11. Surveys

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Questionnaire Design ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter discusses the principles of survey research as well as the issues and problems associated with different stages of the research design process. In particular, it examines questionnaire design, sample design, and interviewing techniques, along with the common sources of error that affect survey research and what can be done to try and avoid or minimize them. Although surveys have several weaknesses, they are widely used in political research to investigate a wide range of political phenomena. They combine two things: obtaining information from people by asking questions and random sampling. When done well, surveys provide an accurate and reliable insight into what ordinary people think about politics and how they participate in politics. The chapter considers the elements of a survey that need to be addressed, namely: questionnaire design, measurement error, sampling design, sampling error, and interview mode.

11. Surveys

2020 ◽  
pp. 284-308
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Questionnaire Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter discusses the principles of survey research as well as the issues and problems associated with different stages of the research design process. In particular, it examines questionnaire design, sample design, and interviewing techniques, along with the common sources of error that affect survey research and what can be done to try and avoid or minimize them. Although surveys have several weaknesses, they are widely used in political research to investigate a wide range of political phenomena. They combine two things: obtaining information from people by asking questions and random sampling. When done well, surveys provide an accurate and reliable insight into what ordinary people think about politics and how they participate in politics. The chapter considers the elements of a survey that need to be addressed, namely: questionnaire design, measurement error, sampling design, sampling error, and interview mode.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
F. Bailey Norwood ◽  
Tamara L. Mix
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Common ◽  
To Come ◽  
Insight Into

The radicals whose voices are represented are ordinary people, trying to achieve the common goal of a better food system. At points, they agree with one another; at times they do not. Hearing from people with diverse experiences and perspectives gives the reader insight into the complex nature of the current food system. Each of the radical friends addressed throughout the book has something to teach us. Often, it takes a nonradical, someone engaging in the “routine,” to lend a radical notion credibility. The radical and commonplace work in tandem. To understand the changes taking place in our food system and the challenges to come, both need to be understood.

Improved sampling of wildlife populations using airborne surveys

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Khaemba ◽  
A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Connochaetes Taurinus

Parameter estimates, obtained from airborne surveys of wildlife populations, often have large bias and large standard errors. Sampling error is one of the major causes of this imprecision and the occurrence of many animals in herds violates the common assumptions in traditional sampling designs like systematic or simple random sampling even when stratification is used. In this paper, we present an adaptive sampling design that uses criteria of observed animal counts to maximise sample information and that is independent of the usual assumption of a uniform distribution for wildlife populations. For illustration, the design is applied to data derived from a survey carried out in the Masai Mara ecosystem (Mara) of Kenya, with a focus on three species: elephant (Loxodonta africana), kongoni (Alcelaphus buselaphus) and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). The sampling design's more efficient estimates show an improvement on those from conventional systematic design, with a greater than 10 times reduction in estimated bias and a 37% lowering of the standard error. The adaptive design, however, underestimates population totals for species in large herds, while a multivariate extension gives only marginal improvements.

scholarly journals Promotion of exercise in the management of cystic fibrosis - summary of national meetings

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen William Tomlinson ◽  
James Shelley ◽  
Sarah Denford ◽  
Alan R Barker ◽  
Patrick J Oades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team ◽  
Current Provision

Rationale, aims and objectives: Physical activity (PA) and exercise are important in maintaining and improving health and wellbeing in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and measures of exercise capacity are useful outcomes in monitoring disease progression. The roles and responsibilities of CF multi-disciplinary team (MDT) members in supporting PA and exercise have yet to be fully defined. This communication reports on national meetings of CF MDT staff whose interest is to improve and standardise person-centered exercise provision and testing as part of routine CF care. We also introduce the role of the physiotherapy technician in supporting PA interventions.Meetings: The two meetings covered a range of presentations, discussions and workshops, focusing on the role of exercise and PA in CF management. Forty people from 15 NHS Hospital Trusts and 3 universities were asked to provide feedback via a questionnaire.Results: The common roles and responsibilities of clinical staff involved in exercise testing and prescription are described, with a wide range of duties identified. In addition, physiotherapists were reported as the main MDT member responsible for exercise provision. The majority of teams reported discussing exercise at every clinical visit (57%) and felt confident in discussing exercise with patients (67%).Conclusions: While this report highlights the current provision of exercise in CF MDTs, it also provides insight into the resources MDTs may require in order to enhance the profile of exercise within CF services, including enhanced training, guidelines and standardised clinical roles.

