Automated Determination of Ethanol and Wine Extract with Precision Density Meter, Automatic Sampler, and Programmable Calculator

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-711
Author(s):  
Jerry R Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Programmable Calculator ◽  
Wine Sample ◽  
Automatic Sampler ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract Use of density meters has become the preferred method in many alcohol beverage laboratories to determine the concentration of ethanol in wines and spirits. Density converted to SG (20/20) is also the basis of an official AOAC method to determine extract of wine. Automation of the latter procedure is inhibited by the necessity to access AOAC Table 52.008 to convert SG (20/20) of the dealcoholized wine sample to percentage of sucrose by weight. The author reduced the most commonly used portion of that table (1-30% sucrose by weight) to a third degree polynomial, enabling the use of a density meter, an automatic sampler, and a computer or programmable calculator to automatically determine alcoholic content and wine extract from a sample of wine and its distillate. The absolute error between AOAC Table 52.008 and the author’s polynomial equation is less than ± 0.002 percentage of sucrose by weight for the range 1-30% sucrose by weight.

scholarly journals Rapid Determination of Methyl Salicylate and Menthol in Activating Collaterals Oil by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Yao Wanqing ◽  
Peng Mengxia ◽  
Chen Ziyun ◽  
Wang Yanxia ◽  
Lin Tao
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Model ◽  
The Absolute

The near infrared spectra of 10 kinds of commercial collaterals oil samples were collected by liquid transmission analysis module, and the contents of methyl salicylate and menthol in collaterals oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The quantitative analysis model of methyl salicylate content (model 1) and menthol content (model 2) was established by correlating spectral information with measured values by partial least square method (PLS) in chemometrics. Model 1 was used to detect the content of methyl salicylate in activating oil. The predicted results showed that the absolute error was in the range of -0.098~0.082%, and the relative error was in the range of -9.986~8.195%. Model 2 was used to detect menthol in activating collaterals oil. The predicted results showed that the absolute error was in the range of -0.173~0.194%, and the relative error was in the range of -7.25~9.69%. A new method for rapid and accurate determination of methyl salicylate and menthol in activating collaterals oil was established.

Error Estimation For The Methods Of Correlated colour Temperature Calculation

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Prytkov ◽  
Maxim V. Kolyadin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Binary Search Algorithm ◽  
The Absolute

To date, a lot of methods have been developed for calculating correlated colour temperature (CCT). There are both numerical solutions (Robertson’s method, Yoshi Ohno method, binary search algorithm) and analytical (Javier Hernandez-Andres’s method, McCamy’s method). At the same time, the information about their accuracy is of a segmental fragmentary nature, therefore, it is very difficult to develop recommendations for the application of methods for certain radiators. In this connection, it seems extremely interesting to compare the error of the most well-known CCT calculating methods, using a single universal approach. The paper proposes an algorithm for researching the error of the methods for calculating correlated colour temperature, based on the method for plotting lines of constant CCT of a given length. Temperatures corresponding to these lines are taken as true, and the chromaticity lying on them are used as input data for the researched method. The paper proposes an approach when first the distribution of the error in the entire range of determination of CCT is determined, followed by bilinear interpolation for the required chromaticity. Using this approach, the absolute errors of the following methods for calculating CCT: McCamy, Javier Hernandez, Robertson, and Yoshi Ohno were estimated. The error was estimated in the range occupied by quadrangles of possible values from ANSI C78.377 chromaticity standard, developed by American National Standards Institute for LED lamps for indoor lightning. The tabular and graphical distribution of the absolute error for each investigated method was presented in the range of (2000–7000) K. In addition, to clarify the applicability of the methods for calculating CCT of the sky, the calculation of the distribution of the relative error up to 100000 K was performed. The results of the study can be useful for developers of standards and measurement procedures and for software developers of measuring equipment.

