Performance of Two Immunochemical Assays in the Analysis of Peanuts for Aflatoxin at 37 Field Laboratories

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe W Dorner ◽  
Paul D Blankenship ◽  
Richard J Cole
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Rapid Assay ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A study was conducted to measure the precision of 2 rapid aflatoxin assay systems in use at 37 peanut buying points during the 1991 harvest season. Aflatoxin laboratories were established at the 37 buying points to analyze peanut samples from all incoming farmers’ stock loads as part of a joint project sponsored by various segments of the U.S. peanut industry and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Eighteen laboratories were equipped with Neogen’s veratox FSP rapid assay system, whereas 19 laboratories used Vicam’s Aflatest rapid assay system. To monitor the performance of the field laboratories during the project, 3 portions of each of six 27 kg samples of ground peanuts were sent to each laboratory for analysis over a period of 6 weeks. Aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 0 to 300 ng/g when eight 200 g subsamples of each sample were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC). For the 5 samples contaminated with aflatoxin, relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) for laboratories using veratox FSP ranged from 18.66 to 53.29%, and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 22.79 to 59.29%. For laboratories using the Aflatest system, RSDr values ranged from 18.70 to 41.48%, and RSDR values ranged from 23.84 to 47.56%. Horwitz ratios < 2.0 were found for 4 of the 5 contaminated samples for both methods, indicating that the overall precision of the 2 methods used in the project was good. Mean aflatoxin concentrations, as determined with the rapid assay systems, were generally lower than those determined by LC, particularly for more highly contaminated samples. This could not be attributed to instability of aflatoxin in peanut paste, because additional information gathered in the study indicated that the stability of aflatoxin in peanut paste stored for 58 days was good.

Determination of Total Taurine in Pet Foods by Liquid Chromatography of the Dansyl Derivative: Collaborative Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran McCarthy ◽  
Claudia Hischenhuber ◽  
Neil Joyce ◽  
G Cherix ◽  
C Hischenhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Taurine Concentration ◽  
Dansyl Derivative ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of total taurine in pet foods was evaluated in a collaborative study. Ten laboratories assayed 6 blind duplicate pairs of wet and dry pet foods. The taurine in the 6 sample pairs ranged from low (170 mg/kg) to high (2250 mg/kg) concentrations as is. Collaborators also assayed a sample of known taurine concentration for familiarization purposes. Samples were hydrolyzed to release bound taurine, which was subsequently converted to the dansyl derivative and quantitated by gradient-elution LC with fluorescence detection. Repeatability relative standard deviations, RSDr, ranged from 3.2 to 10.0%; reproducibility relative standard deviations, RSDR, ranged from 6.1 to 16.1%. The method has been adopted Official First Action status by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Animal Tissues: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-841
Author(s):  
James D Macneil ◽  
John R Patterson ◽  
Adrian C Fesser ◽  
Valerie K Martz
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Analytical methods for pentachlorophenol (PCP) residues In edible animal tissue have been reviewed, with particular reference to gas chromatographic methods of analysis. Results of analyses demonstrate that significant residues of PCP can persist for several weeks In animals exposed to contaminated bedding. National surveys In Canada have found that the incidence of PCP residues In pork in excess of 0.1 ppm was reduced from 32% of survey samples In 1981- 1982 to 6.6% of samples tested In 1987-1988. An Interlaboratory sample exchange among Canadian laboratories demonstrated that the PCP analytical method currently used by Agriculture Canada could be successfully transferred to other laboratories. An exchange of samples between regulatory laboratories of Agriculture Canada and the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) demonstrated equivalency of results for the 2 methods currently used in the respective laboratories, with relative standard deviations for analytical results ranging from 4.4 to 22.2%.

scholarly journals Determination of Naringin and Neohesperidin in Orange Juice by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection to Detect the Presence of Grapefruit Juice: Collaborative Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur Widmer ◽  
A Brause ◽  
E Coppola ◽  
K Daniels ◽  
R Feicht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Grapefruit Juice ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations

