142 Mineral requirements of fed cattle

Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to summarize state of the art data related to our understanding of feedlot cattle mineral requirements. To date, mineral requirements of cattle have been estimated based on historical research, some conducted as early as the 1930s and 40s. In comparison to earlier editions of the beef cattle nutritional requirements, relatively few alterations in mineral feeding recommendations were noted in NASEM (2016). However, consultants working in the industry commonly report feeding minerals far in excess of the NASEM (2016) recommendations. In addition, an abundance of mineral supplementation strategies has contributed to misunderstandings associated with cattle mineral requirements. Trace minerals, in particular, are available in a variety of chemical forms that affect site of solubility, potential bioavailability and may allow supplementation via various routes (dietary, injection, bolus, oral drench). Published and unpublished data comparing national vs. industry recommendations of trace minerals on beef cattle performance and data pertaining to source comparisons in fed cattle will be presented.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Varying Levels of Trace Mineral Supplementation on Feedlot Cattle Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 28-28

Author(s):

Brittany A Lippy ◽

Blake K Wilson ◽

Colton A Robison

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Negative Control ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Marbling Score ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Mineral Supplementation ◽

Experimental Treatments ◽

Cattle Performance

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of 4 levels of trace mineral supplementation on feedlot cattle. Two hundred and forty Angus crossbred steers (n = 48, BW = 291 ± 27 kg) were stratified by arrival BW and source and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (12 pens/ treatment; 5 steers/pen). Cattle went through a 35 d depletion period prior to the administration of treatments where cattle received a supplement that included zero trace minerals and was formulated to meet or exceed other nutrient requirements not met by the ration. Cattle were administered treatments after transition to the finishing ration. The treatments included a negative control (CON) which contained no added trace minerals, a requirement treatment (1X) in which cattle received added trace minerals at requirement levels indicated by NASEM (Co 0.15 mg/kg, Cu 10 mg/kg, Fe 50 mg/kg, I 0.5 mg/kg, Mn 20 mg/kg, Se 0.1 mg/kg, Zn 30 mg/kg; NASEM 2016), a 2 times requirement levels (2X) treatment, and a treatment at four times requirement (4X) levels recommended by the NASEM. Iron was kept constant at 50 mg/kg for 1X, 2X, and 4X treatments. Due to feeding laws, Selenium was included at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg for 1X, 2X, and 4X respectively. Treatment levels were chosen based on the 2015 Feedlot Consulting Nutritionist Survey. There was no difference in BW, ADG, overall DMI and G:F over the course of the experiment (Linear P ≥ 0.12; Quadratic P ≥ 0.17; CON vs Supplements P ≥ 0.47) There was no difference in marbling score, yield grade, back fat, REA, HCW, or dressing percentage between treatments (Linear P ≥ 0.23; Quadratic P ≥ 0.36; CON vs Supplements P ≥ 0.30). In conclusion, the lack of or addition of supplemented trace minerals at or above indicated requirement levels has no effect on cattle performance or carcass characteristics.

Download Full-text

Methods of Trace Mineral Supplementation

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-an348-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J. Hersom ◽

Todd A. Thrift

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Delivery Strategy ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Mineral Supplementation ◽

Total Diet ◽

Animal Growth ◽

Cattle Producer ◽

Mineral Concentrations

Trace minerals supplementation is an integral component of the total diet for beef cattle. Trace minerals from the diet function in many of the metabolic processes associated with animal growth, health, and reproduction. It is essential that cattle have access to trace minerals in their diet. However, the forage cattle consume as the bulk of their diet is often deficient in trace mineral concentrations. Therefore, cattle need to be supplemented with trace minerals on a regular basis. Cattle producers can choose from a number of different methods to supplement trace minerals to cattle. Each method has characteristic advantages and disadvantages. The value of the characteristics should be evaluated against management activities of each cattle producer to determine the optimal trace mineral delivery strategy.

