scholarly journals The Phylogeographic Shortfall in Hexapods: A Lot of Leg Work Remaining

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan D Satler ◽  
Bryan C Carstens ◽  
Ryan C Garrick ◽  
Anahí Espíndola
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Spatial Studies ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Abstract In the 21st century, phylogeography has experienced dramatic growth in the data and methods used by the field. Insect (more generally, hexapod) phylogeography has contributed to major advances and many of the influential papers included hexapods as model systems. In this literature review, we: (i) highlight recent phylogeographic work in hexapod systems, and (ii) identify broader trends and critical future steps in the field. We include a summary of useful methodological approaches and identify the methods used to approach different questions asked in phylogeographic studies. An updated summary of the applications that phylogeography has contributed to the field of entomology, including spatial studies, conservation, systematics, pest control, and invasive species, is included to highlight vital work in the field. Special attention is devoted to investigations which seek to use multi-species data to understand community ecological and evolutionary processes. Finally, we overview the main challenges, opportunities, and emerging areas, highlighting the “phylogeographic shortfall” that exists between the number of described hexapod species vs. the number of species that have been the focus of phylogeographic investigation.

scholarly journals Key Competences, Education for Sustainable Development and Strategies for the Development of 21st Century Skills. A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10366
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos González-Salamanca ◽  
Olga Lucía Agudelo ◽  
Jesús Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
21St Century Skills ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
New Instruments

Skills needed to be successful in the world have changed, and there is a gap between those learned at school and those required to function at work and in society. A broader range of skills is required to learn, communicate, collaborate, and solve problems in digital environments. Twenty-first century skills have been identified by UNESCO, OECD, and others as competences required for a sustainable future of the knowledge society. The aim was to learn the design principles involved in the incorporation of these skills into the curriculum, find out possible ways to teach and assess them, and examine how this process could be personalized using Information and Communications Technology (ICT). A literature review was carried out through a qualitative metasynthesis, which identified 43 studies that met the inclusion criteria. From the in-depth analysis, it can be seen that although the incorporation of 21st century skills into the curriculum, teaching methodologies, and the use of ICT are all recurrent themes, there is still a need for further research into the design and implementation of new instruments for assessment and the ways in which the teaching–learning process can be personalized.

scholarly journals New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Uzlenkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The review systematized the current data on new classes of pharmacological compounds and biologically active substances in the field of radiation protection in Ukraine, as well as abroad. Methodological approaches and the importance of using appropriate animal models in the development of new pharmacological drugs for radiation protection are described, specifically in the cases when it is impossible to conduct full clinical trials on patients. Current views on the division of pharmacological agents into radioprotectors, radiomitigators, and therapeutic radiation protection agents are examined. The changes in the hematopoietic tissue, gastrointestinal tract and neurovascular system that occur after acute radiation exposure are also described. Particular attention is paid to pharmacological agents that can protect against acute exposure to ionizing radiation by limiting the risk of radiation mortality from the hematological and gastrointestinal forms of radiation syndrome. Results of the effectiveness of tolerant antioxidants with a wide spectrum of biological activity as promising agents for the prevention of acute and delayed radiation-induced pathology, in particular, in lung tissue, are presented. Possible molecular mechanisms of the radioprotective effect of pharmacological compounds on experimental models of total and local radiation exposure are discussed. The effectiveness of the therapeutic use of growth factors and recombinant cytokines in acute bone marrow suppression аfter accidental radiation exposure is shown. The possibilities of cell therapy with myeloid progenitor cells mobilized by tocopherol succinate hematopoietic/progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in acute radiation injuries are shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of improving such methodological approaches and regulatory requirements when introducing into practice new radiation protection facilities in Ukraine. Key words: radiation protection, ionizing radiation, pharmacological agents, acute radiation syndrome. For citation: Uzlenkova NE. New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3) :268–77

scholarly journals Literature Review of Renewable Energy Policies and Impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Safwat Kabel ◽  
Mohga Bassim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Renewable Portfolio Standard ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Methodological Approaches

By 2017, 128 countries have adopted renewable energy support policies, compared to just 48 countries in 2005. These policies played a crucial role in helping countries to shift from conventional energy to renewable energy by overcoming the barriers facing the development of renewable energy. This paper reviews the studies, which outlined the policies used by different governments to support the development of renewable energy, which includes: Tax incentives, Loans, Feed-in tariff, and Renewable portfolio standard. The literature review covers different studies that examined the impacts of renewable energy on economic growth, job creation, welfare, CO2 emissions, electricity prices, and fuel imports. Researches have used different methodological approaches, different periods, and different countries to examine the impacts of renewable energy. The studies found that the policies used were essential to shift to renewable energy substantially reduced carbon emission, and the majority concluded that renewable energy has a positive correlation with economic growth, job creation and welfare

scholarly journals Telenursing as a New Nursing Paradigm in the 21 Century: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Afik ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nursing Service ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Nursing Services ◽  
Physical Limitations

