scholarly journals Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felista W. Mwangi ◽  
Edward Charmley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽  
Robert T. Kinobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cattle Performance

A comprehensive review of the impact of tropical pasture grazing, nutritional supplementation during feedlot finishing and fat metabolism-related genes on beef cattle performance and meat-eating traits is presented. Grazing beef cattle on low quality tropical forages with less than 5.6% crude protein, 10% soluble starches and 55% digestibility experience liveweight loss. However, backgrounding beef cattle on high quality leguminous forages and feedlot finishing on high-energy diets increase meat flavour, tenderness and juiciness due to improved intramuscular fat deposition and enhanced mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper also reviews the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase genes and correlations with meat traits. The review argues that backgrounding of beef cattle on Desmanthus, an environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legume that can persistently survive under harsh tropical and subtropical conditions, has the potential to improve animal performance. It also identifies existing knowledge gaps and research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of grazing nutrition, feedlot finishing performance, and carcass traits of northern Australian tropical beef cattle to enable red meat industry players to work on marbling, juiciness, tenderness and overall meat-eating characteristics.

scholarly journals Genetics of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Meat Eating Quality in Tattykeel Australian White Lambs

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Shedrach Benjamin Pewan ◽  
John Roger Otto ◽  
Roger Huerlimann ◽  
Alyssa Maree Budd ◽  
Felista Waithira Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Long Chain

Meat eating quality with a healthy composition hinges on intramuscular fat (IMF), fat melting point (FMP), tenderness, juiciness, flavour and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) content. These health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA play significant roles in optimal cardiovascular, retinal, maternal and childhood brain functions, and include alpha linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acids. The primary objective of this review was to access, retrieve, synthesise and critically appraise the published literature on the synthesis, metabolism and genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA and meat eating quality. Studies on IMF content, FMP and fatty acid composition were reviewed to identify knowledge gaps that can inform future research with Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) lambs. The TAW is a new sheep breed exclusive to MARGRA brand of lamb with an outstanding low fat melting point (28–39°C), high n-3 LC-PUFA EPA+DHA content (33–69mg/100g), marbling (3.4–8.2%), tenderness (20.0–38.5N) and overall consumer liking (7.9–8.5). However, correlations between n-3 LC-PUFA profile, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN), other lipogenic genes and meat quality traits present major knowledge gaps. The review also identified research opportunities in nutrition–genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of the genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA, feedlot finishing performance, carcass traits and eating quality in the TAW sheep. It was concluded that studies on IMF, FMP and n-3 LC-PUFA profiles in parental and progeny generations of TAW sheep will be foundational for the genetic selection of healthy lamb eating qualities and provide useful insights into their correlations with SCD, FASN and FABP4 genes.

Conditions for oxygen and substrate transport in muscles in exercising mammals

1991 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hoppeler ◽  
R. Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Lactate Shuttle ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Intracellular Location

The structural conditions relevant for metabolite exchange in anaerobic and aerobic work conditions in muscle tissue are reviewed. High-intensity non-steady-state exercise is supported by the phosphocreatine pool, which serves as a shuttle for high-energy phosphates produced by glycolysis and by aerobic metabolism. This is achieved through the intermediary of a topologically organized creatine kinase isozyme system. The muscle capillary network supplies substrate and environmental oxygen to the mitochondria. The network is quantitatively matched to the muscle oxidative capacity, determined structurally by mitochondrial volume. Capillary hematocrit, erythrocyte spacing and oxygen saturation of myoglobin are critical variables for oxygen release from microvessels. Myoglobin greatly helps intracellular oxygen transfer as, under aerobic work conditions, it keeps intracellular oxygen tension low and uniform in the muscle fibers. During sustained submaximal work, muscle cells are fueled by both endogenous (triglycerides and glycogen) and circulatory (lactate, glucose and fatty acids) substrates. A lactate shuttle in which lactate may move through the circulation, as well as directly from fiber to fiber, provides many of the carbohydrate-derived carbon skeletons for terminal oxidation. Glucose is taken up from the interstitial space by facilitated diffusion, mostly mediated by a glucose transporter (GLUT4) that is translocated from an intracellular location to the sarcolemma by activity and insulin. Extramyocellular transport of fatty acids is mediated by albumin, while fatty-acid-binding proteins are held responsible for intracellular fatty acid transport.

