Assessment of Protein Quality Methodology for Infant Formulas

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Geraldine Vaughan Mitchell ◽  
Mamie Young Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Net Protein

Abstract Rat bioassay was used to assess the protein quality of powdered infant formulas and to evaluate the feasibility of using modified casein diets (containing the same source and level of fat and carbohydrate contributed by the infant formulas) as reference standards. Modification of the casein diet to match the milk-based formulas caused a significant reduction in weekly protein efficiency ratios (PER) and net protein ratios (NPR) at the third and fourth weeks. Modification of the casein diet to simulate the soy-based formulas had no significant effect on NPR values; PER values were more varied. When PER and NPR values of the powdered milk-based formulas were expressed relative to the unmodified reference standard, the relative values were lower than when each matched reference was used. With few exceptions, the relative weekly PER values of the soy-based formulas were similar regardless of the standard used. The relative NPR values of the formulas had a pattern similar to the relative PER values. The data indicate that protein quality evaluation of infant formulas using rat bioassay warrants the use of matched casein reference diets for each type of formula.

A new method to evaluate interlacing yarns

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 838-846
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yinlan Zhan ◽  
Leon Yao
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
Test Algorithm

The theory of purification is proposed in this article. Based on the framework of this theory, several models can be built to give a synthetic quality evaluation of interlacing yarns. In this paper, three models are given. The first one is the most popular method to evaluate the quality of interlacing yarn and we can prove it meets the theory of purification. The second one is modified according to the coefficient of variation. The third one is a new evaluation method. Meanwhile, we give a test algorithm to compare the degree of reflecting common cognition of the three models. From the result of comparison and analysis, the new evaluation method is recommended. It has a comparatively complete evaluation value for every state in universe M. Compared to other modeling methods, this method can give every level of interlacing yarn a relatively pertinent evaluation.

Biological protein quality and phytic acid content of domesticallyprocessed kidney beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Modgil ◽  
K. Mankotia ◽  
Ranjana Verma ◽  
Anupama Sandal
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Net Protein

Effect of domestic processing techniques i.e. soaking, sprouting and cooking was seen on the anti nutrient constituents of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Biological protein quality of sprouted and cooked grains was also estimated. Anti nutrient analyzed was phytic acid. Phytate phosphorus and non phytate phosphorus content was also estimated. Rats were fed on domestically processed kidney beans for estimation of protein efficiency ratio(PER), food efficiency ratio(FER) ,apparent protein digestibility(APD), true protein digestibility(TPD), Biological value(BV), net protein utilization(NPU) and net protein retention (NPR). Cooking of kidney beans resulted in a significant decrease in phytic acid and phytate phosphorus content as compared to sprouting. Sprouting and cooking resulted in an increase in FER and PER. Cooking resulted in an increase in biological protein quality of kidney beans. Domestically processed kidney beans have better biological protein quality.

scholarly journals Protein quality of autoclaved cowpea varieties as influenced by anti-nutritional factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
D. B. Oke ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
M. O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Cowpea Variety

One hundred and ten (110) weanling male winstar strain rats were used to determine the protein efficiency ration (PER) and net protein ration (NPR) of five cowpea samples. PER ranged from 1.06 in IT 81D-1137 to 1.91 in 1784E-1-108 while values in autoclaved samples ranged from 1.55 in IT81D-1137 to 2.78 in 1784E-1-108. for NPR, raw samples gave values that ranged between 2.44 and 3.57 in 1781D-1137 and 1784E-1-108 respectively. Autoclaved samples gave NPR values that ranged from 2.72 to 4.47 in IT 8ID-1137 and IT84E-1-108 respectively. In the raw and autoclaved cowpea diets, trypsin inhibitor, lectin and tannic acid were negatively correlated with PER and NPR while HCN and phytic acid had positive relationship with these indicators of protein quality. In autoclaved samples cowpea variety IT84E-1-108 had the highest PER and NPR values showing that it would support growth to a reasonable extent.

Methods of Comparing Protein Quality of Soybean Infant Formulas in the Rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Harkins ◽  
Herbert P. Sarett
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Infant Formulas

scholarly journals Use of Amino Acid Profiles of Pretermand Term Human Milks in Evaluating Scoring Patterns for Routine Protein Quality Assessment of Infant Formulas