Download Full-text

PSIII-25 The effects of varying levels of trace mineral supplementation on mineral balance and antibody concentrations in feedlot cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 287-288

Author(s):

Brittany A Lippy ◽

Blake K Wilson ◽

Colton A Robison

Keyword(s):

Negative Control ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Herpesvirus Type ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Mineral Supplementation ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Trace mineral (TM) supplementation is critical for optimal performance and health. The objective was to determine the effects of varying levels of TM supplementation on feedlot cattle TM status and antibody concentrations. Angus steers (n = 240; BW = 291 kg ± 27.4) were stratified by arrival BW and source and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (12 pens/treatment; 5 steers/pen). Treatments included a negative control (CON) in which cattle received no TM supplementation, a requirement treatment (1X) in which cattle received added TM at 2016 Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle required levels, a 2 times requirements (2X), and a 4 times requirements (4X) treatment. Selenium was included at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg for 1X, 2X, and 4X respectively. Treatments were chosen based on reported TM supplementation levels from the 2015 Feedlot Consulting Nutritionist Survey. One steer was chosen at random from each pen to be evaluated for serum and liver TM status and antibody concentrations to respiratory viruses. There was treatment × day interaction for serum Co, and liver Cu and Se (P < 0.0001). Serum Co was greatest for the 4X treatment from d 28 through harvest. Liver Cu was greatest for the 2X and 4X treatments from d 56 through harvest. Liver Se was greatest for 2X and 4X from d 28 through harvest. There was an effect of day on liver Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn (P < 0.0001) and serum Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn (P < 0.0019). Concentrations for individual TM had different trends over time, however, all reported values were within normal ranges. Serum Zn was greater at harvest (P = .02). There was an effect of time on Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 1A, Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1, Bovine Parainfluenza 3 virus antibody titer concentrations (P < 0.0001).

Download Full-text

Environmental and Housing Effects on Feedlot Cattle Performance

Beef Cattle Feeding and Nutrition ◽

10.1016/b978-012552052-2/50022-6 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 308-316

Author(s):

Tilden Wayne Perry

Keyword(s):

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Cattle Performance

Download Full-text

66 Overview of Different Cattle Finishing Facilities: Economic Summary and Future Innovations

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 12-12

Author(s):

Tom Peters

Keyword(s):

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Finishing Cattle ◽

Excessive Heat ◽

Housing Systems ◽

Future Improvement ◽

Building Ventilation ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

Economic Considerations ◽

Management Issues ◽

Cattle Performance

Abstract Environment and weather may have a significant impact on feedlot cattle growth. Most U.S. feedlot cattle are finished/fed in open-mound, dirt lots. Historic closeout data conclude that cattle performance has been optimal when finishing cattle in well groomed, dry, dirt mound lots. However, weather challenges including excessive heat, cold, or moisture conditions negatively impact cattle performance. Past attempts to provide shelter for finishing feedlot cattle with buildings/sheds have often yielded subpar finishing cattle growth expectations when compared to well-groomed dirt mounds. Improved cattle housing designs including building ventilation and flooring types are being utilized in many Northern Plains and Midwest cattle operations during the last decade. This symposium will address current designs, management issues, economic considerations and future improvement challenges for finishing cattle housing systems. Performance and economics comparing various cattle breeds and varied in-weights throughout finishing period in differing cattle facilities will be evaluated. Comparison of expected and realized performance of finishing cattle when housed in bedded barns, conventional scrape yards with sheds and cattle comfort finishing shelters will be reviewed.

Download Full-text

Effects of Leptin Gene Polymorphism on Beef Cattle Performance

Russian Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.3103/s1068367420060166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 614-618

Author(s):

T. A. Sedykh ◽

L. A. Kalashnikova ◽

R. S. Gizatullin ◽

V. I. Kosilov

Keyword(s):

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Cattle Performance

Download Full-text

Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8120648 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 648 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Felista W. Mwangi ◽

Edward Charmley ◽

Christopher P. Gardiner ◽

Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽

Robert T. Kinobe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

High Energy ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Meat Eating ◽

Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽

The Impact ◽

Cattle Performance

A comprehensive review of the impact of tropical pasture grazing, nutritional supplementation during feedlot finishing and fat metabolism-related genes on beef cattle performance and meat-eating traits is presented. Grazing beef cattle on low quality tropical forages with less than 5.6% crude protein, 10% soluble starches and 55% digestibility experience liveweight loss. However, backgrounding beef cattle on high quality leguminous forages and feedlot finishing on high-energy diets increase meat flavour, tenderness and juiciness due to improved intramuscular fat deposition and enhanced mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper also reviews the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase genes and correlations with meat traits. The review argues that backgrounding of beef cattle on Desmanthus, an environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legume that can persistently survive under harsh tropical and subtropical conditions, has the potential to improve animal performance. It also identifies existing knowledge gaps and research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of grazing nutrition, feedlot finishing performance, and carcass traits of northern Australian tropical beef cattle to enable red meat industry players to work on marbling, juiciness, tenderness and overall meat-eating characteristics.

Download Full-text