parent families, but these only represent a narrow range of mechanisms. We aim to identify and synthesise the evidence on how being born into and/or living in a single-parent household compared with living in a two-parent household as a child impacts health and development outcomes, healthcare use and factors that may be driving differences.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed, Scopus and ERIC and adapt our search terms for search engines and grey literature sites to include relevant conference abstracts and grey literature. We will restrict results to English language publications from 2000 to 2020 and screen against inclusion criteria. We will categorise main outcomes into five groups of outcomes: birth outcomes, mortality, physical health, mental health and development, and healthcare use. We will use the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the methodological quality of studies. Narrative synthesis will form the primary analysis in the review. Synthesis of effect estimates without meta-analysis will follow the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.Ethics and disseminationAll documents used are publicly accessible. We will submit results to a peer-reviewed journal and international social science conferences. We will communicate results with single-parent groups and relevant charitable organisations. This review will also be included in IL’s PhD thesis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020197890.

scholarly journals Examining the Range and Scope of Artists’ Professional Practices With Individuals With Palliative Care Needs: An International, Cross-Sectional Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Baxley Lee ◽  
Sonja McIlfatrick ◽  
Lisa Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Palliative Care Needs

Background: Internationally, it is recognized that artists facilitate arts engagement with individuals with palliative care needs. There is a gap in the literature describing the range and scope of artists’ professional practices in palliative care. The aim of this study was to examine an international range of professional practices among artists who work in palliative care including key professionals’ perceptions of these practices.Methods: An international, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with health professionals, artists, and program coordinators with experience with artists working in palliative care. This survey was part of a larger mixed methods study. An instrument was systematically developed to examine artists’ professional practices. Descriptive statistics were reported for the total sample including frequencies, means and standard deviations and open-ended items were analyzed thematically.Results: 101 valid surveys were analyzed. Findings outlined: (1) who delivers the arts; (2) where and with whom; (3) practice descriptors; and (4) perceptions of practice. Themes identified from open-ended items on benefits and risks of practice revealed impacts on patients and artists alike, including: (1) enhanced well-being; (2) vulnerabilities; and (3) facilitators and barriers.Conclusion: Findings demonstrated a wide range of artists’ practices in palliative and end-of-life care, featuring notable consistencies in international practice worth further exploration. Ongoing and international efforts examining artists’ practices in palliative care contribute to the development of future research, policy and practice.

Physical Health Consequences of Interpersonal Trauma: A Systematic Review of the Role of Psychological Variables

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia E. López-Martínez ◽  
Elena R. Serrano-Ibáñez ◽  
Gema T. Ruiz-Párraga ◽  
Lydia Gómez-Pérez ◽  
Carmen Ramírez-Maestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
General Physical

Interpersonal forms of trauma are among the most commonly reported traumas. These types of traumas are more damaging to well-being than noninterpersonal forms. They have also been strongly associated with somatic symptoms and more general physical health problems. Nevertheless, the results of trauma studies are mixed and suggest that pathways may vary according to the stressors, mediators, and health outcomes investigated. This article presents a systematic qualitative review of published studies that have investigated interpersonal trauma, its association with physical health, and the potential role of intervening psychological variables. A systematic search was made of four psychology and health electronic databases. Of the 863 studies reviewed, 50 were preselected, 11 of which met the inclusion and methodological quality criteria. All but one study had a cross-sectional design. The findings showed that childhood trauma exposure was the most common category of interpersonal trauma addressed in the reviewed studies and that the physical health variables investigated were diverse. The psychological variables most frequently investigated in the studies were posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, dissociation, and substance abuse. Overall, the results suggest that interpersonal trauma exposure is associated with poorer physical health; however, the role of intervening psychological variables remains unclear. The limitations of the reviewed literature are discussed, and methodological recommendations are made for future research.

scholarly journals Hispanic/Latino Ethnic Identity and Diabetes: An Examination of Underlying Acculturation Processes and the Hispanic/Latino Health Advantage

