scholarly journals 144 Proof of concept for bilateral twin pregnancies in Trio allele carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
Guilherme Madureira ◽  
Victor Gomez-León ◽  
Gustavo Fernandes Grillo ◽  
João Paulo Nascimento Andrade ◽  
Beth Lett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Follicular Aspiration ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Bovine twin birth is associated with detriments including increased embryo/fetal losses, malpresentation and dystocia. Incidence of these is lessened in bilateral versus unilateral twin pregnancy. This study was undertaken to assess use of follicular ablation by aspiration to create bilateral twin pregnancies in females with genetic potential for ~3.5 ovulations per cycle (Trio allele carriers). In Experiment 1, carriers (n = 30) and non-carriers (n = 10) were synchronized for ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI). Follicles (> 5 mm) in excess of one per ovary were aspirated ~16h preceding TAI. Follicle count for females with follicles on only one ovary was reduced to two. Blood was sampled 2 weeks post-TAI to assess progesterone (P4) concentrations; fetal count was determined by ultrasound 6 weeks post-TAI. P4 concentration post-TAI was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with both genotype and subsequent pregnancy status (pregnant non-carriers, 7.06 ± 0.68 ng/mL; pregnant carriers, 5.54 ± 0.55 ng/mL; non-pregnant non-carriers, 5.22 ± 1.05 ng/mL; non-pregnant carriers, 3.13 ± 0.42 ng/mL). Experiment 2 was undertaken to offset negative effects of follicular aspiration on subsequent P4 concentration observed in Experiment 1. Carriers (n = 38) and non-carriers (n = 32) were submitted to fixed-TAI and follicle ablation as described. Additionally, accessory corpora lutea were induced by administration of hCG (carriers) at d6 post-TAI. Consequently, P4 concentration post-TAI was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with subsequent pregnancy status (pregnant, 8.48 ± 0.61 ng/mL; non-pregnant, 6.70 ± 0.63 ng/mL) but not with genotype (carrier, 8.01 ± 0.59 ng/mL; non-carrier, 7.17 ± 0.64 ng/mL). Fetus number was greater in carriers (Exp1, 1.64 ± 0.81; Exp2, 1.45 ± 0.09) versus non-carriers (1.00 ± 0.00, both Experiments). Singles, twins, and triplets occurred in carriers in Experiment 1, whereas multiples in Experiment 2 were limited to twins. Genotype effects on pregnancy rate were not significant (P > 0.10) in either experiment. Results suggest follicular ablation to create bilateral twin pregnancies in Trio carriers is feasible but requires induction of accessory corpora lutea to offset the negative effects of follicular aspiration on subsequent P4 concentration.

scholarly journals Practical application of an impractical bovine genotype: creating bilateral twin pregnancies in Trio allele carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Madureira ◽  
Victor Gomez-León ◽  
Gustavo Fernandes Grillo ◽  
João Paulo Nascimento Andrade ◽  
Beth Lett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Follicular Aspiration ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Embryo Number ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Bovine twin birth is associated with detriments, including increased embryo/fetal losses, malpresentation, and dystocia. Incidence of these is lessened in bilateral compared with unilateral twin pregnancy. This study was undertaken to assess the use of follicular ablation by aspiration to create bilateral twin pregnancies in females with genetic potential for ~3.5 ovulations per cycle (Trio allele carriers). In experiment 1, carriers (n = 30) and noncarriers (n = 10) were synchronized for ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI). Follicles (>5 mm) in excess of one per ovary were aspirated ~16 h preceding TAI. Follicle count for females with follicles on only one ovary was reduced to two. Blood was sampled 2 wk post-TAI to assess progesterone (P4) concentrations; embryo count was determined by ultrasound 6 wk post-TAI. Circulating P4 concentration post-TAI was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with both genotype and subsequent pregnancy status (pregnant noncarriers: 7.06 ± 0.68 ng/mL; pregnant carriers: 5.54 ± 0.55 ng/mL; nonpregnant noncarriers: 5.22 ± 1.05 ng/mL; nonpregnant carriers: 3.13 ± 0.42 ng/mL). Experiment 2 was undertaken to offset the negative effects of follicular aspiration on subsequent P4 concentration observed in experiment 1. Carriers (n = 38) and noncarriers (n = 32) were submitted to TAI and follicle ablation as described for experiment 1. Additionally, accessory corpora lutea (CL) were induced in carriers by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (carriers) at day 6 post-TAI. Consequently, P4 concentration post-TAI was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with subsequent pregnancy status (pregnant: 8.48 ± 0.61 ng/mL; nonpregnant: 6.70 ± 0.63 ng/mL) but not with genotype (carrier: 8.01 ± 0.59 ng/mL; noncarrier: 7.17 ± 0.64 ng/mL). Embryo number was greater in carriers (exp. 1: 1.64 ± 0.81; exp 2: 1.45 ± 0.09) vs. noncarriers (1.00 ± 0.00, both experiments). Single, twin, and triplet pregnancies occurred in carriers in experiment 1, whereas multiples in experiment 2 were limited to twin pregnancies. Genotype effects on pregnancy rate were not significant (P > 0.10) in either experiment. Results suggest that follicular ablation to create bilateral twin pregnancies in Trio carriers is feasible but requires the induction of accessory CL to offset the negative effects of follicular aspiration on subsequent P4 concentration and associated fertility outcomes.