Abstract Fifteen collaborating laboratories were sent 9 samples of citrus juice mixtures as blind duplicates for determination of naringin and neohesperidin by liquid chromatography. Two sample pairs were 100% orange juice and did not contain any naringin or neohesperidin. The remaining 7 sample pairs contained naringin at levels ranging from 3.9 to 46.5 ppm and neohesperidin at levels ranging from 0.14 to 35.6 ppm. Five sample pairs consisted of orange juice mixtures containing 1, 3, and 5% grapefruit juice; 5% sour orange; and 5% K-Early citrus variety. Two sample pairs were orange juice spiked with naringin, neohesperidin, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate. Data were received from 13 laboratories. Data from 1 collaborator were eliminated because the method protocol was not followed. Neohesperidin values from another laboratory were also not used because of problems with a coeluting component. Repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 2.95 to 15.23% for naringin and from 3.00 to 11.74% for neohesperidin. Reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 11.34 to 31.94% for naringin and from 10.45 to 26.17% for neohesperidin. The method is reliable for detecting the presence of grapefruit juice in orange juice as indicated by a finding of ≥10 ppm naringin and ≤2 ppm neohesperidin. The method was adopted First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

scholarly journals Improved Determination of Mercury Complex with Thiomicher’s Ketone by β-Correction Spectrophotometry

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Gao ◽  
Sheng-Yi Zhang ◽  
Su-Mei Ye
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constant ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Mercury Complex ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

Abstract Determination of the mercury complex formed with Thiomicher's ketone (TMK) was improved by β-correction spectrophotometry in the presence of a nonionic surfactant at pH 5. The complex formed was Hg(TMK)2, and its true molar absorptivity is reported for the first time: εHg(TMK)2560 = 1.04 × 105 L/mol·cm. In addition, the stability constant of Hg(TMK)2 was equal to 3.64 × 1010 at an ion strength of 0.01 at 20°C. Results from analyses of wastewater samples showed that the relative standard deviations were ≤8.3%, and the recoveries of mercury ranged from 90 to 110%.

scholarly journals Opportunities to improve the accuracy of the United States Department of Agriculture beef yield grade equation through precision agriculture1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1216-1223
Author(s):  
Jerad R Jaborek ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Steven J Moeller ◽  
Henry N Zerby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Beef Carcass

Abstract The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) yield grade (YG) equation is used to predict the retail yield of beef carcasses, which facilitates a more accurate payment for cattle when they are sold on a grid pricing system that considers carcass composition instead of body weight alone. The current USDA YG equation was developed over 50 yr ago. Arguably, the population of cattle used to develop the YG equation is different than the current diverse U.S. beef cattle supply today. The objectives of this manuscript are to promote the adoption and use of precision agriculture technologies (i.e., camera grading and electronic animal identification) throughout the U.S. beef supply chain as a means to enhance the ability of the USDA YG equation to more accurately predict the retail yield across the population of cattle that contributes to the current U.S. beef supply. Camera grading has improved the accuracy of determining beef carcass retail yield; however, the use of electronic animal identification would allow for additional information to be passed back and forth between the packer, cattle feeder, and producer. Information, such as sex, genetics, medical treatment history, diets consumed, and growth promotant administration, as well as other information could be used to create additional variables for a new augmented USDA YG equation. Herein, fabrication yields demonstrated a 5.6 USDA YG and 12.8% boneless closely trimmed retail cut difference between actual cutout measurements and calculated values from the USDA YG equation for Jersey-influenced cattle. Evidence of such disparities between calculated and actual values warrants a reevaluation of the USDA YG system and consideration for implementing advancements in precision agriculture to improve the prediction of beef carcass retail yield to more accurately account for the large amount of variation in beef carcass retail yield from the cattle in the United States.

scholarly journals Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography to the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Apple Juice

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenche Velkoska-Markovska ◽  
Biljana Petanovska-Ilievska ◽  
Aleksandar Markovski
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations

Summary The modern apple production involves the use of large amounts of pesticides that can be found in processed products such as apple juice. Harmful effects of pesticide residues on humans, especially children, are well known, hence the content of pesticide residues in fruit, vegetables and their juices should be controlled. This study presents an application of a new, relatively simple and reliable analytical method for qualitative and quantitative determination of three organophosphorus and one organonitrogen pesticide residues in apple juices. The analysis utilizes reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by UV diode array detection. Prior to HPLC analysis, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for analytes concentration and sample clean-up. Specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and limit of quantification (LOQ) were examined to assess the validity of the developed method. The method had satisfactory values of multiple correlation coefficients for calibration curves (R2 ≥ 0.95 ). The precision was evaluated for the retention times and peak areas, and the estimated values for relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.05 % - 0.18 % and 0.09 % - 0.62 %, respectively, which indicated an excellent precision of the proposed method. Under the established conditions, the recovery of analytes was 93.80 % - 119.41 %, with relative standard deviations below 0.56 %. This method was successfully applied for determination of some organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticide residues in apple juices which were taken from Macedonian markets. The achieved values for LOQs were low enough compared to the MRLs of the investigated pesticides in apple according to the Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Detectable residues of the examined pesticides were not found in the analyzed samples.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum as a Potential Matrix for Multiresidue Determination of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Chicken Using Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence-Mass Spectrometryn

