scholarly journals An assessment of the functional variability of selected coastal ecosystems in the context of local environmental changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Baird
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
System Organization ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Total System ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Carbon Recycling ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Baird, D. (2009) An assessment of the functional variability of selected coastal ecosystems in the context of local environmental changes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1520–1527. The functioning of coastal ecosystems is greatly dependent on a wide variety of external pulses (e.g. tides, freshwater influx, seasonal trends in temperature, nutrient input, etc.). Assessments of the effect of a selection of environmental characteristics driven by natural and/or anthropogenic forces on ecosystem function are given using selected ecosystem properties, such as total system throughput, system organization, productivity, recycling, and trophic efficiency, derived from ecological network analysis (ENA) of several coastal ecosystems on monthly, intra-seasonal, seasonal, and interdecadal scales. Each ecosystem was modelled depicting data of standing stocks, the flows between the constituent living and non-living components in the system, exports, and imports. Results from ENA revealed considerable differences of the same property (or properties) resulting from physical changes (e.g. temperature, salinity, oxygen, rate of freshwater inflow) over time. A small temperature increase in a Florida seagrass bed, for example, resulted in increases in system throughput, the P/B ratio, and in the rate of carbon recycling, but also in a significant decrease in system organization. The effect of seasonal increases in water temperature and of measured decrease/increase in river run-off to a few selected estuaries is discussed using ENA.

Past testate amoeba communities in landslide mountain fens (Polish Carpathians): The relationship between shell types and sediment

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199464
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Włodzimierz Margielewski ◽  
Matthieu Mulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Relationship

Landslide mountain fens formed in landslide depressions are dynamic environments as their development is disturbed by a number of factors, for example, landslides, slopewash, and surface run-off. These processes lead to the accumulation of mineral material and wood in peat. Disturbed peatlands are interesting archives of past environmental changes, but they may be challenging for providing biotic proxy-based quantitative reconstructions. Here we investigate long-term changes in testate amoeba communities from two landslide mountain fens – so far an overlooked habitat for testate amoeba investigations. Our results show that abundances of testate amoebae are extremely low in this type of peatlands, therefore not suitable for providing quantitative depth-to-water table reconstructions. However, frequent shifts of dominant testate amoeba species reflect dynamic lithological situation of the studied fens. We observed that high and stable mineral matter input into the peatlands was associated with high abundances of species producing agglutinated (xenosomic) as well as idiosomic shells which prevailed in the testate amoeba communities in both analyzed profiles. This is the first study that explores testate amoebae of landslide mountain fens in such detail, providing novel information about microbial communities of these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Clonal selection of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus for productivity, adaptability, and stability, using SNP markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Torres-Dini ◽  
A. C. P. Nunes ◽  
A. Aguiar ◽  
N. Nikichuk ◽  
C. Centurión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In Uruguay, reforestations with Eucalyptus sp. is of fundamental importance to supply paper, pulp, and wood production. This study investigates genetic, productivity, stability, and adaptability parameters in the selection of Eucalypts grandis x Eucalyptus globulus full-sib hybrid clones. The study was conducted in a clonal test, repeated in two different soils types, in Rio Negro State, Uruguay. The population was characterized phenotypically for diameter at breast height (dbh) and genotyped for SNP markers (EuCHIP60K chip). Mean dbh was similar between sites and the genotype–environment interaction was simple. We found high genotype correlation in clone performance between environments (0.708), indicating the possibility of selecting the same clones for both study locations. Mean heritability between clones (0.724), coefficient of individual genetic variation (10.9 %), and relative variation (0.916), suggest the possibility of gains (estimated at 3.1 % for both sites together) by selecting clones with higher growth rates. A total of 15,196 SNPs were used to confirm parentage and test a genomic selection model for dbh. The predictive capacity was negative (-0.15) given the small population size (78 individuals). The most adaptable material among the tested study sites presented higher values for SNP heterozygosity. Thus, using molecular markers to identify clones responsive to environmental changes can act as a powerful tool in Eucalyptus breeding programs. The hybrid population showed greater adaptability than E. globulus for this region.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES TO MITIGATE THE DETERIORATION OF SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON AS REVEALED BY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Harnita Rosalina
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Watershed Conservation ◽  
Segara Anakan Lagoon ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Segara Anakan is a lagoon located in estuary area of Citanduy and Cibeureum rivers. The main problem that exists in the region Segara Anakan is a shrinking area of Segara Anakan lead lagoon function becomes ineffective due to the increased volume of sediment in estuaries Citanduy. Refinement Segara Anakan will impact annual floods that occurred in the area downstream Citanduy. Have far-reaching is the decline in fish production, which makes the source of livelihood for the community residents of Kampung Laut, furthermore, the environmental changes that occurred in the area Segara Anakan have resulted in shrinking coastal fisheries resources and the expansion of land arising from silting. Assessment of the problem conducted by the method of approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to obtain the best alternatives among three alternatives being offered to sustain the function of Segara Anakan Lagoon. These three alternatives include the 1) Dredging the Lagoon and Upstream Watershed Conservation; 2) Dredging the Lagoon and Reclamation Work around Segara Anakan, and 3) Dredging the Lagoon and Citanduy Diversion. Some criteria and sub-criteria are adapted to support the selection of the alternatives and related questionnaires were developed, and the questionnaire filling was carried out through the implementation of Focus Group of Discussion or FGD. The criteria include several aspects of the criteria and sub-criteria are technical (floods, silting), socioeconomic (the tourist area, the local economy), as well as the environment (fisheries/shipping, agriculture and mangrove forests). Results of the analysis applying the AHP method showed the consistent value on the Alternative 3), i.e. the Dredging of the Lagoon and the Upstream Watershed Conservation (38%).

