scholarly journals 818Prediction of health effects of Asian dust using the MASINGAR in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Onishi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama ◽  
Yasunori Kurosaki ◽  
Youichi kurozawa ◽  
Masanori Nojima
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Allergic Symptom ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Global Spectral Model

Abstract Background Health effects of cross-border air pollutants and Asian dust are of significant concern in Japan. Currently, models predicting arrival of aerosols have not investigated the association between arrival predictions and health effects. We investigated the association between subjective health symptoms and data acquired from the Japan Meteorological Agency's (JMA's) the Model of Aerosol Species in the Global Atmosphere (MASINGAR) aerosol model with the objective of ascertaining if the data could be applied for predicting health effects. Methods Subjective symptom scores were collected using self-administered questionnaires and used with JMA model’s surface concentration data to conduct a risk evaluation using multiple linear mixed model, during 2013 to 2015. Altogether, 160 individuals provided 16226 responses. Data regarding climate (temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure) and environmental factors (NO2, SO2 and Ox) were used as covariates. We calculated the association between the surface dust concentration and symptoms. Results A strong association was also observed for nasal and cough symptoms (P for trend < 0.001). The differences in scores of nasal symptoms (sneezing and runny) of the highest quartile [Q4] vs. the lowest [Q1] were 0.039 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.01, p < 0.05) and 0.046 (95% CI: 0.002–0.02, p < 0.05), respectively. The differences in scores of cough symptoms were 0.036 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.002–0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that predictive models for pollutants’ arrival can be used to capability to foresee and possibly prevent the health impact of long range transport of air pollutants, recommending the potential role of aerosol forecast models in health care. MASINGAR is Global Spectral Model (GSM), this have the potential that can contribute in health predictions all over the world. Key messages Asian dust, Health forecast, Allergic symptom

Abstract P121: Post-resuscitation Ionized Hypocalcemia Revisited

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Heyming ◽  
Scott Youngquist ◽  
John P Rosborough ◽  
James T Niemann
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Exogenous Calcium

Objective : Hypocalcemia during cardiac arrest has been reported. However, hypotheses for the decrease in ionized calcium (iCa) vary and its importance unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships of iCa, pH, and base excess (BE) in two porcine cardiac arrest models, and to determine the effect of exogenous calcium on postresuscitation hemodynamics. Methods : Swine were instrumented and VF was induced either electrically (EVF, n=49) or spontaneously, ischemically induced (IVF) with balloon occlusion of the LAD (n=37). Animals were resuscitated after 7 minutes of VF. BE, iCa, and pH, were determined prearrest and at 15, 30, 60 min after ROSC. Arterial lactate was also measured in 10 pigs. In three animals, 1 gm of CaCl 2 was infused over 20 min after ROSC. Results: iCa, BE, and pH declined significantly over the 60 min following ROSC, regardless of VF type (figure ). Lactate was strongly correlated with BE (r = −0.83, p<0.0001). In a multivariate generalized linear mixed model, iCa was 0.007 mg/dL higher for every one unit increase in BE (95% CI 0.005– 0.008, p<0.0001), while controlling for type of induced VF. CaCl 2 improved post-ROSC hemodynamics when compared to saline infusion (figure ). Conclusions : Ionized hypocalcemia occurs following ROSC. This may be due to binding by lactate as evidenced by its strong association with the decline in base excess. CaCl 2 improves post-ROSC hemodynamics suggesting that hypocalcemia may play adial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Modelling for Anaemia and Malnutrition in Children Less Than Five Years of Age in Lesotho: A Case Study of a Cross-Sectional Dataset Using Multivariate Joint Model.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugiranka Tony Gaston ◽  
Shaun Ramroop ◽  
Faustin Habyarimana
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Malnourished Child ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Anaemia and malnutrition remain jointly a serious health issue worldwide especially in developing countries. In Lesotho, the prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition remains highly significant especially among children less than five years of age. Objectives The primary objective of the present study was to determine the association between anaemia and malnutrition, and identify the associated factors with the two diseases among children less than five years of age in Lesotho. Methods The present study was cross-sectional and used secondary data from the 2014 Lesotho Demographic Health Survey (LDHS). The study considered a total number of 3112 children and utilized a multivariate joint model under the scope of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) for the data analysis. Results The prevalence of anaemia and stunting in children less than five years of age were 51% and 43% respectively. The multivariate results revealed that there is a strong relationship between anaemia and malnutrition. In addition, the results indicated that education, residence, wealth index and childbirth weight have a significant effect on stunted or malnourished child, while child with fever and diarrhoea have a significant effect on anaemia. Lastly, child’s age has a significant effect on both stunting and anaemia. Conclusion The study indicated a strong association between anaemia and stunting or malnutrition in the long-term, and controlling one disease should result in reducing the other. The socio-economic, geographical and demographic variables have a significant impact on improving stunting and anaemia. Thus, improving nutrition in children less than five years, especially those from rural area and having a birthweight less than 2500g, and educating the mothers to take their children to the health care facility when they have fever and diarrhoea, especially those from poor background, would contribute immensely to the reduction of malnutrition and anaemia in children from Lesotho.