Closed-Form Solution to the Noncoplanar P4P Problem for Uncalibrated Camera

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Yang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Affine Transformation ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination

This paper presents a closed-form solution to determination of the position and orientation of a perspective camera with two unknown effective focal lengths for the noncoplanar perspective four point (P4P) problem. Given four noncoplanar 3D points and their correspondences in image coordinate, we convert perspective transformation to affine transformation, and formulate the problem using invariance to 3D affine transformation and arrive to a closed-form solution. We show how the noncoplanar P4P problem is cast into the problem of solving an eighth degree polynomial equation in one unknown. This result shows the noncoplanar P4P problem with two unknown effective focal lengths has at most 8 solutions. Last, we confirm the conclusion by an example. Although developed as part of landmark-guided navigation, the solution might well be used for landmark-based tracking problem, hand-eye coordination, and for fast determination of interior and exterior camera parameters. Because our method is based on closed-form solution, its speed makes it a potential candidate for solving above problems.

Automated Determination of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in Pharmaceutical Preparations

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1164-1167
Author(s):  
Omer Pelletier ◽  
RenÉ Brassard
Keyword(s):  
Liver Extract ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Thiamine Content ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract The chemical principles used for the determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations by the official USP and AOAC methods were adapted to an automated flowthrough analyzer. The system could analyze 20 samples (including blanks) per hour. Thiamine extracts from 12 different multivitamin preparations were analyzed by one analyst on 5 different days by the automated method and the AOAC method. Both methods yielded comparable values for 10 of the preparations. The thiamine content of 2 preparations containing liver extract was found to be about 9% higher by the automated method than by the AOAC method. Further analysis of other samples of these 2 preparations containing liver extract showed that chromatography on Decalso did not change the results obtained by the automated method, but raised the results obtained by the manual method to a level comparable to the automated method. The AOAC method showed a tendency for a slightly higher reproducibility of assays.

Automated Determination of Zoalene in Feeds

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Howard L Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Color Reaction ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Automatic Correction ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Mixing Noise ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract Elimination of 5 steps (a quantitative wash, dilution to 100 nil, spiking an aliquot, evaporation to dryness, and dissolution in dimcthylformamide) in the official AOAC method for Zoalene in feeds and automation of the color reaction with cthylenediaminc using Technicon equipment has increased speed and precision several fold without significantly changing the chemistry of the AOAC method. A sampling rate of 80 analyses per hour with nearly steady state peak heights, good resolution hetween peaks, and low mixing noise was achieved hy using modified fittings and compressed gas for solution segmentation. A differential colorimeter provides automatic correction for feed blanks.

Polarity Determination in Sphalerite and Wurtzite Structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Polar Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polarity Determination ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The determination of the absolute polarity of a polar material is often crucial to the understanding of the defects which occur in such materials. Several methods exist by which this determination may be performed. In bulk, single-domain specimens, macroscopic techniques may be used, such as the different etching behavior, using the appropriate etchant, of surfaces with opposite polarity. X-ray measurements under conditions where Friedel’s law (which means that the intensity of reflections from planes of opposite polarity are indistinguishable) breaks down can also be used to determine the absolute polarity of bulk, single-domain specimens. On the microscopic scale, and particularly where antiphase boundaries (APBs), which separate regions of opposite polarity exist, electron microscopic techniques must be employed. Two techniques are commonly practised; the first [1], involves the dynamical interaction of hoLz lines which interfere constructively or destructively with the zero order reflection, depending on the crystal polarity. The crystal polarity can therefore be directly deduced from the relative intensity of these interactions.

An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Ammonia in Tobacco

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Collins ◽  
W.W. Lawrence ◽  
J.F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Tobacco Sample ◽  
Automated Determination

AbstractA procedure for the automated determination of ammonia in tobacco has been developed. Ammonia is extracted from the ground tobacco sample with water and is determined with a Technicon Auto Analyser system which employs separation of the ammonia through volatilization followed by colourimetry using the phenate-hypochlorite reaction. The procedure has been applied to a variety of tobaccos containing from 0.02 to 0.5 % ammonia with an overall relative standard deviation of 2 %. The accuracy of the procedure as judged by recovery tests and by comparison to a manual distillation method is considered adequate

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