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J Schneider ◽  
Ixchel Reyes-Herrera ◽  
Dan J Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Potential Matrix ◽  
Multiresidue Determination ◽  
The U.S

Abstract An efficient multiresidue method was successfully applied to the determination of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in chicken serum. In this method, FQs are extracted from matrix with ammoniacal acetonitrile, and the extracts are defatted and then evaporated. After addition of basic phosphate buffer and filtration, the samples are analyzed by liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometryn (multiple mass spectrometry; MSn). This approach allows for simultaneous quantitation (fluorescence) and confirmation (MSn) of the FQs. Using this method, 8 FQs were determined in fortified chicken serum at levels of 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/g. Recoveries ranged from 7199, with excellent relative standard deviations (<10). Limits of quantitation for the FQs ranged from 0.055 ng/g. Confirmation was achieved by comparison of MS2 or MS3 product ion ratios with those of standard FQ samples. These quantitative and confirmatory results were compared with those obtained for muscle using this approach. Serum and muscle samples from enrofloxacin-dosed chickens were also analyzed with this method. The results show that enrofloxacin can be determined in both serum and muscle of chickens dosed at a level formerly approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for up to at least 48 h after withdrawal from dosing, and suggest that serum can provide an efficient matrix for monitoring FQ levels in chicken.

scholarly journals Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Eggs by Liquid Chromatography

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Furusawa
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Photodiode Array Detector ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Sulfonamide Residues ◽  
Centrifugal Ultrafiltration

Abstract A method was developed for determining residual sulfonamide antibacterials such as sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQ) in eggs using liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector. The spiked and blank samples were cleaned up by using an Ultrafree®-MC/PL centrifugal ultrafiltration unit. A Mightysil® RP-4 GP column and a mobile phase of 28% (v/v) ethanol–H2O with a photodiode array detector were used for the determination. Average recoveries from eggs spiked with each drug at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 1.0 ppm were ≥80.9%, with relative standard deviations between 1.3 and 4.7%. The limits of quantitation were 0.060 ppm for SMZ, 0.045 for SMM, 0.044 for SDM, and 0.093 for SQ. The analysis of one sample required <30 min and <5 mL ethanol as solvent.

Determination of Total Dietary Fiber in Foods and Food Products by Using a Single-Enzyme, Enzymatic-Gravimetric Method: Interlaboratory Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1443
Author(s):  
Betty W Li
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Standard Deviations

Abstract A simplified enzymatic-gravimetric method for total dietary fiber (TDF) determination has been published and used in the Food Composition Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture since 1988. This method gives comparable results to AOAC Official Methods 985.29 and 991.43 but the AOAC methods use 100°C (water bath) to gelatinize the sample and a combination of α-amylase and an amyloglucosidase to hydrolyze starches, whereas the simplified method incorporates an autoclaving step (121°C) for gelatinization followed by incubation with only amyloglucosidase. The simplified method omits protease hydrolysis and does not require any pH adjustment. Overall, the simplified method cuts cost and is less labor intensive. An interlaboratory study was conducted to validate this method. Blind duplicates of six sample (baked beans, corn bran, roasted peanuts, cooked potatoes, white bread with reduced calories, and cooked white rice) were sent to 11 laboratories. The reproducibility relative standard deviations of the TDF values (without outliers) ranged from 3.46 to 27.6%. The repeatability standard deviations ranged from 0.91 to 14.6%.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Reverse Phase High Performace Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Umeclidinium and Vilanterol in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Ahsaana Hamsa ◽  
K. Praseetha ◽  
K. P. Dijin Raj ◽  
T. V. Ashira ◽  
O. V. Athira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
The Stability

A Sensitive, fast, linear and accurate liquid chromatography technique was developed for the simultaneous determination of Umeclidinium and Vilanterol in Powder dosage form. The estimation was carried out using Phenomenex C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5μ) with ammonium acetate: acetonitrile taken in the ratio 60:40 as mobile phase and pumped at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min at 300C. Detection wavelength selected was 245 nm. Retention times of Umeclidinium and Vilanterol were found to be 2.219 min and 2.794 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification as per International council for harmonization guidelines. Degradation studies performed indicated the stability of the drug. All of these analytical validation parameters were evaluated, and the percent relative standard deviations were calculated, indicating the method's suitability for determination of Umeclidinium and Vilanterol in pharmaceutical dosage form.

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