Dreams and Divination from Byzantium to Baghdad, 400-1000 CE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Neil
Keyword(s):  
Dream Interpretation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
The Gift ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into

Why did dreams matter to Jews, Byzantine Christians, and Muslims in the first millennium? This book shows how the ability to interpret dreams universally attracted power and influence in the first millennium. In a time when prophetic dreams were viewed as God’s intervention in human history, male and female prophets wielded unparalleled power in imperial courts, military camps, and religious gatherings. The three faiths drew on the ancient Near Eastern tradition of dream key manuals, which offer readers a rare insight into the hopes and fears of ordinary people. They melded pagan dream divination with their own scriptural traditions to produce a novel and rich culture of dream interpretation. Prophetic dreams enabled communities to understand their past and present circumstances as divinely ordained and helped to bolster the spiritual authority of dreamers and those who had the gift of interpreting their dreams. The book takes a gendered approach to the analysis of the common culture of dream interpretation across late antique Jewish, Byzantine, and Islamic sources to 1000 CE, in order to expose the ways in which dreams offered women a unique opportunity to exercise influence. The epilogue reveals why dreams still matter today to many men and women of the monotheist traditions.

scholarly journals Limited evidence of a genetic basis for sex determination in the common creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda V. Meuser ◽  
Cassandre B. Pyne ◽  
Elizabeth G. Mandeville
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Determination Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into

1AbstractSexual reproduction is almost universal in the animal kingdom; therefore, each species must have a mechanism for designating sex as male or female. Fish especially have a wide range of sex determining systems. While incompatible systems are thought to increase reproductive isolation, interspecific hybridization is common among groups such as cyprinid minnows, thus, studies such as this can provide insight into hybridization and evolutionary diversification of this clade. In the present study, we aimed to identify a genetic basis for sex determination in the common creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. No sex-associated markers were found by RADSex or a GWAS using GEMMA, however, our Weir and Cockerham locus-specific FST analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed some genetic differentiation between the sexes at several loci. While no explicit sex determination mechanism has been yet discovered in creek chub, these loci are potential candidates for future studies. This study also highlights technical challenges involved in studying sex determination in species with extremely variable mechanisms.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

COPPER ALLOY No. 268

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract Copper Alloy No. 268 is a copper-zinc alloy with excellent cold-working properties and good resistance to corrosion. It can be cold worked by all the common fabrication processes and has a wide range of applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-306. Producer or source: Brass mills.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Seligmann
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
The Common

As this book has shown the common conception that ‘Churchill’s “radical phase” was cast to the winds’ when he was put in charge of the Navy in October 1911, although well established in the literature, is not, in fact, accurate.1 The radical President of the Board of Trade, eager to improve the lives of the poor, became the radical Home Secretary, no less enthusiastic for social reform, who then became the radical First Lord of the Admiralty, imbued with both a desire and, perhaps more importantly, a will to intervene in order to better conditions for those who served in the Royal Navy. Accordingly, he embarked upon a major programme of improvement across a wide range of different areas all of which affected the everyday life of sailors. Alcohol intake, sexual behaviour, religious practice, corporal punishment, as well as pay and equality of progression, all came under the spotlight while Churchill was First Lord. Of course, not all of the new measures were successful and not all were progressive in the modern understanding of the term, but all of them represented significant attempts to push forward a radical agenda for change....

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