14. Discharge by Frustration

2020 ◽  
pp. 467-502
Author(s):  
Jack Beatson ◽  
Andrew Burrows ◽  
John Cartwright
Keyword(s):  

This chapter traces the history of the doctrine of frustration and examines the scope of its present application. The discussion covers instances of frustration, the theoretical basis of frustration, incidence of risk, self-induced frustration, leases and contracts for the sale of land, and effects of frustration.

Author(s):  
Shadimetova Gulchehra Mamurovna

Holidays have the power to reflect the nation's views, imagination, vision and national values about the scientist and man through artistic images. In addition, holidays form and strengthen feelings such as national pride and national pride, which are composed of such principles as nationhood, popularity, heroism, beauty, grandeur, as well as aesthetic pleasure, aesthetic interest, aesthetic taste and formation of aesthetic ideals – forming a composition of aesthetic perception that distinguishes people from other life events. In this article, the stages of development of holidays and their artistic and aesthetic features will be studied and studied on a scientific and theoretical basis. Also, the philosophical-aesthetic analysis of the concept of the holiday, the history of its development and scientific-methodological aspects are studied.


Early China ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kroll

The study of the economic views of the eminent Han statesman and thinker Sang Hung-yang (152-80 B.C.) permits various approaches. One tendency has been to examine his ideas within the context of the general history of economic thought. T'ang Ch'ing-tseng, for instance, has attempted to find modern European parallels in his analysis of the Yen t'ieh lun (especially those theories attributed to Sang). Later attempts, however, which examine Sang's economic ideas in the context of the history of Chinese economic thought itself seem more fruitful. For example, V. M. Stein has convincingly established the connection between the Kuan-tzu and Sang's views in the Yen t'ieh lun. Stein concluded first that Sang was “a Legalist of a new formation” who “approved of any source of income,” even of the kind of “profiteering” which was later endemic to the society of Peter the Great of Russia; and, second, that he was a practical financier, who borrowed the theoretical basis for his measures to regulate the economy from the Kuan-tzu, but disregarded the “deep-laid ethical basis” of this work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Evgenij Martynov ◽  
Basarab Nicolescu

This paper is an extended version of the talk by B. Nicolescu at the XLVIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD2018) at Singapore, 3-7 September, 2018. Theoretical basis and history of the Froissaron and Maximal Odderon (FMO) approach for elastic pp and $ \bar {p} $ p scattering is presented. Precise formulation of the FMO model at any momentum transfer squared t is given. The model is applied to description and analysis of the experimental data in a wide interval of energy $ \sqrt s $ and t. The special attention is given for the latest TOTEM data at 13 TeV, both at t = 0 and at t ≠ 0 and to their interpretation in the FMO model. It is emphasized that the last TOTEM results can be considered as clear evidence for the first experimental observation of the Odderon, predicted theoretically about 50 years ago.


2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1935-1938
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Bai Hao Li

Shenyang is one of provincial capital, along the railway, opening the commercial of early-modern Chinese, which is the ancient capital city that has experienced modernization. Shenyang early-modern city planning is completed in the process of centralization and colonial invasion and local autonomy, the diverse of city administrative system is to promote the different regions feature of Shenyang early-modern city. Based on the subject of administration perspective, takes as the object of study by the theory and implementation of Shenyang early-modern city planning, makes the analysis and location to the history of Shenyang early-modern city planning, to provide historical and theoretical basis for the construction of modern urbanization and regional system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duchowny Aléxia ◽  
Pereira Luíza

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la fecha aproximada de la producción del texto del manuscrito Lybro de magyka, la tercera parte de una obra sobre astrología, en espanõl, comprada por Hernando Colón en 1527, que se conserva hoy en la Biblioteca Colombina, Sevilla, bajo la inscripción Ms. 5-2-32. Nuestra hipótesis es que el texto fue escrito entre los siglos XIII y XVI. Por lo tanto, la base teórica está constituida por gramáticas históricas de la lengua española que traen las siguientes características representativas del español medieval que nos permitieran elaborar criterios para el análisis que comprobarían o no la hipótesis inicial: 1) la formación de adverbios con el sufijo -mientre; 2) los masculinos hechos en -a que adoptan concordancia femenina; 3) la aspiración de la f- inicial; 4) el cambio de la copulativa et para y; 4) el adverbio suso. Los resultados permiten observar que la lengua del manuscrito fecha probablemente de finales del siglo XIV o del siglo XV, lo que se encuentra de acuerdo con las hipótesis de autoría propuestas por los trabajos acerca del Lybro de magyka hasta el momento. Así, el presente estudio contribuye para la reconstrucción de la historia del códice y para los estudios acerca de la lengua española. The objective of this work is to identify the approximate date of the production of the text of the manuscript Lybro de magyka, the third part of a work on astrology, in Spanish, purchased by Hernando Colón in 1527, which is preserved today in the Biblioteca Colombina, Seville, Spain, under the registration Ms. 5-2-32. Our hypothesis is that the text was written between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries, and is a copy of a Catalan translation. Therefore, the theoretical basis is constituted by works of internal and external history of the Spanish language that bring representative characteristics of the medieval Spanish. The characteristics below allow to elaborate criteria for the analysis that would verify or not the initial hypothesis: 1) the formation of adverbs with the suffix -mientre ; 2) the masculine ones made in -a that adopt feminine concordance; 3) the change of the copulative et to y; The results show that the language of the manuscript probably dates from the fifteenth century, which is in accordance with the hypotheses of authorship proposed by the works on the Lybro de Magyka so far. Thus, the present study contributes to the reconstruction of the history of the codex and to the studies about the Spanish language.


Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Heng Xie ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan He

Pottery is a gem in the history of human civilization and a crystallization of human wisdom. Yunnan Jianshui purple pottery is one of the four famous types of pottery in China, with a long history and superb craftsmanship. Used as tableware, research on the composition and element dissolution of pottery is extremely significant for production and health. This paper takes Jianshui purple pottery as its research object, samples its raw ores and finished products, and conducts X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry experiments, and dissolution tests. The chemical composition, microstructure, and trace element concentrations of pottery before and after firing were measured. Results show that the dissolution of purple pottery under various use scenarios is low and meets health requirements. Combined with the characteristics of purple pottery, the composition changes and the mechanism of change before and after firing are discussed, which can be used as the theoretical basis for improving pottery production in the future.


Author(s):  
Xiuping Zhang ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
Cao Qi ◽  
Chunling Ma

Background: We aimed to explore the influencing factors of clinical adverse blood transfusion reactions, to provide theoretical basis and support for clinical safe blood transfusion, and to minimize the occurrence of adverse blood transfusion reactions. Methods: The method was to retrospectively analyze the report of adverse blood transfusion reports from 6 hospitals in Linyi area, Shandong, China to the blood station in Linyi City center from 2013 to 2020. We aimed to classify factors, analyze the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions, and discuss the correlation between the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions and the above factors. Results: Overall, 248 patients (77.98%) had a history of blood transfusion. The difference between this group and the group with no history was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions in middle-aged and elderly patients was relatively high, especially for those over 50 yr old, with an adverse reaction of 135, for example, the proportion reached 42.45%. In addition, a retrospective analysis found that the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions was mostly concentrated from Mar to Sep, a total of 228 cases, accounting for 71.69% of all adverse reactions, which was the highest incidence of adverse transfusion reactions. Conclusion: The main adverse reactions of transfusion were allergic reactions, followed by non-hemolytic febrile reactions, mainly caused by transfusion of suspended red blood cells.


2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (44) ◽  
pp. 312-342
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos ◽  
Pablo Cristiano Alves Coelho ◽  
Bruno Durão Rodrigues ◽  
Larissa Duarte Araújo Pereira

O trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a atual exploração turística do carste do norte da França, em locais remanescentes e pontos estratégicos utilizados no Teatro de Operações durante o desembarque Aliado nas praias da Baixa Normandia na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por meio de fundamentação teórica e pesquisa de campo foi possível observar a paisagem cárstica e ponderar sobre o uso dos marcos históricos, cemitérios, museus e modificações na paisagem como suporte ao Turismo Histórico-Cultural. Observa-se que o cenário em questão visa promoção e valorização da história, bem como propõe o resgate da memória através do desenvolvimento turístico regional.Palavras-chave: Carste; Turismo; Baixa Normadia; Segunda Guerra Mundial; Dia D Abstract This work presents a discussion on the current tourist use of the karst from northern France in remaining places and strategic points used in the theater of operations during the Allied landings on the beaches of Lower Normandy in World War II. By means of theoretical basis and fieldwork it was possible to observe the karst landscape and consider its use as historic landmarks, cemeteries, museums and changes in the landscape as support for the historical and cultural tourism. One observes that the scenario is used as a way of enforcing and preserving history as well as proposes the rescue of memory through the development of regional tourism.Keywords: Karst; Tourism; Lower Normandy; Second World War; D-Day.


Author(s):  
Stephen Bax

This article revisits the issue of the normalisation of technology in language education, defined as the stage at which a technology is used in language education without our being consciously aware of its role as a technology, as an effective element in the language learning process (Bax, 2003). It draws on the literature relating to the history of sociotechnical innovation (Bijker, 1997) to develop the theoretical basis of the concept and examines normalisation in the light of a neo-Vygotskian conceptual framework, in order to establish a set of central principles by which to understand and interpret the normalisation process. It then considers the implications for the language teacher and other change agents, with proposals for how to introduce new technologies into language education settings with maximum impact.


2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (12a) ◽  
pp. 2107-2116
Author(s):  
RONALD W. HELLINGS

This is more an after-dinner talk than it is a presentation of research — nothing new, no references, incomplete. It is, rather, a somewhat personal view of: (1) the history of experimental gravity in space, (2) a discussion on the theoretical basis for the two major thrusts in the field — tests of post-Newtonian gravity and gravitational astronomy, and (3) a couple of brief comments on two of the future space opportunities that are discussed at this meeting, LATOR and LISA. My judgment is that we have done a lot to provide an experimental basis for the theory of gravity, and that we can do even more.


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