Changes in Content and Composition of Dietary Fiber in Yellow Onions and Red Delicious Apples During Commercial Storage

Abstract Changes in pectin composition and solubility are part of the softening process in apples during ripening and postharvest storage. Lignification may also occur with long-term storage. In the United States, apples and onions are harvested once yearly and then stored and marketed for the next 12 months. The changes that occur in the dietary fiber content and composition in Red Delicious apples and yellow Spanish onions during storage were studied, and the loss of fiber in peeled apples was determined. Dietary fiber was extracted by the enzymatic–chemical method of Theander and Westerlund. Storage had no effect on total or insoluble fiber content of apples; Klason lignin concentration was greater in samples stored for 12 months than in those stored for 0, 4, or 8 months. Peeling reduced apple fiber concentration about 25% by decreasing neutral and acidic sugars and Klason lignin in the insoluble fraction. The total fiber content of onions increased with storage, primarily by increasing the insoluble fiber content of uronic acids. The results suggest that the standardized, environmentally controlled storage of apples, as used in Washington State, has little effect on dietary fiber content. In contrast, the less rigorously controlled storage conditions for yellow Spanish onions increases the insoluble fiber fraction and uronic acid content.

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Critical Factors in Determining Fiber Content of Feeds and Foods and Their Ingredients

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.18-0067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 52-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

George C Fahey ◽

Lawrence Novotny ◽

Brian Layton ◽

David R Mertens

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Nutrition Labeling ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Fiber Concentration ◽

Total Dietary Fiber ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Chemical Complexity

Abstract Background: Because of its chemical complexity, the estimation of dietary fiber content of feed and food materials is a difficult analytical challenge. Three major fiber analyses are conducted routinely in the United States including crude fiber (CF), detergent fiber, and total dietary fiber (TDF). Objective: Factors crucial to the successful measurement of dietary fibers are described and suggestions provided as to how to overcome potential analytical problems within assays. Methods: An accounting of methodological details that result in variation in fiber concentration values is presented along with suggestions as to how to decrease the variation. Results: CF analysis remains in use in the livestock feed and pet food industries for nutrition labeling purposes in spite of the fact that the analysis does not separate mammalian enzyme-digestible from indigestible carbohydrate components, and values obtained are usually 30–50% of the actual dietary fiber concentration. Detergent fiber methods quantify the insoluble dietary fibers (IDF) accurately, but not the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) components. TDF methods account for intrinsic and intact fibers, isolated and extracted fibers, and synthetic fibers found in feed and food ingredients and complete diet matrixes. Conclusions: The CF procedure should be abandoned as it fails to quantify fiber properly. Detergent analyses quantify IDF. TDF methods quantify both IDF and SDF. Highlights: Accurate dietary fiber quantification is essential given the role of fiber in health and well-being of animals and humans.

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Management of Apple Maturity and Postharvest Storage Conditions to Increase Polyphenols in Cider

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13473-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 143-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brianna L. Ewing ◽

Gregory M. Peck ◽

Sihui Ma ◽

Andrew P. Neilson ◽

Amanda C. Stewart

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

Postharvest Storage ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Fruit Storage ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Short Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

Hard cider production in the United States has increased dramatically during the past decade, but there is little information on how harvest and postharvest practices affect the chemistry of the resulting cider, including concentrations of organoleptically important flavanols. For 2 years we assessed fruit, juice, and cider from a total of five apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars in two experiments: sequential harvests and postharvest storage. Different cultivars were used in 2015 and 2016 with the exception of ‘Dabinett’, which was assessed in both years. There were no differences in polyphenol concentrations in cider made from fruit that was harvested on three separate occasions over a 4-week period in either 2015 or 2016. Fruit storage durations and temperatures had little influence on the chemistry when the experiment was conducted in 2015, but polyphenol concentration was greater after storage in the 2016 experiment. In 2016, total polyphenols in ‘Dabinett’ ciders were 51% greater after short-term storage at 10 °C and 67% greater after long-term storage at 1 °C than the control, which was not subjected to a storage treatment. In 2016, total polyphenols in ‘Binet Rouge’ ciders were 67% greater after short-term storage at 10 °C and 94% greater after long-term storage at 1 °C than the control. Although results varied among cultivars and harvest years, storing apples for longer periods of time and at warmer temperatures may be a strategy to increase polyphenol, particularly flavanol, concentrations in hard cider.