scholarly journals Gene expression pattern of acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in pregnant Barki sheep under complete feed deprivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Sayed ◽  
Ahmed Ateya ◽  
Mohamed Hamed ◽  
Sherif Shoieb ◽  
Hussam Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Objective: To assess the mRNA level of acetyl CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) by means of real-time PCR in Barki sheep subjected to complete feed deprivation. Design: Controlled study. Animals: Seven healthy pregnant ewes. Procedures: Ewes were subjected to complete feed deprivation with ad libitum water for five consecutive days. Venous blood samples were collected from each ewe before (zero time) and on the fifth day post-deprivation of feed for measurement of the mRNA level of ACACA, FASN, and SCD and assessment of serum metabolic profile parameters. Results: On the fifth day post-fasting, the gene expression pattern of ACACA, FASN, SCD genes showed a significant (p < 0.05) down regulation in comparison with pre-deprivation of feed. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the serum level of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxyl buteric acid (BHBA), and triglycerides in pregnant ewes in the fifth day post-fasting in comparison with pre-deprivation of feed. On the other hand, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of glucose, cholesterol, and insulin in pregnant ewes in the fifth day post-fasting compared with pre-deprivation of feed. On histopathology, liver showed marked heptic steatosis in midzonal and periportal area, with formation of small fatty cysts in liver lobule. There was a positive correlation between leptin and insulin (r = 0.996; p < 0.01), BHB and leptin (r = 0.951; p < 0.05) and glucose and SCD (r = 1.0, p < 0.01). However, there was a negative correlation between FASN and NEFA (r = - 0.991; p < 0.05), FASN and leptin (r = -0.683; p < 0.05) and FASN and cholesterol (r = - 0.82; p < 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Pregnant Barki ewes can clinically tolerate complete feed deprivation for five days, with down regulation of ACACA, FASN, SCD genes and presence of marked metabolic changes. Therefore, metabolic monitoring is warranted to predict the early changes associated with feed deprivation under different stressful conditions.

Red Pepper Seed Inhibits Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells during the Early Phase of Adipogenesis via the Activation of AMPK

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Jin Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyoung You ◽  
Ziyun Wang ◽  
Hyeon-A Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Pepper Seed

Obesity is the main risk factor for metabolic syndromes and there has been an upsurge in demand for effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the effect of red pepper seed water extract (RPS) on the process of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RPS treatment significantly suppressed cellular lipid accumulation and reduced the expression of adipocytes-associated proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-[Formula: see text] (PPAR-[Formula: see text]), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins [Formula: see text] (C/EBP [Formula: see text]), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), as well as fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). The inhibitory effect of RPS on differentiation was mainly through the modulation of the C/EBP [Formula: see text] and C/EBP [Formula: see text] expression at the early phase of differentiation. Moreover, at the early phase of differentiation, RPS markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Such enhancing effect of RPS was abolished in the presence of compound C. Our results suggest that activation of AMPK at early stage of adipogenesis is involved in the anti-adipogenesis effect of RPS.

scholarly journals Supplementing calcium salts of soybean oil to beef steers early in life to enhance carcass development and quality1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4182-4192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M Schubach ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice P Brandão ◽  
Osvaldo A de Sousa ◽  
Thiago F Schumaher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Ppar Γ

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) to beef steers at 2 mo of age via creep-feeding, and/or during a 40-d preconditioning period on performance and carcass development responses. A total of 64 steers were enrolled in this study over 2 yr (32 steers per year), with 4 periods each year: creep-feeding (CF; day 0 to 60), preweaning (day 61 to weaning on day 124 and 127 of year 1 and 2, respectively), preconditioning (PC; day 132 to 172 in year 1 and day 135 to 175 of year 2), and feedlot (feedlot arrival to slaughter, day 173 to 378 in year 1 and day 176 to 385 in year 2). On day 0 steers were ranked by body weight (BW) and age (114 ± 4 kg of BW; 66.1 ± 0.9 d of age) and allocated to 1 of 16 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to receive CSSO during CF (80 g/d per steer) and/or PC (150 g/d per steer) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. During CF and PC, nonsupplemented steers (CON) were provided an isolipidic prilled saturated fat supplement. Steer BW was recorded on day 0, 60, at weaning, and prior to feedlot shipping. Carcass traits were recorded upon slaughter. On day 0, 60, at weaning, prior to feedlot shipping, and during the feedlot period, blood samples were collected and longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies were collected. On day 60, steers that received CSSO during CF had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic and ω-6 compared with CON (CF treatment × day; P ≤ 0.05). Steers that received CSSO during PC had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic, ω-6, and total fatty acids compared with CON at feedlot shipping (PC treatment × day; P ≤ 0.05). A PC treatment × day interaction was also detected (P = 0.04) for mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which was greater (P = 0.04) at feedlot shipping for steers receiving CSSO during PC. Interactions between CF treatment × day were detected (P ≤ 0.01) for mRNA expression of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, fatty acid synthase, PPAR-γ, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in the feedlot in steers receiving CSSO during CF. No treatment differences were detected for (P ≥ 0.18) performance or carcass traits, including marbling and backfat thickness. Results from this study suggest that supplementing CSSO to suckled beef steers via creep-feeding upregulated mRNA expression of the adipogenic genes investigated herein later in life. These outcomes, however, were not translated into improved carcass quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Breed on Transcriptional and Protein Expression of Lipogenic Enzymes in Tail and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Two Grazing Breeds of Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
María Gallardo ◽  
Luis Arias-Darraz ◽  
Juan Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Expression Levels