Pregnancy Outcome Among Twins Conceived After Subfertility Treatment Compared With Natural Twins: A Population-Based Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. G. Murphy ◽  
Rachel E. Neale ◽  
Kate Hey ◽  
Valerie A. Seagroatt ◽  
Michael J. Goldacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractPregnancy outcome and characteristics of women who conceive following subfertility treatment remains a subject of great interest. We analyzed these variables among 199 women who delivered a registerable twin birth compared with 1773 women who delivered a naturally conceived twin birth in a population-based obstetric cohort drawn from around Oxford, England. Treatment was restricted to conceptions involving simple ovulation induction only. Treated mothers were of significantly higher social class and older, more likely to deliver girls and to be delivered by cesarean section, and significantly less likely to be smokers at the time of antenatal booking and to have delivered previous pregnancies. Pregnancy outcome was similar between the two groups for most measures, with the exception of birthweight which was lower in treated twins, though not significantly so. Overall the results are reassuring with respect to outcome in twin pregnancies following simple ovulation induction.

scholarly journals Role of ghrelin in fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation periods

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Mercedes Luque ◽  
Pedro Javier Torres ◽  
Nicolás de Loredo ◽  
Laura María Vincenti ◽  
Graciela Stutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
And Control

In order to clarify the physiological role of ghrelin in gestation, we evaluated the effects of administration of exogenous ghrelin (2 or 4 nmol/animal per day) or its antagonist (6 nmol/animal per day of (d-Lys3)GHRP6) on fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation periods in mice. Three experiments were performed, treating female mice with ghrelin or its antagonist: i) starting from 1 week before copulation to 12 h after copulation, mice were killed at day 18 of gestation; ii) since ovulation induction until 80 h later, when we retrieved the embryos from oviducts/uterus, and iii) starting from days 3 to 7 of gestation (peri-implantation), mice were killed at day 18. In experiments 1 and 3, the antagonist and/or the highest dose of ghrelin significantly increased the percentage of atrophied fetuses and that of females exhibiting this finding or a higher amount of corpora lutea compared with fetuses (nCL/nF) (experiment 3: higher nCL/nF-atrophied fetuses: ghrelin 4, 71.4–71.4% and antagonist, 75.0–62.5% vs ghrelin 2, 46.2−15.4% and control, 10–0.0%;n=7–13 females/group;P<0.01). In experiment 2, the antagonist diminished the fertilization rate, and both, ghrelin and the antagonist, delayed embryo development (blastocysts: ghrelin 2, 62.5%; ghrelin 4, 50.6%; and antagonist, 61.0% vs control 78.4%;n=82–102 embryos/treatment;P<0.0001). In experiment 3, additionally, ghrelin (4 nmol/day) and the antagonist significantly diminished the weight gain of fetuses and dams during pregnancy. Our results indicate that not only hyperghrelinemia but also the inhibition of the endogenous ghrelin effects exerts negative effects on the fertilization, implantation, and embryo/fetal development periods, supporting the hypothesis that ghrelin (in ‘adequate’ concentrations) has a physiological role in early gestational events.

scholarly journals Reduced signaling through the hedgehog pathway in the uterine stroma causes deferred implantation and embryonic loss

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Harman ◽  
Robert G Cowan ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Susan M Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Embryo Resorption

The role of the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway in implantation was studied in mice in which the HH signal transducer, smoothened (SMO), was conditionally deleted in the stromal compartment of the uterus, using CRE recombinase expressed through the Amhr2cre allele. In Amhr2cre/+Smonull/flox-mutant mice, Smo mRNA in uterine stroma was reduced 49% compared to that in Amhr2+/+Smonull/flox control mice, while levels in the luminal epithelium were not different. Litter size was reduced 60% in mutants compared with controls, but ovulation rate and the number of implantation sites on day 7 of pregnancy did not differ. The number of corpora lutea was equivalent to the number of implantation sites, indicating that most ovulations resulted in implanted embryos. However, on days 13 to 15, the rate of embryo resorption was elevated in mutants. In control mice, on day 5, implantation sites were present and blastocysts were well-attached. In contrast, blastocysts were readily flushed from uteri of mutant mice on day 5 and implantation sites were rare. On days 5.5 and 6, implantation sites were present in mutant mice, and by day 6 embryos could not be flushed from the uterus. The weight of implantation sites on day 7 was decreased by 42% in mutant mice, consistent with delayed development. Signaling through SMO in the endometrial stroma is required for optimal timing of implantation, and deferred implantation leads to defective embryo development and subsequent pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals 107 Timing of progesterone exposure effects pregnancy rates following fixed time artificial insemination in postpartum beef cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Anna L Smith ◽  
Rebecca K Poole ◽  
Kyle Mayberry ◽  
McKayla A Newsome ◽  
Harrison B Dudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Advancements in reproductive technologies have improved pregnancy rates in postpartum cows; however, undesirable consequences leading to reduced fertility still occur. Thus, the objectives were to determine if presence of a corpus luteum (CL) at the start of estrous synchronization (AIM1) or if the length of proestrus (interval from progesterone removal to a GnRH-induced LH surge; AIM2) alters fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) pregnancy rates. Cycling postpartum cows (n = 285) at two locations were synchronized using the CO-Synch+CIDR® FTAI protocol. Ultrasonographic measurements of luteal area were recorded at CIDR insertion. To determine the impact of proestrus length, cows were randomly assigned to either undergo CIDR removal at the time of PGF2a injection (long proestrus, n = 145), or CIDR removal 24 hours post PGF2a injection (short proestrus, n = 140). Blood samples were collected at CIDR insertion and at insemination for progesterone (P4) analysis. Pregnancy status to FTAI was assessed using ultrasonographic diagnosis at 30 d post insemination. Data were analyzed using a MIXED procedure of SAS and examined for effects of length of proestrus, P4 concentration, luteal area, sire, location, and age. Statistical significance was determined at P0.05) pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates were greater in cows with >1 ng/mL P4 compared to cows with 0.05). Cows > 4 y old had higher AI pregnancy rates compared to 2–3 y cows (70.2±7.4 vs. 51±5.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). Based on these data, incorporating a presynchronization program to ensure the presence of a functional CL at the start of a FTAI protocol may improve pregnancy success in postpartum beef cows.