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Jeannie B. Concha ◽  
Kristen Kelly ◽  
Briana Mezuk
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Hispanics/Latinos in the United States experience both a health advantage and disadvantage in developing diabetes. Ethnic identity, a predictor of psychological well-being, has not been widely applied to physical health outcomes. The objective of this study is to apply what is known regarding ethnic identity and psychological health to physical health outcomes (diabetes) and to explore the moderating effect of education as a possible underlying mechanism of the Hispanic Health Advantage/Disadvantage. Specifically, this study examines (a) the association between ethnic identity and diabetes prevalence among adult Hispanics/Latinos and (b) determines whether education modifies this relationship. Method. Data come from the nationally representative adult U.S. household study, National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), collected in 2001 to 2003 ( N = 1,746). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between ethnic identity, education, and their interaction with likelihood of diabetes. Results. Hispanics/Latinos with high ethnic identity have a higher odds of reporting diabetes among those with 13 to 15 years of education (odds ratio: 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–2.92) and a lower odds among those with 16+ years of education (odds ratio: 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.84). Ethnic identity is associated with diabetes prevalence and the relationship is moderated by educational attainment. Conclusion. Given the growth, diversity, and diabetes disparities among Hispanics/Latinos, our buffering and exacerbating findings exemplify the complexity and fluidity of theory in understanding psychological/behavioral processes. The findings highlight the importance of designing targeted health interventions that take into account the diverse psychosocial and educational experiences of Hispanics/Latinos.

scholarly journals Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Lee ◽  
Tushara Govind ◽  
Marina Ramsey ◽  
Tsung Chin Wu ◽  
Rebecca Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of compassion in promoting health and well-being, with cross-sectional data showing an inverse correlation with loneliness. This is the first longitudinal study examining both compassion toward others (CTO) and compassion toward self (CTS) as predictors of mental and physical health outcomes including loneliness, across adult lifespan. We followed 552 women and 538 men in San Diego County for up to 7.5 (mean 4.8 and SD 2.2) years, using validated rating scales for CTO, CTS, and loneliness. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine age- and sex-related trajectories of CTO and CTS over time. Linear regression models were used to evaluate baseline and longitudinal relationships of CTO and CTS with mental well-being, physical well-being, and loneliness. CTS and CTO were weakly intercorrelated. Women had higher baseline CTO than men. While CTO was stable over time and across the lifespan, CTS scores had an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around age 77. There were significant baseline × slope interactions of both CTO and CTS predicting improvements in physical well-being in adults <60 years old. Increases in CTO and CTS predicted improvements in mental well-being. Higher baseline CTO and CTS as well as increases in CTO and CTS scores predicted lower loneliness scores at follow-up. Thus, CTO and CTS were associated with better mental well-being and loneliness across the adult lifespan, and physical well-being in younger adults, and are promising targets for interventions to improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Definitions and Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Large Database Studies: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Ying Pin Chua ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Poay Sian Sabrina Lee ◽  
Eng Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Multimorbidity presents a key challenge to healthcare systems globally. However, heterogeneity in the definition of multimorbidity and design of epidemiological studies results in difficulty in comparing multimorbidity studies. This scoping review aimed to describe multimorbidity prevalence in studies using large datasets and report the differences in multimorbidity definition and study design. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases to identify large epidemiological studies on multimorbidity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol for reporting the results. Results: Twenty articles were identified. We found two key definitions of multimorbidity: at least two (MM2+) or at least three (MM3+) chronic conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity MM2+ ranged from 15.3% to 93.1%, and 11.8% to 89.7% in MM3+. The number of chronic conditions used by the articles ranged from 15 to 147, which were organized into 21 body system categories. There were seventeen cross-sectional studies and three retrospective cohort studies, and four diagnosis coding systems were used. Conclusions: We found a wide range in reported prevalence, definition, and conduct of multimorbidity studies. Obtaining consensus in these areas will facilitate better understanding of the magnitude and epidemiology of multimorbidity.

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