scholarly journals DeGreening: An Installation of Photographic Works

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Pourghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Selection Of

This thesis is a supporting paper for a photographic exhibition that explores contemporary social and political issues in the country of Iran, through the depiction of a changing landscape. The work consists of photographs of the northern province of Gilan, Iran. As a critical body of work, the installation engages audiences to experience the changing environment and asks viewers to question the causes of the environmental changes in agricultural areas. A brief history of land use change in Iran during the White revolution is presented followed by a description of the current situation of farmlands in contemporary Iran. Goals for the project, methodology and issues of subjectivity are discussed. The shooting strategies, selection of the images, and presentation of the project is outlined. Finally, the essay discusses the project’s documentary relevance.

Using Diatoms as Ecological and Paleoecological Indicators in Riverine Environments

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Jeffery R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Terminal Lakes ◽  
Riverine Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Fossil diatom assemblages are useful for reconstructing past environmental changes in riverine systems. However, few studies have attempted to utilize paleolimnological techniques in these settings. Analysis of sediments from riverine environments can provide key information predating the impact of human development, which cannot be acquired by other means. Paleolimnological techniques can be used to determine the natural variability in these systems and to estimate the magnitude and rates of change that the environment may have undergone as a result of anthropogenic or climatic factors, and to provide realistic goals for management of negatively-impacted systems.Reconstructing past riverine settings requires an understanding of the factors that control the spatial distribution of diatoms in riverine settings; this paper discusses the impact of resources, stressors, and disturbance events, which are the primary controls on the distribution of benthic diatoms in modern riverine environments. A selection of case studies that utilize paleolimnological techniques to infer past stream hydrology are also discussed; these examples encompass the use of fossil diatom assemblages from sediments recovered from lowland floodplain and meandering river systems, estuarine environments, fluvial lakes, arctic deltaic environments, and terminal lakes.

Genetic Progress in the Camda Group Breeding Scheme Nucleus

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
G.E. Pollott ◽  
D. Croston ◽  
D.R. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Group Breeding ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Genetic Trends

A group breeding scheme was set up in 1976 by 10 Welsh Mountain breeders. The objective of the scheme was to improve lamb growth rate, mature size, mothering ability and litter size by selection in a nucleus flock. The original design of the scheme involved two control flocks. The Genetic Control flock was set up from the original base population and was used to monitor environmental changes in the nucleus flock. A Commercial Control flock comprised of a random selection of ewes mated to rams, which were purchased annually and represented the average animal available in the breed. An analysis of genetic progress in lamb growth in the first 9 years of the scheme was reported by Guy et al (1986). This paper presents genetic parameters and genetic trends for three traits recorded between 1977 and 1992.

Stratigraphic records and variability of incised valleys and estuaries along French coasts

2010 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Chaumillon ◽  
Bernadette Tessier ◽  
Jean-Yves Reynaud
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Controlling Factor ◽  
Incised Valley ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
Incised Valleys ◽  
Valley Fills ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the striking results of the papers published in the special publication “French Incised valleys, estuaries and lagoons” of the Bulletin de la Société géologique de France are presented and compared. The selection of papers within this volume focuses exclusively on the recent progress made on modern French incised valleys, estuaries and lagoons around the coasts of France. Those papers together with abundant papers recently published on modern French incised valleys provide new insights for the knowledge on these sedimentary systems. The large amount of new results obtained is indebted to an extensive exploration within a large variety of estuaries, lagoons and coastal areas, from macrotidal tide-dominated, to microtidal wave-dominated, with also meso- to macrotidal mixed tide- and wave-dominated estuaries. These data allow comparing incised valleys within the same setting of tectonically stable and sediment starved margins, but showing contrasted conditions of hydrodynamics, sediment supply and bedrock control. At a stratigraphic level, sea-level variation is the main parameter controlling incised valley formation and sediment fill. The first-order controlling factor explaining the observed variations in valley fills is hydrodynamics. Three valley-fill categories are highlighted: tide-dominated, mixed tide-and-wave and wave-dominated, that match the classification based on hydrodynamics and morphology of present-day estuaries or lagoons. The second-order controlling factor explaining the observed variations in valley fills is the antecedent morphology of the bedrock, which in turn controls hydrodynamics and sediment supply. Finally, a promising result is the demonstration of the potential of incised valley fills to record high frequency environmental changes related to climate events and human activities.

