scholarly journals Production and Quality Evaluation of Water Yam: Sesame Based Snack (Akuto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Adeniyi ◽  
J. K. Ikya ◽  
Mohamed Ikagu Yusufu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Net Protein Utilisation ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Water Yam

Akuto is an old delicacy in Benue State. This nutritious delicacy has gone into extinction due to the emergence of new food products. An attempt has been made to convert this delicacy into high protein snacks using water yam tuber and sesame seeds. Boiled water yam tuber and toasted sesame seeds were blended in different proportions (A-100:0, B-90:10, C-80:20, D-70:30, E-60:40, F-50:50) to produce Akuto snack. Products were analyzed for proximate composition, sensory and protein quality evaluation using rat assay. Results indicated that Sample A (100% water yam) has highest acceptability from the sensory evaluation. There was significant increase in protein content with the inclusion of toasted sesame seed with values ranging from 5.06 to 20.08%. Protein Efficiency ratio (PER) also increased with sesame supplementation and group F had highest value 3.03. Biological Value (BV) and Net Protein Utilisation (NPU) was highest in reference diet group (G) 96.76% and 93.00% followed by test diet group (F) 77.85% and 55.91% respectively.

Assessment of Protein Quality Methodology for Infant Formulas

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Geraldine Vaughan Mitchell ◽  
Mamie Young Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Net Protein

Abstract Rat bioassay was used to assess the protein quality of powdered infant formulas and to evaluate the feasibility of using modified casein diets (containing the same source and level of fat and carbohydrate contributed by the infant formulas) as reference standards. Modification of the casein diet to match the milk-based formulas caused a significant reduction in weekly protein efficiency ratios (PER) and net protein ratios (NPR) at the third and fourth weeks. Modification of the casein diet to simulate the soy-based formulas had no significant effect on NPR values; PER values were more varied. When PER and NPR values of the powdered milk-based formulas were expressed relative to the unmodified reference standard, the relative values were lower than when each matched reference was used. With few exceptions, the relative weekly PER values of the soy-based formulas were similar regardless of the standard used. The relative NPR values of the formulas had a pattern similar to the relative PER values. The data indicate that protein quality evaluation of infant formulas using rat bioassay warrants the use of matched casein reference diets for each type of formula.

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Unripe Plantain, Moringa Seed and Defatted Sesame Seed Cookies

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Mopelola Ajoke Sodipo ◽  
Matthew O. Oluwamukomi ◽  
Zianab A. Oderinde ◽  
Olugbenga O. Awolu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Net Protein

Cookies are widely consumed all over the world and can bring important nutrients, especially to children. Composite ours consisting of plantain, moringa seed and sesame seeds were used to produce cookies in this study. Response surface methodology was employed in setting up the cookie's formulation. The samples with the best protein and fibre contents were sample F (71.34% plantain, 6.66% moringa and 22.00% sesame seed, with 14.08% protein and 3.02% fibre) and sample I (68.00% plantain, 10.00% moringa and 22.00% sesame seed, with 14.35% protein and 2.29% fibre). Cookies from 100% wheat flour were prepared as control. The protein, fat, ash and crude fibre contents of formulated cookies were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than control, whereas carbohydrate content was lower. There was no significant difference between the formulated cookies and the control in terms of overall acceptability, aroma and crunchiness. The formulated cookies showed higher biological value, net protein utilization, true digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and protein retention efficiency than control, resulting in a significant increase in rat growth and development. The composite cookies containing unripe plantain, moringa seed and defatted sesame, at the blending ratio obtained in this study showed better nutritional quality than control cookies. These composite cookies, therefore, would be suitable for mitigating protein energy malnutrition in children.

Protein quality evaluation in vivo of cricket flour (Gryllus assimilis) reared in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R.R.S. Araújo ◽  
M.M.A. Fagundes ◽  
A.M.F. Viana ◽  
A.H.S. Paulino ◽  
M.E. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Utilisation ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Net Protein Utilisation ◽  
Net Protein

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and biological quality of Gryllus assimilis flour, through the analysis of nutritional and biochemical parameters of tests on young rats (Rattus norvegicus – Fischer). The most deficient essential amino acid was methionine, with a chemical score of 56.40%. For the net protein ratio (NPR) and net protein utilisation (NPU) ratio, the diet containing unsupplemented cricket flour was not enough to reach the NPR and NPU levels of the control group and was insufficient to promote weight gain in the rats. The addition of methionine and wheat bran increased the digestibility of the cricket flour, which resulted in a significant improvement in the levels of cricket protein utilisation, increasing the rates mentioned above and promoting weight gain in the rats. Based on our results, we can state that considering the age of the study animals, cricket meal was a sufficient source of protein for maintenance of body weight, but not for weight gain. Based on biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, urea), the cricket meal did not compromise the general health of the study animals. We therefore conclude that the addition of other sources of methionine to cricket flour can be a fundamental strategy for better use of cricket proteins in the diet.