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of breed on mRNA and protein expression levels of lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) plus sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) in the subcutaneous fat (SCF) from the back of the animal, and tail fat (TF) of both Chilota and Suffolk Down lambs grazing Calafatal. Eight Chilota and six Suffolk Down 2-month-old male lambs were allocated to graze a “Calafatal”, a typical secondary succession of Chiloé Archipelago, Chile. After 62 d, lambs were slaughtered according to Chile’s meat industry standards. Fatty acid profile, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analyses from SCF and TF samples were performed. Although the mRNA expression levels of ACC, FAS, SCD1 and SREBP1c in SCF did not differ significantly between breeds (p > 0.05), a trend to higher mRNA expression of FAS and SREBP1c in TF from Chilota lambs was observed (p = 0.06). On the other hand, FAS levels in SCF were higher in Chilota than in Suffolk Down lambs (p < 0.02), although Suffolk Down showed higher fat contents and saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportions than Chilota lambs (p < 0.01). The FAS protein expression in TF was similar in both breeds (p > 0.05). Although the fat content was higher in Suffolk Down than in Chilota lambs (p < 0.01), the SFA proportions were similar in both breeds. Finally, it can be concluded that although mRNA expression of enzymes was similar in both breeds, there were differences in some protein levels in the SCF, partially related with the fatty acid profiles, thus affecting the selection of lamb breed either for human consumption or experimental purposes.

scholarly journals The polymorphisms of genes associated with the profile of fatty acids of sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Esteves ◽  
K.G. Livramento ◽  
L.V. Paiva ◽  
A.P. Peconick ◽  
I.F.F. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Atherogenicity Index ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of polymorphisms in Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTA-1 and 2), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes and the Thioesterase domain of FASN (TE-FASN) gene that may be related to the lipid profile. In the experiment, a total of 84 sheep from different genetic groups were used. For the evaluation of the polymorphism of the genes, PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique and subsequent sequencing were used. In DGAT-2 gene, four genotypes were identified with the presence of 6 polymorphisms, with two (c.229T> C; c.255T> C) that resulted into the exchange of phenylalanine by leucine. In FASN gene, two genotypes were identified. In TE-FASN gene, three genotypes and 17 polymorphisms were identified. DGAT-1 and SCD genes did not reveal the occurrence of polymorphism. There was difference in relation to C14: 0, C18: 0 fatty acids and Δ9-desaturase C18 for DGAT-2 gene and of C18: 2ω6t for TE-FASN. There were differences among the genetic groups for C10: 0, C12: 0, C17: 0, C18: 2ω6t, C18: 3ω3, C20: 2, total of ω3, ω3/ω6 and atherogenicity index. There is occurrence of polymorphism of DGAT-2 and TE-FASN genes and these should be further studied in sheep since they revealed influence of the genotypes on the fatty acid profile.

scholarly journals Role of Oleic Acid in the Gut-Liver Axis: From Diet to the Regulation of Its Synthesis via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Piccinin ◽  
Marica Cariello ◽  
Stefania De Santis ◽  
Simon Ducheix ◽  
Carlo Sabbà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
The Impact

The consumption of an olive oil rich diet has been associated with the diminished incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Several studies have attributed these beneficial effects to oleic acid (C18 n-9), the predominant fatty acid principal component of olive oil. Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the impact of gene-nutrient interactions in liver and gut diseases, by taking advantage of the role of SCD1 and its product oleic acid in the modulation of different hepatic and intestinal metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals FABP5 coordinates lipid signaling that promotes prostate cancer metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Carbonetti ◽  
Tessa Wilpshaar ◽  
Jessie Kroonen ◽  
Keith Studholme ◽  
Cynthia Converso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is defined by dysregulated lipid signaling and is characterized by upregulation of lipid metabolism-related genes including fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). FASN and MAGL are enzymes that generate cellular fatty acid pools while FABP5 is an intracellular chaperone that delivers fatty acids to nuclear receptors to enhance PCa metastasis. Since FABP5, FASN, and MAGL have been independently implicated in PCa progression, we hypothesized that FABP5 represents a central mechanism linking cytosolic lipid metabolism to pro-metastatic nuclear receptor signaling. Here, we show that the abilities of FASN and MAGL to promote nuclear receptor activation and PCa metastasis are critically dependent upon co-expression of FABP5 in vitro and in vivo. Our findings position FABP5 as a key driver of lipid-mediated metastasis and suggest that disruption of lipid signaling via FABP5 inhibition may constitute a new avenue to treat metastatic PCa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document