scholarly journals Genetic determinants of increased body mass index mediate the effect of smoking on increased risk for type 2 diabetes but not coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3327-3337
Author(s):  
Christopher S Thom ◽  
Zhuoran Ding ◽  
Michael G Levin ◽  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
Kyung Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cad Risk

Abstract Clinical observations have linked tobacco smoking with increased type 2 diabetes risk. Mendelian randomization analysis has recently suggested smoking may be a causal risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, this association could be mediated by additional risk factors correlated with smoking behavior, which have not been investigated. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could help to explain the association between smoking and diabetes risk. First, we confirmed that genetic determinants of smoking initiation increased risk for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15–1.27, P = 1 × 10−12) and coronary artery disease (CAD; OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16–1.26, P = 2 × 10−20). Additionally, 2-fold increased smoking risk was positively associated with increased BMI (~0.8 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98 kg/m2, P = 1.8 × 10−11). Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses showed that BMI accounted for nearly all the risk smoking exerted on type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11, P = 0.03). In contrast, the independent effect of smoking on increased CAD risk persisted (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17, P = 3 × 10−8). Causal mediation analyses agreed with these estimates. Furthermore, analysis using individual-level data from the Million Veteran Program independently replicated the association of smoking behavior with CAD (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.37, P = 2 × 10−5), but not type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.08, P = 0.69), after controlling for BMI. Our findings support a model whereby genetic determinants of smoking increase type 2 diabetes risk indirectly through their relationship with obesity. Smokers should be advised to stop smoking to limit type 2 diabetes and CAD risk. Therapeutic efforts should consider pathophysiology relating smoking and obesity.

scholarly journals Genetically determined body mass index mediates the effect of smoking on type 2 diabetes risk, but not coronary artery disease risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Thom ◽  
Zhuoran Ding ◽  
Michael G Levin ◽  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
Benjamin F Voight
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Randomization Analysis

AbstractClinical observations have linked tobacco smoking with increased type 2 diabetes risk (1–5), a major public health concern (6). Mendelian randomization analysis has recently suggested smoking may be a causal risk factor for type 2 diabetes (7). However, this initial association could be mediated by additional causal risk factors correlated with smoking behavior, which have not been investigated to date. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could explain the association between smoking and diabetes risk. First, we confirmed previous reports that genetically determined smoking behavior increased risk for both type 2 diabetes (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.27, P=1×10−12) and coronary artery disease (CAD; OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.16-1.26, P=2×10−20). Additionally, a 2-fold increased smoking risk is positively associated with body mass index (BMI; ∼0.8 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.54-0.98 kg/m2, P=1.8×10−11). In multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, including BMI accounted for nearly all of the risk of smoking on type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, P=0.03). In contrast, the independent association between smoking and CAD persisted (OR 1.12, CI: 1.08-1.17, P=3×10−8) despite controlling for BMI. Causal mediation analyses agreed with these estimates. Our findings support a model whereby smoking initiation increases obesity, which in turn increases type 2 diabetes risk, with minimal if any direct effects from smoking on diabetes risk. Patients should be advised to stop smoking to limit both type 2 diabetes and CAD risk, and therapeutic efforts should consider pathophysiology relating smoking and obesity.

Stress hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Colomo ◽  
Francisca Linares ◽  
Elehazara Rubio-Martín ◽  
María J. Moreno ◽  
Manuel de Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Stress Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II IN IRAQI PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Mundher Jabbar Al-okhedi ◽  
Mohammed Qais Al-ani ◽  
Marrib N Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between proinflammatory cytokines in special, the interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018 in Anbar, Iraq. We studied a total of 90 individuals (46 men and 44 women) aged between 20 and 87 years. The samples were divided into four groups: CAD patients (n=23), T2DM patients (n=23), coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes together in the same patient (n=23), and control group (n=21). The concentrations of IL-6 and IGF-1 were determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay.Results: The results of the present study showed that there were elevated serum levels of IL-6 and low levels of IGF-1 in all the tested groups, compared with the control. The difference was statistically significant at p<0.05. The results showed a positively correlated between IL-6 and IGF-1 in the CAD group and T2DM group, while it was a negative correlation between serum levels of IL-6 and IGF-1 in the T2DM+CAD group.Conclusion: Elevated levels serum of IL-6 predicts the development of CAD and T2DM. These data support a possible role for inflammation in diabetogenesis and complication of the cardiovascular disease. There is an inverse relationship between the levels serum of IGF-1 and increased risk of CAD and development of T2DM.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Adiponectin Serum Level and Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Mazloum Khorasani ◽  
Saeed Choobkar ◽  
Ramin Khameneh Bagheri ◽  
Mina AkbariRad ◽  
Abdollah Firoozi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that has a higher serum level in healthy people. In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, MI, and dyslipidemia, the serum level of adiponectin is lower than 4 µg/mL. Adiponectin is proved to have a protective role against atherosclerotic changes where its low serum levels in type 2 diabetes can lead to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we aimed to survey the possible effects of adiponectin in the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetics. Thirty diabetic cases with coronary artery disease, 30 diabetic cases without known coronary artery disease, and a group of 30 healthy volunteers, all of them were between 18-65-year-old, were entered ourstudy. We gathered demographic data by performing a physical examination followed by filling a checklist and a set of laboratory tests. All the groups were sex and age-matched (P=0.284 and P=0.163 respectively). CAD group had the lowest HBA1C (P<0.001). Both LDL and HDL were also lower in the CAD group (P<0.001). Adiponectin was also lower in the CAD group when compared to other groups (P<0.008) or when compared with only normal diabetics (P<0.002). We found a correlation between adiponectin and HDL (r=0.348, P=0.008), suggesting each unit of reduction in serum level of adiponectin could increase the chance of coronary artery disease by 38% in diabetics. In this study, we showed that the lower serum level of adiponectin is correlated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetics.

418-P: Chronic Kidney Disease Is a Type 2 Diabetes Risk Equivalent in Patients with Established Coronary Artery Disease

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 418-P
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH H. SAELY ◽  
LUKAS SPRENGER ◽  
ALEXANDER VONBANK ◽  
BARBARA LARCHER ◽  
ARTHUR MADER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Established Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Risk Equivalent

scholarly journals Correlation between HFE gene polymorphisms and increased risk of coronary artery disease among patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila SAREMI ◽  
Marzieh SAREMI ◽  
Shirin LOTFIPANAH ◽  
Saber IMANI ◽  
Junjiang FU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Hfe Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

The Atherogenic Index of Plasma: A Powerful and Reliable Predictor for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110121
Author(s):  
Kuo Zhou ◽  
Zheng Qin ◽  
Jinfan Tian ◽  
Kongyong Cui ◽  
Yunfeng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cad Risk

We evaluated the predictive power of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 3278 patients who underwent coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled, including 2052 patients with CAD and 1226 patients with T2DM but without CAD. Patients in the CAD group had higher levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP and a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In correlation analyses, AIP correlated positively with body mass index, log (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), TG, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, non–HDL-C, but negatively with age and HDL-C. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that AIP was an independent risk factor for CAD in diabetic patients and was validated by multiple models. Furthermore, the ORs for CAD risk were raised with increasing AIP quartiles; ORs of AIP quartiles Q2–Q4 compared with Q1 were 1.56, 1.70, and 2.22, respectively ( Ps < .001), which suggested AIP was the lipid parameter that most strongly associated with incident CAD. In conclusion, AIP is a powerful and reliable biomarker for predicting CAD risk beyond individual lipid profiles in patients with T2DM.

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