9 EFFECT OF TIMING OF INSEMINATION WITH SORTED SEMEN ON SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY RATE IN POSTPARTUM BEEF COWS SYNCHRONIZED WITH A MODIFIED 14-DAY PROGESTERONE PROTOCOL

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
A. J. Davis ◽  
J. G. Powell ◽  
T. D. Lester ◽  
R. W. Rorie
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Pregnancy Status

A study investigated the effect of AI timing on pregnancy rate when using X sorted semen, and whether prostaglandin F2α (PGF2) injection on Day 7 of a modified 14-day progesterone (P4) protocol improved oestrous response in beef cows. Angus-based cows were allotted across treatment groups by cyclicity, parity, weight, body condition, and days postpartum. Treatment 1 (n = 132) cows received a CIDR P4 insert (Eazi-Breed CIDR, Pfizer Animal Health, Groton, CT, USA) on Day 0, with CIDR removal on Day 14, followed by 100 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Factrel, Pfizer) on Day 16, and 25 mg of PGF2 (Lutalyse, Pfizer) on Day 23. Treatment 2 (n = 132) cows received the same synchronization treatment, except for an additional 25 mg dose of PGF2 given on Day 7 of CIDR treatment. Cows were observed for oestrus over an 84-h period and inseminated with X-sorted semen at 9 to 14, 15 to 17, 18 to 21 or 22 to 24 h after detected oestrus, followed 10 days later by exposure to fertile bulls for 45 days. Ultrasonography was used to determine pregnancy status ~45 days after AI and again 45 to 55 days after bull removal. Chi-squared analysis was used to determine the effects of treatment on oestrus response, AI pregnancy, and seasonal pregnancy rates, and the effect of AI timing on pregnancy rate. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of treatment on the interval from PGF2 dosing to detected oestrus. Oestrus response to synchronization treatment was similar (P = 0.33) at 76.5 and 71.2% for cows in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The mean interval from PGF2 to the onset of oestrus was extended (P = 0.03) ~3 h for cows in Treatment 2 (57.4 v. 54.3 h, respectively). About two-thirds of the cows in each treatment were cyclic at the start of synchronization. The extended interval from PGF2 to observed oestrus was due to an effect on cyclic, but not acyclic, cows in Treatment 2. Of the cows expressing oestrus, 69 and 89% expressed oestrus 48 to 72 h post-PGF2 in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. Pregnancy rates after AI with sorted semen were similar (P = 0.64) at 63.3 and 66.7% for Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. No differences (P = 0.98) were detected in AI pregnancy rates for insemination intervals ranging from 9 to 24 h after detected oestrus. At the end of the breeding season, seasonal pregnancy rates were also similar (P = 0.74), at 83.3 and 84.9% for cows in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The addition of a PGF2 treatment on Day 7 of our 14-day CIDR-based protocol was expected to ensure all cows has sub-luteal P4 concentrations and would develop a persistent follicle capable of ovulation in response to GnRH given on Day 16. Whereas the Day 7 PGF2 treatment had no effect on oestrus response or pregnancy rate, it did result in a more synchronous oestrus within a 24-h period. Results indicate that acceptable pregnancy rates can be achieved in lactating beef cows when using sorted semen over a range of insemination times.

Resynchronization with unknown pregnancy status using progestin-based timed artificial insemination protocol in beef cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Sá Filho ◽  
M.O. Marques ◽  
R. Girotto ◽  
F.A. Santos ◽  
R.V. Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination

578: Twin Birth Study: neonatal and maternal outcomes in induction in twin pregnancies

2014 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. S285
Author(s):  
Jon Barrett ◽  
Elizabeth Asztalos ◽  
Andrew Willan ◽  
Elad Mei-Dan ◽  
Alexander Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Twin Pregnancies
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