Nursing is a part of health services that serves individuals, groups and communities. In this 21st century the need for nursing services has changed rapidly and in a complex manner. Physical limitations, is on should to be considered, while the implementation and maintenance of patient-centered service infrastructure still have to be recked. The aim of this literature review is to identify the role of telenursing in nursing services for patients. This language method uses literature reviews which are summaries of 10 articles in the publication years of 2019, 2020, and 2021 on 3 search databases, namely Scopus, Science Direct, and SAGE. This review used the new Joanna Briggs Institute and Prisma. The eligibility of these studies were from its title, abstract, research methodology, results, and discussion. The results of the review were presented in narrative form. The results of a review of 10 articles found that the form of nursing services with telenursing could prove long-distance service, time efficiency and funding allocation, but in terms of quality it had been not satisfactory related to its physical implementation of nursing service. Conclusion: The nursing paradigm in the 21st century global era has been developed with the help of technology to meet the needs of distance efficiency and cost limitations. Thus, telenursing is a solution to answer these challenges.

scholarly journals Participatory Ergonomics in Industrially Developing Countries: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Priyoko Prayitnoadi R ◽  
Glyn Lawson ◽  
Setia Hermawati ◽  
Brendan Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Participatory Ergonomics ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Participatory ergonomics (PE), the origins of which can be traced back to the western ergonomics approach, is an approach that focuses on involving workers to improve safety and health at their workplace. This paper has presented a literature review of studies concerning PE, the methodological approaches used to study PE and PE in industrial developing countries (IDCs). The paper has also explained factors which would seem to pose an extra challenge in applying PE in IDCs and Indonesia. The purpose of this was to provide the reader with a view of how the development of participatory ergonomics today possibly can help solve the problem of occupational safety in small-medium size enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia.

Multicultural Orientations for 21st Century Global Leadership

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Olusegun Atiku ◽  
Ziska Fields
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
International Assignments ◽  
Vertical Development

Multicultural orientation is an important focus area in developing managers for international assignments. This chapter extends the frontier of knowledge on the benefits of developing multicultural orientations in line with business and stakeholders' needs in the global economy. A brief literature review was conducted on multicultural orientations and global leadership effectiveness in the 21st century. It was found that multicultural learning experiences and communication skills, deep self-awareness, multiple intelligences and sensitivity to cultural diversity, humility, cautious honesty, global strategic thinking and good negotiating skills are necessary in the 21st century. The managerial relevance of this chapter centres on further research and development of global psychological capital, vertical development of bigger minds and multiple intelligences to navigate in the midst of volatilities, uncertainties, complexities and ambiguities in the 21st century.

Globalization and Teacher Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 1443-1462
Author(s):  
Esther Ntuli ◽  
Arnold Nyarambi ◽  
Joachim Jack Agamba ◽  
Victor Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Teacher Preparation Programs ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Content Preparation

This chapter examines the challenges to 21st century content preparation and pedagogy from the perspective of teaching professionals from different African countries: Cameroon, Ghana, South Africa, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Specifically, the chapter explores the views and experiences of the participants during and after teacher preparation programs. Findings reveal common challenges, specific 21st century skills that are overlooked, and those not yet fully integrated in teacher preparation programs. The chapter offers suggestions for improvement based on the views of participants, research-based literature review, and best practices in teacher preparation programs.

Understanding of Leadership in Distance Education Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Gülay Ekren ◽  
Serçin Karataş ◽  
Uğur Demiray
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Educational Leadership ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Education Leadership ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Special Area

Today, distance education institutions are different from other traditional organizational structures because they require a virtual structuring. Therefore, the concept and practice of educational leadership is considered as a special area in distance education management process. As a requirement of 21st century, distance education leadership has been seen as a matter or necessity to be developed and to be investigated in the management of distance education. In this chapter, it is aimed to bring the insights of various researchers to define characteristics or qualifications of leadership in distance education, which are or should be different from traditional educational leadership through a literature review relevant to leadership and theories in leadership, educational leadership, and distance education leadership.

Multicultural Orientations for 21st Century Global Leadership

2017 ◽  
pp. 28-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Olusegun Atiku ◽  
Ziska Fields
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
International Assignments ◽  
Vertical Development

Multicultural orientation is an important focus area in developing managers for international assignments. This chapter extends the frontier of knowledge on the benefits of developing multicultural orientations in line with business and stakeholders' needs in the global economy. A brief literature review was conducted on multicultural orientations and global leadership effectiveness in the 21st century. It was found that multicultural learning experiences and communication skills, deep self-awareness, multiple intelligences and sensitivity to cultural diversity, humility, cautious honesty, global strategic thinking and good negotiating skills are necessary in the 21st century. The managerial relevance of this chapter centres on further research and development of global psychological capital, vertical development of bigger minds and multiple intelligences to navigate in the midst of volatilities, uncertainties, complexities and ambiguities in the 21st century.

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