Immune Response of Mice to Ingested Toxoplasma gondii: A Model of Toxoplasma Infection Acquired by Ingestion

1984 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McLeod ◽  
R. G. Estes ◽  
D. G. Mack ◽  
H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection

scholarly journals Macrophages and T Lymphocytes in the Ovine Placenta After Experimental Infection With Toxoplasma gondii

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Castaño ◽  
Miguel Fuertes ◽  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
M. Carmen Ferreras ◽  
Ignacio Ferre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Ovine Placenta ◽  
Early Abortion

Early abortion in ovine toxoplasmosis has had limited investigation. This study evaluated the immune response in the placenta of sheep orally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and euthanized between 2 and 4 weeks postinfection. Toxoplasma infection of the placenta was only found at 4 weeks after infection. Parasitic debris in foci of necrosis were immunolabeled in the maternal caruncle, whereas well-preserved intracellular parasitic vacuole-like structures were found in trophoblasts of fetal cotyledon. Early abortions had increased macrophages in caruncular septa, whereas in later abortions the placentas containing the parasite had an increase of T lymphocytes and macrophages mainly in the fetal cotyledons. This study suggests that the immune response in both the fetal and maternal compartments of the placenta may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovine toxoplasmosis and that these responses differ between early and late presentations of the disease.

scholarly journals Presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in humans and their cats in the urban zone of Guadalajara

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Galván Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Sánchez Vargas ◽  
Marcos Vielma Sandoval ◽  
Juan Luis Soto Mancilla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Urban Zone ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Iga Antibodies

Cats are the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. Infected cats excrete oocysts in their feces, infecting humans and other animals. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in cat owners and their pets, and determine if there was a relationship between Toxoplasma infection and humans who live with infected cats. IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in sera of 59 cat owners were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 24 sera from their cats, IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were found using Burney's ELISA. Thirty-eight (64%) of 59 cat owners were positive to IgG anti-Toxoplasma. Seropositivity for cats was 70.8% IgG, 8.3% IgM, and 62.5% IgA. Cohabitation with cats infected by T. gondii, feeding with leftovers or raw viscera, and lack of control over how their feces were handled are risk factors conducive for humans to become infected by T. gondii.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, PR, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piassa Franciele Rossandra ◽  
Jacqueline Baptista de Araújo ◽  
Ronaldo César da Rosa ◽  
Rodrigo José Mattei ◽  
Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Breeding Farms

Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in pigs all over the world. Economical losses are generally related to reproductive disorders. Toxoplasma infection is also a matter of public health because tissue cysts of the parasite may remain in pork and pork products, and become sources of human infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, in the State of Paraná, Brazil which includes the cities of Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, Sao José das Palmeiras and Sao Pedro do Iguaçu. Relative frequency of infection was 13.4%, independently of the type of farm. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with infection: absence of workers exclusive for each area of the farm, access of other animals to feeders and drinkers, lack of lids in drinkers, lack of rodent control measures, mean piglet number and weight at weaning per female.

scholarly journals Resveratrol-mediated reversal of changes in purinergic signaling and immune response induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection of neural progenitor cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathieli B. Bottari ◽  
Micheli M. Pillat ◽  
Maria R.C. Schetinger ◽  
Karine P. Reichert ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Some observations on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Tizard ◽  
Norman A. Fish ◽  
Joseph P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Dry Conditions

SUMMARYBetween 1961 and 1974, 11934 samples of serum were tested by the Sabin- Feldman Dye test for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.Analysis of high-titred sera suggested that a 6-year cycle of high disease prevalence occurred across Canada. In addition, a decline in the percentage of positive reactions occurred each year in the Fall. The suggestion that this decline was due to dry conditions during the summer months was supported by the observation that differences in the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in ten Canadian cities were related to their average summer rainfall. The significance of these observations in relation to the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this country is discussed. The influence of patient age on the prevalence of infection was also investigated; the results obtained suggested that at least 75% of infants with high antibody titres against T. gondii had obtained these antibodies by placental transfer from their mothers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Structures and Epitopes of Surface Antigen Glycoproteins Expressed in Bradyzoites ofToxoplasma gondii

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Cong ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Qingli Zhang ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Haizi Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Protein Sequence Alignment

Toxoplasma gondiiis a protozoan parasite capable of infecting humans and animals. Surface antigen glycoproteins, SAG2C, -2D, -2X, and -2Y, are expressed on the surface of bradyzoites. These antigens have been shown to protect bradyzoites against immune responses during chronic infections. We studied structures of SAG2C, -2D, -2X, and -2Y proteins using bioinformatics methods. The protein sequence alignment was performed by T-Coffee method. Secondary structural and functional domains were predicted using software PSIPRED v3.0 and SMART software, and 3D models of proteins were constructed and compared using the I-TASSER server, VMD, and SWISS-spdbv. Our results showed that SAG2C, -2D, -2X, and -2Y are highly homologous proteins. They share the same conserved peptides and HLA-I restricted epitopes. The similarity in structure and domains indicated putative common functions that might stimulate similar immune response in hosts. The conserved peptides and HLA-restricted epitopes could provide important insights on vaccine study and the diagnosis of this disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abid Ali ◽  
Talha Omer ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Abdul Haleem ◽  
Maryam Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasma infection is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. During 2018-2020, in the rural areas of three districts of Pakistan, we surveyed a total of 451 animals, belonging to different asymptomatic ruminant species, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. We used ELISA assay as well as recorded some associated risk factors contributing to its transmission. IgM antibodies were detected in 17% and IgG in 13.4% of ruminant samples with the highest percentage, 10% for IgM and 8.6% for IgG in sheep. A strong significant association was found between antibodies and different species (IgM, χ 2 = 29 .280, P = .000 , and IgG, χ 2 = 22.580 , P = .000 ), respectively. Infection with T. gondii seems mainly associated with different geographic features and the presence of cats in the environment, low hygiene water systems and livestock that are mostly dependent on outdoor drinking and grazing. There was no significant association between IgM and age grouping ( χ 2 = 6.660 , P = 0.840 nor for IgG ( χ 2 = 8.136 , P = 0.43 ). The results of this study may be considered the starting point to promote the awareness about parasitic infections in ruminants in Pakistan in order to prevent this infection from further spreading.

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