Relationship Between External and Internal Load Measures in Youth Beach Handball

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Andrea Fusco ◽  
Antanas Skarbalius ◽  
Audinga Kniubaite ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

Purpose: Assessing the relationship between external load (EL) and internal load (IL) in youth male beach handball players. Methods: A total of 11 field players from the Lithuanian U17 beach handball team were monitored across 14 training sessions and 7 matches. The following EL variables were assessed by means of inertial movement units: PlayerLoad™, accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps and total of inertial movements. IL was assessed objectively and subjectively using the summated heart rate zones and training load calculated via session rating of perceived exertion, respectively. Spearman correlations (ρ) were used to assess the relationship between EL and IL. The interindividual variability was investigated using linear mixed models with random intercepts with IL as dependent variable, PlayerLoad™ as the independent variable, and players as random effect. Results: The lowest significant (P < .05) relationship was for high jumps with objective (ρ = .56) and subjective (ρ = .49) IL. The strongest relationship was for PlayerLoad™ with objective (ρ = .9) and subjective (ρ = .84) IL. From the linear mixed model, the estimated SD of the random intercepts was 19.78 arbitrary units (95% confidence interval, 11.75–33.31); SE = 5.26, and R2 = .47 for the objective IL and 6.03 arbitrary units (95% confidence interval, 0.00–7330.6); SE = 21.87; and R2 = .71 for the subjective IL. Conclusions: Objective and subjective IL measures can be used as a monitoring tool when EL monitoring is not possible. Coaches can predict IL based on a given EL by using the equations proposed in this study.

scholarly journals Systematic analysis of injection-site pain and reactions caused by subcutaneous administration of the adalimumab biosimilar FKB327 versus the adalimumab reference product via different delivery methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieke Alten ◽  
Herbert Kellner ◽  
Malcolm Boyce ◽  
Takuma Yonemura ◽  
Takahiro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Injection Site Pain ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Site Pain

Introduction/Study objectives: FKB327 is a biosimilar of the adalimumab reference product. Studies in healthy subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated biosimilarity between FKB327 and the reference product in safety profile, efficacy and immunogenicity. FKB327 formulation excipients differ from the citrate-containing formulation of the reference product, and injection-site pain differences have been reported. The current analysis examines pooled data to assess the amount of injection-site pain resulting from injecting FKB327 using a prefilled syringe, autoinjector, or vial/syringe versus the reference product. Methods: Data from four studies were pooled to compare injection-site pain upon subcutaneous administration of FKB327 versus the reference product. Pooled data were analysed to compare FKB327 with the reference product and to compare the autoinjector, pre-filled syringe and vial/syringe. Results: Data were analysed from 2007 assessments in 1,001 subjects. A linear mixed model of the injection-site pain visual analogue scale score across all studies showed a 12.6-point lower pain score for FKB327 versus the reference product (95% confidence interval, –14.3 to –10.8; p > 0.001). The autoinjector pain score was 4.4 points lower than the vial/syringe (95% confidence interval, –5.9 to –2.8; p > 0.001) and 1.7 points lower than the pre-filled syringe (95% confidence interval, –3.3 to –0.1; p = 0.035). No statistically significant differences were identified for gender, age, body weight, needle gauge, or injection site. Conclusion: FKB327 showed less injection-site pain compared with the reference product. No statistically significant differences were seen in injection-site reactions or related adverse events between FKB327 and the reference product or among FKB327 injection methods.

scholarly journals Quantifying uncertainty on sediment loads using bootstrap confidence intervals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna I. F. Slaets ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Petra Schmitter ◽  
Thomas Hilger ◽  
Georg Cadisch
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Type Water

Abstract. Load estimates are more informative than constituent concentrations alone, as they allow quantifying on- and off-site impacts of environmental processes concerning pollutants, nutrients and sediment, such as soil fertility loss, reservoir sedimentation and irrigation channel siltation. While statistical models used to predict constituent concentrations have been developed considerably over the last years, measures of uncertainty on constituent loads are rarely reported. Loads are the product of two predictions, constituent concentration and discharge, integrated over a time period, which makes it not straightforward to produce a standard error or a confidence interval. In this paper, a linear mixed model is used to estimate sediment concentrations. A bootstrap method is then developed that accounts for the uncertainty in the concentration and discharge predictions, allowing temporal correlation in the constituent data, and can be used when data transformations are required. The method was tested for a small watershed in Northwest Vietnam for the period 2010–2011. The results showed that confidence intervals were asymmetric, with the highest uncertainty on the upper limit, and that a load of 6262 Mg/year had a 95 % confidence interval of [4331, 12 267] in 2010 and a load of 5543 Mg had an interval of [3593, 8975] in 2011. Additionally, the approach demonstrated that direct estimates from the data were biased downwards compared to bootstrap median estimates. These results imply that constituent loads predicted from regression-type water quality models could frequently be underestimating sediment yields and their environmental impact.