Protein Quality Evaluation of Cooked Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) Meats

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Hwang ◽  
Jin-Hwa Lee ◽  
Hong-Soo Ryu ◽  
Nam-Gyu Park ◽  
Soon-Sil Chun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY ANTIBIOTICS ON NITROGEN, AMINO ACID AND ENERGY DIGESTION BY RATS AND ADULT ROOSTERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. CAMPBELL ◽  
B. O. EGGUM ◽  
J. WOLSTRUP
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Neomycin Sulfate ◽  
Net Protein

The influence of antibiotics (a 2:1 mixture of bacitracin and neomycin sulfate at 0.7% of the diet) on the availability of energy from barley-fishmeal-based diets was assessed using rats and adult roosters. Changes in estimates of protein quality, as influenced by dietary antibiotics were also determined in the study with rats. Gut biomass content was estimated by measuring the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in gut samples of rats and fresh excreta samples of roosters. Antibiotic addition to the diet significantly (P < 0.01) reduced apparent digestible energy in rats and tended to reduce the true metabolizable energy measured with roosters. Biological value of the protein for rats was increased significantly (P < 0.01) by antibiotics as were net protein utilization values even though true digestibility of protein was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The availability of some amino acids (e.g. histidine) showed a marked depression (12.1 percentage units) when antibiotics were added to the diet while others were not influenced (e.g. lysine and methionine) or markedly (7.6 percentage units) increased (e.g. alanine). The extent of microbial activity, which was shown to be markedly higher in the hindgut of rats fed no antibiotics as compared to rats fed antibiotics, may have contributed to the positive influence of antibiotic feeding on biological value of dietary protein and to the changes noted in excretion of amino acids by rats and roosters. Key words: Antibiotics, Nitrogen, amino acids, energy, rats, rosters

Nutritional and protein quality evaluation of thermally treated seeds of Canavalia maritima in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahadevan Seena ◽  
Kandikere R. Sridhar ◽  
Saraf R. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Thermally Treated

scholarly journals Net protein contribution of beef feedlots from 2006 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R Baber ◽  
Jason E Sawyer ◽  
Ben P Holland ◽  
Kendall J Karr ◽  
Alyssa B Word ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Edible Protein

Abstract: Feedlot efficiency increases as technologies are adopted and new feed ingredients, especially byproducts, become available and incorporated into diets. Byproduct availability increased in response to the renewable fuels standard of 2005, creating substantial amounts of feedstuffs best used by ruminants. Cereal grains have been partially replaced with human-inedible byproducts, as they provide comparable levels of energy in cattle diets. To evaluate the effects of changes in diet and feedlot production practices on net protein contribution (NPC) and human-edible protein conversion efficiency (HePCE) across time, a deterministic NPC model was used. NPC was assessed for the feedlot industry using lot level production data from 2006 to 2017 for eight commercial feedlots. Ingredient and nutrient composition was collected for a representative starter and finisher diet fed for each year from each feedlot. NPC was calculated by multiplying human-edible protein (HeP) in beef produced per unit of HeP in feed by the protein quality ratio (PQR). Systems with NPC &gt;1 positively contribute to meeting human protein requirements; NPC &lt; 1 indicates competition with humans for HeP. NPC was regressed on year to evaluate temporal change in NPC. Feedlots were categorized as increasing NPC (INC; slope &gt; 0) or constant NPC (CON; slope = 0) according to regression parameter estimates. Four feedlots were categorized as INC and four were CON. The rate of change in PQR was similar for CON and INC (P ≥ 0.79), although rates of change among INC and CON differed for byproduct and cereal grain inclusion (P ≤ 0.01) across years evaluated. Feedlots categorized as INC reduced HeP consumed by 2.39% per year, but CON feedlots did not reduce HeP consumed each year (0.28%). Cattle received and shipped by INC were lighter than those in CON feedlots (P &lt; 0.01). Across years, INC produced more HeP (20.9 vs. 19.2 kg/hd) than CON (P &lt; 0.01), and both feedlot types tended to improve HeP gained over time (0.1 kg per year; P = 0.10). Differences in slope over time for INC and CON were observed for conversion efficiency of HeP (P &lt; 0.01). NPC increased 0.027 units per year for INC (P &lt; 0.01) and was 0.94 in 2017. NPC by the feedlot sector improved from 2006 to 2017, decreasing the amount of human-edible feeds required to produce more high-quality protein from beef.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activities of Sesame Seed Extract and its Constituents against β-Secretase

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Matsumura ◽  
Kazuya Murata ◽  
Nobuhiro Zaima ◽  
Yuri Yoshioka ◽  
Masanori Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Absorption Experiment ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
The Brain

The need for a preventive agent against dementia led us to screen natural plant resources. Among the herbs and spices tested, sesame seed prepared from Sesamum indicum seeds showed potent β-secretase inhibitory activity. The active principles were determined to be sesamin and sesamolin, typical lignans in S. indicum. The IC50 values of sesamin and sesamolin were 257 and 140 μM, respectively. These compounds were investigated in a preliminary absorption experiment. After oral administration, these compounds were detected in an intact form in the brain and serum. These results suggest that consumption of sesame seeds may prevent dementia by sesamin and sesamolin, the constituents in sesame seeds.

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