scholarly journals Adaptive ability of the poultry and its importance in the selection of animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Paskevych ◽  
A. V. Hunchak ◽  
L. M. Fialovych
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

An important property of living organisms is the ability to adapt to the influence ofthe externalfactors that is constant adaptation to environmental changes, while preserving the constancy of the internal environment. At the present levelof thedevelopment of poultry farming in agro farms of different types, the choice of the most adaptive and competitive breeds and crossbreds of the poultry in the production of eggs and meat is of great importance. Farm animals are affected by various external factors such as technology of keeping, production, veterinary and prophylactic and zootechnical measures. According to various scientific sources, a significant number of poultry crosses are used in Ukraine, mainly for the selection of leading firms in the USA, Canada, and Western Europe (foreign breeds in Ukraine account about 80% of the total poultry population). They provide a high degree of implementation of the genetic productivity potential, butunder rather controlled, almost climatic conditions of keeping and feeding. At the same time, they are very responsive to changing of environment when used in the conditions of the breeding and commodity enterprises of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the main economic-useful signs of the bird (bearing, weight of eggs, reproductive qualities) have polygenic inheritance and, accordingly, have a small fate of additivity of the operating genes. Therefore, in the new conditions of exploitation of cross-breeds of foreign selection on the indicated signs there is a significant influence of interaction «genotype × environment», which reduces the combinational ability of the family farms and, accordingly, manifestation of the heterosys effect. To preserve the structure of the cross, adaptation of the original family forms to the specific conditions of the poultry holdings is necessary, and then the implementation of supporting selection during mass selection of repair young animals. It should be taken into account that the suitability of imported lines, family forms or final bird hybrids is limited to the limits of their physiological response, since their heredity is formed in the conditions of the country where they are bred. The problem of adaptation of poultry in the conditions of industrial poultry farming is constantly relevant. The intensification of the industry leads to the new adaptation factors, in particular, different technological conditions for repair young animals and adult herds, changes in the recipes of feed and the quality of their components in other regions, the movement of poultry, stresses and so on. At the present, it is important to take into account both adaptive responses, acclimatization capacity of poultry and other animals imported from abroad, and selection according to the indicators of the reaction of the body for different methods of their study. In this regard, it is advisable to use crosses that have high adaptive capabilities.

scholarly journals Grapevine clonal selection in Portugal: A different approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gonçalves ◽  
A. Graça ◽  
and A. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Integrated Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Selection Methodology ◽  
Selection Of

The methodology for selection of an ancient grapevine variety conducted by PORVID (Portuguese Association for Grapevine Diversity) and the Portuguese Network for Grapevine Selection, focuses on quantitative genetic tools resulting in an integrated strategy that comprises two types of selected material – clonal and polyclonal – both carrying high genetic and economic gains for relevant agronomic and oenological traits. This work focused on the clonal selection methodology, particularly on the model for communication with users of selected materials (grape growers and winemakers). The approach is innovative, since detailed information of the whole experimental process leading to certified clones is provided, including predicted genetic gains for several traits and information about the clone's environmental stability (G × E interaction). This last analysis, combined with the utilisation of several certified clones (approximately 7), contributes to a better adaptation to environmental changes.

scholarly journals Environment, Climate and Society in Roman and Byzantine Butrint

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Mario Morellón ◽  
Gaia Sinopoli ◽  
Adam Izdebski ◽  
Laura Sadori ◽  
Flavio Anselmetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Climate And Society

AbstractA multiproxy analysis (sedimentology, geochemistry and pollen) of sediments recovered in the Butrint lagoon (Albania) allows us to reconstruct the environmental changes that occurred in the area during the 1st millenniumAD. In this paper, we compare these analytical results with the evidence provided by archaeological investigations carried out at the site of the Roman city of Butrint (surrounded by these lagoon waters) and in the city’s hinterlands. From this, we can say that different periods of farming and siltation (AD400–600 and 700–900) were accompanied by increased run-off and wetter conditions in the region. This coincided with the territorial and economic expansion of the Byzantine empire, suggesting the key role of trade in the profound land use changes experienced in Butrint.

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