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Powder Drink from Banana Peel Pectin and Rice Bran Rich in Dietary Fiber

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1035.0782s719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S7) ◽

pp. 146-149

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Ash Content ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Equivalent Weight ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Esterification Degree ◽

Insoluble Fiber

Banana peel and rice bran are the food waste that can be potential sources of dietary fiber. This research aims to discover the best formula for functional beverage powder which contains high dietary fiber and which is favored by the panelist. The formulas are devised based on the ratio of kepok banana peel pectin and rice bran. The ratio for F1 is (1.5g: 2.5g), F2 (2g: 2g) and F3 (2.5g: 1.5g). After 120-minute extraction, the pectin of kepok banana peel has 5% of yield, 7.96% of water content, 8.52% of ash content, 705.08 of equivalent weight, 4.85% of methoxy level and 54.218% of esterification degree. A hedonic test indicates that the taste of the drink resulting from all three formulas is not significantly different. The color of the drink powder produced using formula 1 and formula 2 is more favored compared with that produced using formula 3 but the aroma of the drink powder produced using formula 3 is the most preferred. The soluble fiber content of pectin is 8.41% meanwhile the soluble and insoluble fiber content of rice bran is 5.28% and 23.90% respectively; the content for F1 is 7.75%,17.76%; F2 6.79%, 19.34%; F3 5.40%,21.65%.

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Digestive and functional properties of a partially hydrolyzed cassava solid waste with high insoluble fiber concentration

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000300008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 286-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dorivaldo da Silva Raupp ◽

Danielle Amorim Rosa ◽

Silvia Helena de Paula Marques ◽

David Ariovaldo Banzatto

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Fiber Concentration ◽

Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽

Digestive Function ◽

Defecation Frequency ◽

Insoluble Fiber ◽

Cassava Waste

Starch factories generate large amounts of cassava solid waste. A small amount is utilized for animal feed but most of it is discharged with deleterious effects to the envirounment. A edible food with a high content of insoluble dietary fiber (60.9%), named "partially hidrolyzed cassava waste" (PHCW), was prepared from industrial cassava solid waste by an enzymatic process. PHCW or wheat bran (WB) were fed to model rats and both promoted digestive function effects, but PHCW produced the greatest effect. The insoluble fiber constituent from PHCW (and not the soluble fiber), promoted the greatest fecal bulking, fecal weight and defecation frequency in rats, as compared to WB. Such results indicate that the partially hydrolyzed cassava waste presents digestive function properties which allow it to be used as an adequate source of insoluble dietary fiber in the formulation of functional food for human nutrition.

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Stability and Influence of Storage Conditions on Nanofibrous Film Containing Tooth Whitening Agent

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13040449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Siriporn Okonogi ◽

Adchareeya Kaewpinta ◽

Pisaisit Chaijareenont

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Adhesive Properties ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Electrospinning Technique ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Whitening Agent ◽

Nanofibrous Structure

Carbamide peroxide (CP), a tooth whitening agent, is chemically unstable. The present study explores stability enhancement of CP by loading in a nanofibrous film (CP-F) composed of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone/silica mixture, using an electrospinning technique. Kept at a temperature range of 60–80 °C for 6 h, CP in CP-F showed significantly higher stability than that in a polymer solution and in water, respectively. Degradation of CP in CP-F could be described by the first order kinetics with the predicted half-life by the Arrhenius equation of approximately 6.52 years. Physicochemical properties of CP-F after long-term storage for 12 months at different temperatures and relative humidity (RH) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that high temperature and high humidity (45 °C/75% RH) could enhance water absorption and destruction of the nanofibrous structure of CP-F. Interestingly, kept at 25 °C/30% RH, the nanofibrous structure of CP-F was not damaged, and exhibited no water absorption. Moreover, the remaining CP, the mechanical properties, and the adhesive properties of CP-F were not significantly changed in this storage condition. It is concluded that the developed CP-F and a suitable storage condition can significantly improve CP stability.

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Impacts of Different Winter Storage Conditions on the Physiology of Diutinus Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa302 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brandon K Hopkins ◽

Priyadarshini Chakrabarti ◽

Hannah M Lucas ◽

Ramesh R Sagili ◽

Walter S Sheppard

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

The United States ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Colony Losses ◽

Bee Colony ◽

Causative Factors ◽

Outdoor Environments ◽

Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽

Physiological Markers ◽

Honey Bee Colony Losses

Abstract Global decline in insect pollinators, especially bees, have resulted in extensive research into understanding the various causative factors and formulating mitigative strategies. For commercial beekeepers in the United States, overwintering honey bee colony losses are significant, requiring tactics to overwinter bees in conditions designed to minimize such losses. This is especially important as overwintered honey bees are responsible for colony expansion each spring, and overwintered bees must survive in sufficient numbers to nurse the spring brood and forage until the new ‘replacement’ workers become fully functional. In this study, we examined the physiology of overwintered (diutinus) bees following various overwintering storage conditions. Important physiological markers, i.e., head proteins and abdominal lipid contents were higher in honey bees that overwintered in controlled indoor storage facilities, compared with bees held outdoors through the winter months. Our findings provide new insights into the physiology of honey bees overwintered in indoor and outdoor environments and have implications for improved beekeeping management.

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