scholarly journals What steps can researchers take to increase research uptake by policymakers? A case study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-675
Author(s):  
Shishi Wu ◽  
Mishal Khan ◽  
Helena Legido-Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Research Uptake ◽  
Financial Power

Abstract Empirical analysis of the connections between research and health policymaking is scarce in middle-income countries. In this study, we focused on a national multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) healthcare provider training programme in China as a case study to examine the role that research plays in influencing health policy. We specifically focused on the factors that influence research uptake within the complex Chinese policymaking process. Qualitative data were collected from 34 participants working at multilateral organizations, funding agencies, academia, government agencies and hospitals through 14 in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions with 10 participants each. Themes were derived inductively from data and grouped based on the ‘Research and Policy in Developing countries’ framework developed by the Overseas Development Institute. We further classified how actors derive their power to influence policy decisions following the six sources of power identified by Sriram et al. We found that research uptake by policymakers in China is influenced by perceived importance of the health issues addressed in the research, relevance of the research to policymakers’ information needs and government’s priorities, the research quality and the composition of the research team. Our analysis identified that international donors are influential in the TB policy process through their financial power. Furthermore, the dual roles of two government agencies as both evidence providers and actors who have the power to influence policy decisions through their technical expertise make them natural intermediaries in the TB policy process. We concluded that resolving the conflict of interests between researchers and policymakers, as suggested in the ‘two-communities theory’, is not enough to improve evidence use by policymakers. Strategies such as framing research to accommodate the fast-changing policy environment and making alliances with key policy actors can be effective to improve the communication of research findings into the policy process, particularly in countries undergoing rapid economic and political development.

The Role of Parties in Political Development (Case Study of Kurdistan-Iraq)

Twejer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 581-651
Author(s):  
Hameed Radha Jalaey Pur ◽  
◽  
Abdulmohsin Klantery ◽  
Barzan Hassan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development

Designing for Dissemination in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Owen ◽  
Ana Goode ◽  
Takemi Sugiyama ◽  
Mohammad Javad Koohsari ◽  
Genevieve Healy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Behavior Change Program

This chapter emphasizes the need for research that is designed and implemented explicitly with dissemination in mind. This is illustrated in relation to environmental and policy initiatives to influence physical activity through active transport, and through the example of initiatives to reduce workplace sitting. The other element of this chapter, the broad-reach intervention-dissemination case study of a health behavior-change program, highlights the need to maintain key elements of research quality in designing for dissemination, to the extent that is practically possible: a rigorous study design; the systematic tracking of implementation and related costs; and, the conduct of dose-response, maintenance and cost-effectiveness analyses. These examples of designing for dissemination illustrate not only the exciting opportunities for real-world dissemination research, but also the resourcefulness and commitment required for success.

Extending the Domain of the Value of a Statistical Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
W. Kip Viscusi
Keyword(s):  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Mortality Reduction ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
Regulatory Sanctions

Abstract The value of a statistical life (VSL) establishes the money-risk tradeoff that U.S. government agencies have used for four decades to monetize the mortality reduction benefits of proposed regulations. This article advocates the adoption of the VSL more generally both for policy evaluation purposes and for setting the magnitude of regulatory sanctions involving fatalities. Agencies currently employ the inconsistent practice of using the VSL to set the stringency of regulations, while at the same time, reverting to very low monetary values of sanctions for violations that result in fatalities. Reform of penalty levels to reflect the VSL will require increasing the current statutory limits on regulatory penalties. Revamping the penalty structure also will incentivize private companies to incorporate the VSL in their corporate risk analyses. Government agencies, including those concerned with national defense, similarly could profit from greater expansion of the use of the VSL in policy decisions.

scholarly journals Enhancing Maritime Crew Resource Management Training by Applying Resilience Engineering: A Case Study of the Bachelor Maritime Officer Training Programme in Rotterdam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Jaco Griffioen ◽  
Monique van der Drift ◽  
Hans van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Crew Resource Management Training

This paper sets out to enhance current Maritime Crew Resource Management (MCRM) training, and with that to improve the training of technical and non-technical skills given to bachelor maritime officers. The rationale for CRM training is improving safety performance by reducing accidents caused by human error. The central notion of CRM training is that applying good resource management principles during day-to-day operations will lead to a beneficial change in attitudes and behaviour regarding safety. This article therefore indicates that enhanced MCRM should play a more structural role in the training of student officers. However, the key question is: what are the required changes in attitude and behaviour that will create sufficient adaptability to improve safety performance? To provide an answer, we introduce the Resilience Engineering (RE) theory. From an RE point of view, we elaborate on the relation between team adaptability and safety performance, operationalized as a competence profile. In addition, a case study of the ‘Rotterdam Approach’ will be presented, in which the MCRM training design has been enhanced with RE, with the objective to train team adaptability skills for improved safety performance.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Lembaga Penyiaran Radio di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi Khalayak

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ardian Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Radio Broadcasting

This article describes about the analysis of  the understanding of institutions of broadcasting radios in west sumatera to fulfill the need of social information. This research is based from the phenomenon in the field showing the decrease of social interest in listening to a radio closed by the modernization of mass communication.  To reveal the reality in the field, this research used constructive paradigm, qualitative methods and case study approach. The research data was collected by interviewing 5 key informen and documentation study. Based on the result of analysis in the field in completing the need of social information, the researcher concluded as followed: (1) Radios in West Sumatera comprehend the 3 functions of communication in fulfilling social information needs: (a) information, (b) social learning, and (c) entertainment. That was seen from the constructions of the broadcasting programs produced; (2) In the effort of fulfilling the need of information, radios conduct surveys, observations and researches of the market that need information; and (3) Radio broadcasting board of West Sumatera comprehends that in information dissemination KPID of West Sumatera is the regulator taking roll in supervising the broadcasting programs and any kinds of violations than by the radios. 

scholarly journals The Interconnectedness between Institutional Quality, Civil War and Institutional Reform: A Case Study of Nepalese Maoist Civil War

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Made In

Various factors trigger civil war, depending on the society and stages of political development. But analyzing it through the quality of an institution or some provisions of institutions may lead to a possible cause of a civil war. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to investigate institutional quality and its role in triggering a civil war. This paper argues that there is interconnectedness between institutional quality, civil war, and institutional reforms, which occurs as a series of events. Although the article provides many examples, in the second section, the case study of Nepalese decade-long civil war and post-civil war institutional reform has been presented to back the argument made in the paper. By discussing various dynamics of historical institutionalism, the paper mainly analyzes the primary and secondary sources.

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