scholarly journals Dupuytren disease is highly prevalent in male field hockey players aged over 60 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (20) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieuwke C Broekstra ◽  
Edwin R van den Heuvel ◽  
Rosanne Lanting ◽  
Tom Harder ◽  
Inge Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Dupuytren Disease

Background/aimDupuytren disease is a fibroproliferative hand condition. The role of exposure to vibration as a risk factor has been studied with contradictory results. Since field hockey is expected to be a strong source of hand-arm vibration, we hypothesised that long-term exposure to field hockey is associated with Dupuytren disease.MethodsIn this cross-sectional cohort study, the hands of 169 male field hockey players (IQR: 65–71 years) and 156 male controls (IQR: 59–71 years) were examined for signs of Dupuytren disease. Details about their age, lifestyle factors, medical history, employment history and leisure activities were gathered. Prior to the analyses, the groups were balanced in risk factors using propensity score matching. The association between field hockey and Dupuytren disease was determined using a subject-specific generalised linear mixed model with a binomial distribution and logit link function (matched pairs analysis).ResultsDupuytren disease was observed in 51.7% of the field hockey players, and in 13.8% of the controls. After propensity score matching, field hockey playing as dichotomous variable, was associated with Dupuytren disease (OR=9.42, 95% CI 3.01 to 29.53). A linear dose-response effect of field hockey (hours/week x years) within the field hockey players could not be demonstrated (OR=1.03, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.56).DiscussionWe found that field hockey playing has a strong association with the presence of Dupuytren disease. Clinicians in sports medicine should be alert to this less common diagnosis in this sport.

scholarly journals Quantifying uncertainty on sediment loads using bootstrap confidence intervals

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna I. F. Slaets ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Petra Schmitter ◽  
Thomas Hilger ◽  
Georg Cadisch
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Type Water

Abstract. Load estimates are more informative than constituent concentrations alone, as they allow quantification of on- and off-site impacts of environmental processes concerning pollutants, nutrients and sediment, such as soil fertility loss, reservoir sedimentation and irrigation channel siltation. While statistical models used to predict constituent concentrations have been developed considerably over the last few years, measures of uncertainty on constituent loads are rarely reported. Loads are the product of two predictions, constituent concentration and discharge, integrated over a time period, which does not make it straightforward to produce a standard error or a confidence interval. In this paper, a linear mixed model is used to estimate sediment concentrations. A bootstrap method is then developed that accounts for the uncertainty in the concentration and discharge predictions, allowing temporal correlation in the constituent data, and can be used when data transformations are required. The method was tested for a small watershed in Northwest Vietnam for the period 2010–2011. The results showed that confidence intervals were asymmetric, with the highest uncertainty in the upper limit, and that a load of 6262 Mg year−1 had a 95 % confidence interval of (4331, 12 267) in 2010 and a load of 5543 Mg an interval of (3593, 8975) in 2011. Additionally, the approach demonstrated that direct estimates from the data were biased downwards compared to bootstrap median estimates. These results imply that constituent loads predicted from regression-type water quality models could frequently be underestimating sediment yields and their environmental impact.

scholarly journals Association between land use and composition of amphibian species in temperate Brazilian forest remnants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseli Coelho dos Santos ◽  
Diego Anderson Dalmolin ◽  
Diego Brum ◽  
Mauricio Roberto Veronez ◽  
Elaine Maria Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Forest Remnants

AbstractWe evaluated the influence of landscape configuration on the diversity of anurans in Atlantic Forest remnants in southern Brazil. As natural habits provide better conditions for the survival of amphibians, we expected to find more diverse communities in areas with more forest cover. We sampled tadpoles in 28 breeding sites distributed in seven forest remnants. We recorded 22 anuran species and richness varied from 6 to 12 species between sites. Most of the recorded species were not forest specialists, except for Boana curupi and Crossodactylus schmidti. There was a significant overlap in the species composition between all remnants, and the Generalized Linear Mixed Model indicated that landscape use did not affect species richness. The PERMANOVA showed that forest and livestock farming explained the dissimilarity in the composition of the communities. One possible explanation for this is that the remnants are surrounded by a relatively well-preserved landscape, which offers favorable conditions for the maintenance of local populations and homogenizes species composition across the sampling sites. The lack of any strong association between tadpole species richness and land use suggests that anurans are primally affected by habitat characteristics that are detected only on a fine-scale analysis.

Analyzing discontinuities in longitudinal count data: A multilevel generalized linear mixed model.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Peugh ◽  
Sarah J. Beal ◽  
Meghan E. McGrady ◽  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
Constance Mara
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Longitudinal Count Data
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