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Pauline Darling ◽  
Mariko Ujiie ◽  
Herbert G Botting ◽  
Paul B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Reports on the amino acid composition of human milk vary considerably with respect to concentrations of sulfur amino acids. Often, analyses forego tryptophan determination. A complete analysis of protein and amino acid concentrations was performed on human milk samples (5-10 days postpartum) collected from mothers of preterm (gestations of 25-32 weeks) and term (gestations of >36 weeks) infants. Careful attention was given to quantitate amino acids such as cysteine and tryptophan, which are vulnerable to acidic hydrolysis conditions. Differences in concentrations of total amino acids (expressed on protein basis) between preterm and term milks were small, despite the higher true protein content of preterm milk versus term milk (19.20 versus 12.60 g/L). The methionine + cyst(e)ine contents of term and preterm milks (3.72-3.84 g/100 g protein) were comparable with those reported in 1991 by the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) for mature human milk (4.20 g/100 g protein) but higher than those reported in 1991 by the European Commission (2.9 g/100 g protein).The amino acid pattern of human milk obtained in this study confirms that the 1991 FAO/WHO amino acid scoring pattern for predicting protein quality of infant formulas is representative of the amino acid quality of both preterm and term human milks.

scholarly journals Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanhong Kong ◽  
Wenli Zhang ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Haowen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Standard Operating

Background: We established a glioma biobank at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in November, 2010.Specialized staffs have been trained to collect, store and manage the biobank in accordance with standard operating procedures. Methods: One hundred samples were selected to evaluate the quality of glioma samples stored in the liquid nitrogen tank during different periods (from 2011 to 2015) by morphological examination, RNA integrity determination, DNA integrity determination, housekeeping gene expression and protein integrity determination. Results: The majority of samples (95%) remain high RNA quality for further analysis with RIN≥6. All samples remain high DNA and protein quality without significant degradation. Conclusion: Storage conditions of our biobank are suitable for long-term (at least 5 years) sample preservation with high molecular quality.

scholarly journals Production and Quality Evaluation of Water Yam: Sesame Based Snack (Akuto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Adeniyi ◽  
J. K. Ikya ◽  
Mohamed Ikagu Yusufu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Net Protein Utilisation ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Water Yam

Akuto is an old delicacy in Benue State. This nutritious delicacy has gone into extinction due to the emergence of new food products. An attempt has been made to convert this delicacy into high protein snacks using water yam tuber and sesame seeds. Boiled water yam tuber and toasted sesame seeds were blended in different proportions (A-100:0, B-90:10, C-80:20, D-70:30, E-60:40, F-50:50) to produce Akuto snack. Products were analyzed for proximate composition, sensory and protein quality evaluation using rat assay. Results indicated that Sample A (100% water yam) has highest acceptability from the sensory evaluation. There was significant increase in protein content with the inclusion of toasted sesame seed with values ranging from 5.06 to 20.08%. Protein Efficiency ratio (PER) also increased with sesame supplementation and group F had highest value 3.03. Biological Value (BV) and Net Protein Utilisation (NPU) was highest in reference diet group (G) 96.76% and 93.00% followed by test diet group (F) 77.85% and 55.91% respectively.

scholarly journals Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanhong Kong ◽  
Wenli Zhang ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Haowen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Standard Operating

Background: We established a glioma biobank at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in November, 2010.Specialized staffs have been trained to collect, store and manage the biobank in accordance with standard operating procedures. Methods: One hundred samples were selected to evaluate the quality of glioma samples stored in the liquid nitrogen tank during different periods (from 2011 to 2015) by morphological examination, RNA integrity determination, DNA integrity determination, housekeeping gene expression and protein integrity determination. Results: The majority of samples (95%) remain high RNA quality for further analysis with RIN≥6. All samples remain high DNA and protein quality without significant degradation. Conclusion: Storage conditions of our biobank are suitable for long-term (at least 5 years) sample preservation with high molecular quality.

The effect of methods of sterilization on the nutritive value of protein in a commercial rat diet

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Complete Protein ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acids

1. The effect on protein quality of treating a commercial rat diet by autoclaving at various temperatures for different periods of time, or by irradiation with 2.5 or 10 Mrd, was studied. True digestibility (TD) and biological value (BV) were measured and the available and total amino acids in the diets were estimated using microbiological and chemical methods..2. Autoclaving at 121° for 60 min reduced BV, TD and net protein utilization (NPU) more than autoclaving at 134° for 3 min. Availability of amino acids was reduced by both treatments but to a greater extent by autoclaving at 121° for 60 min. Total amino acids were essentially unaffected. Irradiation had no effect on BV, TD, NPU or total amino acids, and the availability of amino acids was also unaffected, with the exception of lysine which was slightly reduced..3. When the diet was autoclaved at 115 or 121° for 15, 30 or 60 min, or at 134° for 3 min the availability of the amino acids was reduced with increasing time and temperature of treatment. Treatment at 134° for 3 min had an effect on available amino acids similar to treatment at 121° for 15 or 30 min..4. Ethylene oxide fumigation of the diet caused reduced availability of histidine, methionine and tryptophan but had negligible effect on arginine, leucine and lysine..5. It is concluded that from a practical point of view irradiation causes least damage to proteins in rodent diets. If such diets are to be autoclaved they should be supplemented with complete protein to counteract amino acid destruction.

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